scholarly journals Nitrate/nitrite poisoning in dairy cattle from the Midwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Amaral Gontijo ◽  
Andressa Afonso Borges ◽  
Flademir Wouters
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Nitrite Intoxication

ABSTRACT: In a rural property of the Midwestern Minas Gerais, Brazil, three 2.5 to 3-year-old female bovines (7/8 Holstein x 1/8 Gir) weighing approximately 380kg died after showing brownish colored mucosa of conjunctiva and vaginal vestibule, gray-bluish tongue, dyspnea, sialorrhea, tympany, and progression to sternal decubitus and death. In the macroscopic evaluation of one of the bovines, dark (chocolate-colored) blood of difficult coagulation, and intensely cherry-red skeletal and cardiac musculature were observed. Beyond that were observed brownish lungs, kidneys, liver, and encephalon, and all the stomach compartments were dilated due to large amounts of gas. In addition, the carcass exhaled a nitrous odor. The diphenylamine test and the nitrate dosage in the forage (Pennisetum purpureum, “elephant grass”, Napier grass cultivar) used in feeding the bovines showed a high concentration of nitrate, allowing the diagnosis of nitrate/nitrite intoxication. The main factors leading to the poisoning were attributed to excessive fertilization of grass with bovine manure, the occurrence of a drought period followed by a rainy season, lack of adaptation of the bovines to a nitrate-rich diet, and a diet composed almost exclusively of elephant grass. This is the first report of spontaneous nitrate/nitrite poisoning in cattle in southeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Forage Potential of Photoperiod-Sensitive Millet (Pennisetum Americanum (Linn.) K.Schum.) in South Western Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
M. E. Aken'ova
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Americanum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
Guinea Grass ◽  
Photoperiod Sensitive

IN Nigeria, millet, an important cereal of the dry tropics, could be grown for forage in the low land forest zone where it is not normally cultivated and where the rainy season lasts eight or more months. To determine lis potential is in annual forage, 'maiwa', which is a short-day photoperiod-sensitive millet (Pennisetum americanum(Linn) K. Schum.), was evaluated in 1972 along with the following promising genotypes of three perennial forage grasses, for comparisons: Nchisi variety of Guinea Grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) S. 112, elephant grass Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) S. 12 a local selection, and F1 Pennisetum hybrid No. 18 an interspecific hybrid of 'maiwa' millet and elephant grass. The perennial grasses were harvested every five weeks for dry matter (DM) yield estimation while 'maiwa' was first harvested five weeks after sowing and then every four weeks thereafter. Both total and daily DM production of 'maiwa' were significantly lower than those of all the perennial grasses. Annual DM production, average daily DM production and average DM content of 'maiwa', Guinea grass, elephant grass and the F1 Pennisetum hybrid were, respectively 10510, 18731, 16796 and 14900 kg/ha; 51.77, 89.19, 80.00, and 70.95 kg/ha; and 14.12, 19.32, 12.46 and 14.30%. However 'maiwa' contained significantly more leaf in the freshly cut herbage with 55% compared to 46, 43 and 43% for Guinea grass, elephant grass and F1 Pennisetum hybrid No. 18 respectively, When cut at four and five weeks crude protein (CP) values of ‘maiwa’ were 17.41 and 15.78% of DM respectively and were higher than those of Guinea grass (10.94 ind 10.14 elephant grass (12.68 11.17%) and the F1 Pennisetum hybrid (14.19 and 13.52%). Crude fibre (CF) values of 'maiwa' at four and five weeks were 26.06 and 27.96% of DM respectively while those of the perennial grasses ranged between 26.14 and 28. 61% and 27.35 and 30.64%, respectively. Mortality of 'maiwa' stands increased from 6% early in the rainy season to 75% at the beginning of the dry season when the study was terminated. When grazed in 1975, 66.7% of 'maiwa' DM on offer was consumed. The results indicated a superiority in quality of ‘maiwa' forage. Improvement in the level and seasonal distribution of 'maiwa' herbage production as well as quality can be realised through suitable agronomic practices as well as breeding.

scholarly journals Effect of Elephant Grass Genotypes to Bioenergy Production

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Henrique Guimarães De Favare ◽  
Joadil Gonçalves De Abreu ◽  
Livia Vieira de Barros ◽  
Felipe Gomes Da Silva ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Agronomic Characteristics ◽  
Direct Combustion ◽  
Randomized Block Design

The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) genotypes on energy production in the combustion form. A randomized block design with 3 repetitions was used. The treatments were arranged in subdivided plots scheme, considering as a plot the genotypes and as subplots, the harvest season. The agronomic characteristics plant height (H), leaf length (LL), leaf blade width (LBW), stem diameter (SD), tillers number (TN), stem percentage (SP), dry matter yield (DMY) were evaluated. The rainy season provided greater H to elephant grass genotypes with height above 3.5 m. The average SP obtained by the genotypes was 68.21% and 67.21% to the first and second year of cultivation, respectively, which gives the biomass good quality of burning. The rainy season provided greater DMY comparing to the dry season. In the first year of cultivation there were genotypes with annual dry matter yield (ADMY) above 50 ton ha-1 year-1, however, the non-maintenance of soil fertility promoted the reduction of 39.17% and 39.05% in the DMY and ADMY, respectively. Analyzing the agronomic characteristics, we conclude that the promising genotypes of elephant grass to produce energy in the form of direct combustion are CNPGL 91-25-1, Cubano Pinda, BRS Canará, Porto Rico and Mercker.

scholarly journals Concentrate and crude protein levels in diets for dairy Gyr lineage cows grazing elephant-grass during the rainy season

