scholarly journals BODY COMPOSITION AMONG UNIVERSITY FEMALE ATHLETES OF TEAM SPORTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Carlos Alencar Souza Alves Junior ◽  
Mikael Seabra Moraes ◽  
Cassiano Schuaste de Souza ◽  
Giovani Costa ◽  
Diego Augusto Santos Silva
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Team Sports ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Menstrual Irregularities

ABSTRACT Introduction: The assessment of body composition in female athletes of different sports is important for health monitoring. Objective: To compare body composition in university athletes of different team sports (indoor soccer, flag football and volleyball). Methods: A cross-sectional study carried out with 45 female athletes, aged 18 to 35 years (22.8 ± 3.55). The dependent variables were body fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) measured by air displacement plethysmography. Bone mineral content, adjusted for height (BMC/height) and bone mineral density (BMD), were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The independent variable was sport [flag football (n = 12); indoor soccer (n = 20); volleyball (n = 13)] and the covariates were age (complete years), training volume (minutes per week) and length of time playing the sport (complete years). Analysis of covariance was used. Results: Adjusting the model for covariates, volleyball athletes (19.27 kg ± 2.20) presented higher FM values compared to the flag football (16.00 kg ± 1.70) and indoor soccer players (12.20 kg ± 1.30). There was no significant difference in FFM, BMC/height and total BMD between sports, even after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: Volleyball athletes presented higher FM compared to flag football and indoor soccer athletes. There were no differences in FFM, BMC/height and BMD among the players of the different team sports. This study can help coaches and other sports professionals to prevent injuries to athletes in sports such as higher FM (volleyball), or to prevent diseases such as menstrual irregularities, which are common in athletes who may have low levels of body fat (indoor soccer players), this being one of the risk factors for the female athlete triad (eating disorders, menstrual irregularities and low BMD). Level of evidence III; Retrospective comparative study .

scholarly journals Status of bone mineral content and body composition in boys engaged in intensive physical activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 386-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Madic ◽  
Borislav Obradovic ◽  
Miroslav Smajic ◽  
Jelena Obradovic ◽  
Dusan Maric ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
The Right

Background/Aim. It is well known that physical activity has an anabolic effect on bone tissue. But there is a lack of information about the effect of intensive physical activity in childhood, particularly at the prepubertal stage. To examine the influence of training on body composition and bone mineral density we have studied a group of prepubertal soccer players as well as a group of inactive prepubertal boys at the starting phase of their peak bone mass acquisition. Methods. A total of 62 healthy prepubertal boys took part in this study. They were divided into two groups. The first one consisted of 32 soccer players (aged 10.7 ? 0.5 years), who had been playing football for at least 1 year (10-15 h per week). The second group a control group 30 boys (aged 11.2 ? 0.7 years) doing 1.5 h per week physical activity at school. Body composition was assessed by a Body Fat Analyzer 'BES 200 Z'. Bone mineral density measurements of the left and the right calcaneus were done by using ultrasound densitometer 'Sahara' (Hologic, Inc., MA, USA). Results. There were significant differences between soccer players and the control group in fat mass (p = 0.01). Besides, a significant difference was determined between the group of athletes and the control group in bone mineral density of both calcaneal bones (p = 0.01). Conclusion. The results of this study confirm the significant effects of physical activity on reducing body mass and increasing bone density. Considering that football training can be very easily implemented in the broader population of children and young people, which does not apply to many other sports, it should be used more in the prevention of obesity and osteoporosis.

Overexpression of Mig-6 in Cartilage Induces an Osteoarthritis-Like Phenotype in Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Bellini ◽  
Michael Andrew Pest ◽  
Manuela Miranda Rodrigues ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Jae-Wook Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of articular cartilage and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. Methods: Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpressing (Mig-6over/over) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative histopathological scoring (OARSI) at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density.Results: Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in articular cartilage, although Mig-6over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6over/over mice was decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 appeared increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6over/over mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of Mig-6 in articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however, these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways is critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the relationship between body composition and aerobic fitness in youth soccer players

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 258-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ö. Nalbant ◽  
K. Özer
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
T Test ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Test Protocol ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Long Jump

Background and Study Aim: The purpose of the study was to make an evaluation between aerobic fitnes (VO2max) and body composition in youth soccer players. Material and Methods: U19, U17, U16 and U15 age groups participated in the study. Twenty-eight U19 (average age 18,03±0,58), twenty-three U17 (average age 16,72±0,30), twenty-seven U16 (average age 15,79±0,23) and twenty-one U15 (average age 14,67±0,31) totally ninety-nine athletes voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects’ body weight and fat percentage were estimated by bioelectrical impedance. VO2max was determined by YOYO Intermittan Recovery test protocol. Shapiro-wilk test, Independent t test, hierarchical regression and analysis of covariance were used to compare the relationships between aerobic fitness and body composition. Additionally, Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationships between variables. The level of significance for all statistics was set at p<0.05. SPSS 23 software was used to calculate the data. The total value of all estimators is f = 18,001 and p <0.0001. Results : Although all variables were included in the model, the BMI was considered the greatest explanatory factor for fatness. Aerobic endurance was assessed in direct proportion to age, sit and reach test, crunch test, plank, and long jump test. As the distance increased, the% fat ratio decreased (p <0.001), and the fat ratio decreased with the decrease in the T test (p <0.001). Conclusions: In this study, it was determined that body fat ratio determined by BMI, body fat percentage decreased with increasing aerobic endurance, body fat ratio was negatively correlated with aerobic fitness and lean body ratio. It was also determined that aerobic fitness was positively correlated with age, sit and reach, crunch test, plank, standing long jump and T test.

scholarly journals Overexpression Of Mig-6 In Cartilage Induces An Osteoarthritis-like Phenotype In Mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melina Bellini ◽  
Michael Andrew Pest ◽  
Manuela Miranda Rodrigues ◽  
Ling Qin ◽  
Jae-Wook Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Cartilage Degeneration ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and characterized by degeneration of articular cartilage. Mitogen-inducible gene 6 (Mig-6) has been identified as a negative regulator of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Cartilage-specific Mig-6 knockout (KO) mice display increased EGFR signaling, an anabolic buildup of articular cartilage and formation of chondro-osseous nodules. Since our understanding of the EGFR/Mig-6 network in cartilage remains incomplete, we characterized mice with cartilage-specific overexpression of Mig-6 in this study. Methods : Utilizing knee joints from cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpressing ( Mig- 6over/over ) mice (at multiple time points), we evaluated the articular cartilage using histology, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative OARSI scoring at multiple ages. MicroCT analysis was employed to examine skeletal morphometry, body composition, and bone mineral density. Results: Our data show that cartilage-specific Mig-6 overexpression did not cause any major developmental abnormalities in articular cartilage, although Mig-6 over/over mice have slightly shorter long bones compared to the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in bone mineral density and body composition in any of the groups. However, our results indicate that Mig-6 over/over male mice show accelerated cartilage degeneration at 12 and 18 months of age. Immunohistochemistry for SOX9 demonstrated that the number of positively stained cells in Mig-6 over/over mice decreased relative to controls. Immunostaining for MMP13 staining is increased in areas of cartilage degeneration in Mig-6 over/over mice. Moreover, staining for phospho-EGFR (Tyr-1173) and lubricin (PRG4) was decreased in the articular cartilage of Mig-6 over/over mice. Conclusion: Overexpression of Mig-6 in articular cartilage causes no major developmental phenotype; however these mice develop earlier OA during aging. These data demonstrate that Mig-6/EGFR pathways is critical for joint homeostasis and might present a promising therapeutic target for OA.

Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome

1995 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisskulla Sylvén ◽  
Kerstin Hagenfeldt ◽  
Hans Ringertz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Turner's Syndrome ◽  
Turner’S Syndrome ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Body

Sylvén L, Hagenfeldt K, Ringertz H. Bone mineral density in middle-aged women with Turner's syndrome. Eur J Endrocrinol 1995;132:47–52. ISSN 0804–4643 Bone mineral density (BMD), bone mineral content and body composition were determined in 47 middle-aged (mean age 47.9 ± 1.1 years) women with Turner's syndrome. Bone mineral density was measured in the forearm, femoral neck and total body. The women investigated had a BMD lower than the normal mean. When expressed as Z scores (individual values compared to normal reference data matched for age, weight and sex), the median Z score of the total body was −1.23. When comparing women with the karyotype 45,X and mosaic women, the latter showed a higher BMD in all sites of measurement. Duration of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) differed significantly between the mosaic and the 45,X women, with a longer duration in the mosaic group (20.7 ± 2 vs 12.1 ± 2.6 years; p < 0.01). The duration of HRT was found to be the more important factor to maintain bone mass, not the karyotype. Bone mineral density increased with years of HRT but not until after > 20 years of HRT could a significant difference be shown between the women with HRT ≤ 20 years and those with HRT > 20 years. No correlation was found between BMD and body weight, body fat or percentage body fat. Whether the osteopenia found in women with Turner's syndrome is similar to that found postmenopausally or is a specific form related to the chromosome aberration remains to be investigated further. The present data support a relation to estrogen deficiency. Lisskulla Sylvén, Department of Woman and Child Health, Division for Obstetrics & Gynecology, Karolinska Hospital, S-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden

scholarly journals Equation to Fat Percentage Estimation in Women with Reduced Bone Mineral Density

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-256
Author(s):  
Cristiane da Silva Oselame ◽  
Gleidson Brandão Oselame ◽  
Oslei de Matos ◽  
Eduardo Borba Neves
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
The Body ◽  
World Health ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Period

Introduction: The measurement of body fat is a way to obtain information about the characteristics that can lead to a framework of certain diseases. Thus, women in postmenopausal period experience significant variations in the body composition and fat distribution. Objective: To develop an equation to estimation of the body fat percentage in women with osteopenia / osteoporosis based on anthropometric measurements easily obtainable. Methods: The sample consisted of 74 women participating in the study group of the Physical Exercise Program for Osteoporosis Federal Technological University of Paraná, all in postmenopausal period and with osteopenia or osteoporosis. It evaluated body composition and bone mineral density by absorptiometry Radiological Dual Energy (DXA), anthropometry and body circumferences (waist, abdomen and hips), and nutritional status by the Body Mass Index (BMI) as the World Health Organization classification. Results: The sample can be characterized by the following average data: age of 59.32 ± 6.96, 27.14 ± 3 BMI 90, Waist Hip Ratio of 0.85 ± 0.08 and Body fat percentage 40.35 ± 4.04. The proposed equation was Body Fat Percentage (BFP) = 14,419 + (0.405 x BMI) + (0.147 x HC) using only two predictor variables, BMI and hip circumference (PQ). Conclusion: The standard error of estimate of the proposed equation was 2.89 (R2 = 0.501) can be considered low average values for the percentage of fat in this population, suggesting that the equation can be used to estimate the percentage of body fat in postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Food Creatine and DXA-Derived Body Composition in Boys and Girls Aged 8 to 19 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117863882110593
Author(s):  
Darinka Korovljev ◽  
Nikola Todorovic ◽  
Valdemar Stajer ◽  
Sergej M Ostojic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Mineral Density