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Monteiro Araújo Teixeira ◽  
Rogério de Paula Lana ◽  
Leonardo de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
André Soares de Oliveira ◽  
José Maurício de Souza Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Mineral Mixture

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of three levels of concentrate (2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 kg/cow/day) and two levels of crude protein (CP) (14 and 16% total dietary dry matter), in comparison to mineral mixture (control) on the intake, apparent digestibility, milk composition and yield and on feed efficiency and use of concentrates of cows grazing elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum, Schum) in the rainy season. Twenty-one milking Gyr cows with average body weight of 426 kg and yield of 13.0 kg of milk/cow/day at 55 days of lactation were distributed in randomized blocks design, with seven diets (treatments) in a 3 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement and three replications, in a period of 84 days. Forage dry matter intake was not influenced by the diets, but total dietary dry matter intake increased by 45% with the inclusion of concentrate in the diet. However, milk yield increased by only 17% (1.76 kg more milk per day) with the use of concentrate. For dairy Gyr cows grazing elephant-grass during the rainy season, 2 kg of concentrate/cow/day and 14% of CP in the total diet provided the best productive response without harming body weight.

Energetic characterization and flash pyrolysis of different elephant grass cultivars ( Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayara de Oliveira Lessa ◽  
Guilherme Quintela Calixto ◽  
Bruna Maria Emerenciano das Chagas ◽  
Emerson Moreira Aguiar ◽  
Marcus Antônio de Freitas Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Flash Pyrolysis ◽  
Energetic Characterization ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum

scholarly journals Temporal assessment of root and shoot colonization of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) host seedlings by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus strain LP343

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 126651
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Dos-Santos ◽  
Wiglison B.A. Nascimento ◽  
Bruna P. do Nascimento ◽  
Stefan Schwab ◽  
José I. Baldani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Temporal Assessment

scholarly journals Microsatellite markers-based characterisation of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) harvested from selected locations in South-West Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45
Author(s):  
O.A. Okukenu ◽  
A.A. Olajide ◽  
P.A. Dele ◽  
M. Wheto ◽  
B.T. Akinyemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Ethanol Solution ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
South West ◽  
Ssr Primers ◽  
Genetic Index

This study was carried out to characterise Pennisetum purpureum harvested from some selected locations in S outh-W estern Nigeria using microsatellite markers. Leaf parts of growing young elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) were harvested and immediately preserved in ethanol solution before DNA extraction. Two (2) SSR primers (CTM59 and Xtxp278) were used to assess genetic diversity in Pennisetum purpureum. The result shows that 72% of the molecular variations in the elephant grass exists within the population with 28% among the population; there were no unique characteristics among the Nine (9) populations. Nei genetic index ranged from 0.067 (lowest) observed between Isokan and Odeda populations to 0.158 (highest), between Ifedore and Ikoyi Populations. Morphological characterization showed moderate diversity with two major clusters and one minor cluster. Keyword: Elephant grass; cultivars; locations; markers

A New Species of the Scinax catharinae Species Group (Anura: Hylidae) from Minas Gerais, Southeastern Brazil

Herpetologica ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 468-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Calijorne Lourenço ◽  
Luciana Barreto Nascimento ◽  
Maria Rita Silvério Pires
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
A New Species

A new species of Microvelia Westwood, 1834 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae) from southeastern Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4958 (1) ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
OSÉIAS MARTINS MAGALHÃES ◽  
GUSTAVO LISBOA VIEIRA MACHADO ◽  
MARCO ANTONIO ALVES CARNEIRO ◽  
FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO MOREIRA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
A New Species

Microvelia joceliae Magalhães & Moreira, sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material from Parque Natural Municipal das Andorinhas, Minas Gerais State, in southeastern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from congeners occurring in the region by the pronotum of the apterous form covering almost the entire thorax dorsally, proepisternum with black denticles, male abdominal segments V–VII ventrally depressed, shape of the asymmetrical parameres, and female abdominal laterotergites reflected over the mediotergites and almost touching over segments V–VII. 

Germination percentage and emergence potential of nine newly introduced temperate forage germplasms in Shika, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-238
Author(s):  
Y. M. Ishiaku ◽  
M. R. Hassan ◽  
S. A. Abubakar ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Pennisetum Alopecuroides

A trial was conducted to investigate the germination percentage and emergence potential of nine imported temperate forage germplasms at the National Animal Production Research Institute, Shika, Nigeria. The seeds consisted of seven grasses namely; Beefsteak plant (Fructus perillae), Sweet elephant grass (Pennisetum alopecuroides), Wild foxtail millet (Setaria viridis), Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum), King grass (Pennisetum sinese), Chinese sorghum (Sweet sorghum) and Zea mexican schard (Purus frumentum) and two legumes namely; Chinese woad (Isatis tinctoria) and Chinese alfalfa (Medicago sativa). A laboratory germination test and pot emergence trial was carried out to ascertain their viability. The result of the experiment showed that Sweet elephant grass, napier grass and king grass recorded over 90 % germination and the least was 30 % in Chinese sorghum. Chinese alfalfa and wild foxtail millet had least germination percentage with 100 % Seed dormancy.Highest emergence rate, seedling length and seedling vigour indexwere observed in king grass than the other forage germplasms. The highest percentage emergence was obtained in king grass > sweet elephant grass > napier grass > Zea mexican schard > beefsteak plant > Chinese woad > Chinese sorghum, respectively. It was concluded that these forages can successfully be adopted as animal feed resources in Nigeria and therefore, recommended formulti-locational trials in all the ecological zones of the country.

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