Several small-scale trials indicate a positive correlation between dietary creatine intake and fat-free mass in the pediatric population; whether this connection occurs at the population-wide level remains currently unknown. The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to calculate the amount of creatine consumed through a regular diet among U.S. boys and girls aged 8 to 19 years, and investigate the link between creatine consumption and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived body composition indices in this population. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018 round, with dietary information and whole-body DXA body composition measures extracted for respondents aged 8 to 19 years (1273 participants, 649 boys and 624 girls). Individual values for total grams of creatine consumed per day for each participant were computed using the average amount of creatine (3.88 g/kg) across all creatine-containing foods. The primary exposure was the mean daily intake of creatine; the primary and secondary outcomes comprised lean mass excluding bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density, BMC, lean mass including BMC, fat mass, and percent body fat, respectively. The average intake of creatine across the sample was 0.65 ± 0.72 g/day (95% CI, from 0.61 to 0.69). Creatine positively correlated with lean mass (excluding BMC) and BMC across the whole sample ( r = .18 and .20, respectively; P < .001); a significant negative correlation was found between creatine intake and percent body fat ( r = −.09; P = .001). The higher intake of creatine was associated with higher lean mass in girls and higher BMC in boys, while taking more creatine corresponded to less body fat for both genders ( P < .05). Our findings indicate a significant correlation between dietary creatine and DXA-derived body composition biomarkers in a nationally representative cohort of U.S. youth. These results justify further research of creatine’s role in modifying body morphology in the pediatric population, taking into account the age and sex specific traits.

scholarly journals Bone mineral density in elite masters athletes: the effect of body composition and long-term exercise

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kopiczko ◽  
Jakub Grzegorz Adamczyk ◽  
Karol Gryko ◽  
Marek Popowczak
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Masters Athletes

Abstract Background The purpose of the study was to examine how bone mineral density (BMD) is related to body composition depending on the practiced sport (endurance, speed-power, throwing sports) in participants of the World Masters Athletics Championship. Methods Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to determine BMD and bone mass (BMC). Body composition was analyzed by means of the JAWON Medical X-scan analyzer using bioelectrical impedance methods. Percentage body fat (%BF), body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), total body water (TBW), soft lean mass (SLM), intracellular water (ICW), and extracellular water (ECW) were evaluated. Results Among men, the most important variables affecting the BMD norm were LBM (OR = 32.578; p = 0.023), ECW (OR = 0.003; p = 0.016) and ICW (OR = 0.011; p = 0.031), in the distal part and SLM (OR = 5.008; p = 0.020) and ICW (0.354, p = 0.008) in the proximal part. In women, the most important predictors of normal BMD were ICW (OR = 10.174; p = 0.003) and LBM (OR = 0.470; p = 0.020) in the distal part and ICW (OR = 5.254; p = 0.038) in the proximal part. Conclusion The representatives of strength based events had the most advantageous BMD levels. The condition of bone tissue evaluated by BMC and BMD of the forearm in masters athletes was strongly determined by the level of lean body components and the type of sports training associated with the track and field event. In the most important predictors of the BMD norm were also hydration components ECW and ICW. However, this relationship requires more research on the nature and mechanisms of these interactions.

scholarly journals Body composition and bone mineral density of prepubertal boys involved in different kinesiologic treatments

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Borislav Obradovic ◽  
Dejan Madic ◽  
Zoran Milosevic ◽  
Nebojsa Maksimovic ◽  
Milena Mikalacki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Prepubertal Boys ◽  
And Control

Introduction. It is well known that physical activity has an anabolic effect on the bone tissue. But there is a lack of information about the effect of intensive physical activity in childhood, particularly at the prepubertal stage. The type, frequency, intensity, and duration of activity that best produce the desired increases in mass and strength of human bones have not yet been well determined. Material and methods. To examine the influence of different kinesiological treatments on body composition and bone mineral density we studied a group of prepubertal boys at the starting phase of their peak bone mass acquisition. 90 healthy prepubertal boys took part in this study. The sport group consisted of 28 swimmers (aged 10.80.8) and 32 soccer players (aged 10.70.5), who had been training their chosen high-level sport activity for at least 1 year (8-12h per week for swimmers, 10-15h per week for soccer players). 30 boys (aged 11.2?0.7) doing 1.5h per week of physical activity in school served as a control group. Bone mineral density measurements of the left and right calcaneus were done by ultrasound densitometer 'Sahara'. The body composition was assessed by Body Fat Analyser 'BES 200 Z'. Results. There were significant differences between soccer players and control group as regards fat mass and bone mineral density (p<.01). Besides, significant differences were determined between a group of swimmers and control group as regads fat mass (p<.03), while the differences in bone mineral density were not very obvious (p<.67).

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