scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus flux from the production of Nile tilapia through the application of environmental indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Osti ◽  
M. A. B. Moraes ◽  
C. F. Carmo ◽  
C. T. J. Mercante
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage grow-out (termination) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fishpond. The TN and TP load, the mass balance, the input of TN and TP via feed and the converted nutrients in fish biomass are the environmental indicators applied in this study. During the production cycle (128 days), the system exported 15,931 g TN and 4,189 g TP that were related to the amount of feed supplied (r Pearson = 0.8825 and r = 0.8523, respectively), corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (1.61:1). The indicators showed that 26% TN and 45% TP were reversed into fish biomass, 62% TN and 40% TP were retained in the fishpond, and 12% TN and 15% TP were exported via effluent. The largest contribution of nutrients generated by the system and exported via effluent was observed in phase III and IV. This result is supported by the feed conversion ratio 2.14 and 2.21:1 obtained at this phase, a fact explained by the amount of feed offered and the fish metabolism. Application of environmental indicators showed to be an efficient tool to quantify flux of TN and TP produced during the grow-out period of Nile tilapia and therefore, guide management practices more sustainable. Concerning the environmental sustainability of the activity the implementation of best management practices such as the better control of the feed amount offered would lead to a smaller loss of TN and TP to the water. Furthermore, the use of better quality feeds would allow greater nutrient assimilation efficiency.

scholarly journals Effects of the Use of Plant-Based Food Additives on Growth, Body Composition, and Survival of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linnaeus, 1758)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Paul Mamadou Ndour ◽  
Jean Fall ◽  
Abdoulaye Loum ◽  
Saloum Jatta ◽  
Mariama Sagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Average Weight Gain

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of plant-based food additives on growth performance, body composition and survival of Nile tilapia. Four isonitrogenous (25% CP) and isolipidic (13% CL) experimental diets were prepared and designated as R1, R2, R3, and R4. R1 contains (3% Cymbopogon citratus), R2 contains (3% Ocimum basilicum), R3 contains (3% Mentha spicata) and R4 (control or 0% additive). 180 Nile tilapia fry with an initial average weight of 0.2g were distributed in 12 plastic tanks (50 L/tank) at the stocking density of 15 fish per tank in an isolated system. Fish were fed with experimental diets 3 times per day (8:00 am, 1:00 pm and 5 :00 pm) for 3 months. After 90 days of experiment, the results revealed that the final average weight ranged from 2.62g to 8.00g, the absolute average weight gain (AAWG) from 2.42 to 7.8g, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 1.31 to 2.67 and specific growth rate (SGR) from 3.06 to 4.36%/d. The survival rate (SR) varied between 64 and 100%. Of the parameters studied such as the absolute average weight gain (AAWG), the specific growth rate (SGR), the feed conversion ratio (FCR), and the survival rate, the best were obtained by the group of fish fed with the R2 diet containing 3% Ocimum basilicum. The results of the analysis of the flesh showed that the addition of 3% O. basilicum does not modify the contents of dry matter, crude protein, and ash but slightly increased the fat content. Based on the results, the inclusion of natural plant-based food additive (3% Ocimum basilicum) in the diet of Nile tilapia improved the parameters of growth, feed efficiency, and survival.

scholarly journals Evaluation of graded levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on performance of starter broiler chicks

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
D. C. Obionwu ◽  
B. O. Esonu ◽  
E. B. Etuk ◽  
A. S. Adebanjo ◽  
B. O. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Hammer Mill ◽  
Feed Conversion

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of different levels of raw and cooked turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) on the performance of starter broiler chicks in a complete randomised design. Turmeric rhizome was washed with water and divided into two batches of 20kg each. The first batch was crushed, then sundried for 3 days. The second batch was cooked for an hour, crushed with a roller and sundried for 3 days. Both the raw and cooked sundried turmeric rhizomes were then ground using a hammer mill to produce raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal and were bagged respectively. Seven (7) broiler starter diets were formulated to contain raw or cooked turmeric rhizome meal at 0% (control diet), 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% levels, respectively. The diets were offered ad libitum to 189 Cobb broilers which were randomly divided into 7 dietary treatment groups, each containing 3 replicates of 9 birds per replicate. The experiment lasted for 21days. All the routine management practices were duly observed. Daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio were used as criteria of response. The results indicated that addition of turmeric rhizome meal had no significant (p>0.05) effect on daily weight gain, daily feed intake, mortality and feed conversion ratio as compared with the control. It was evident that the different processing methods and the dietary levels used had no effect on broiler performance based on the results obtained in this study and within the circumstances of the experiments. It can be concluded that sun-dried raw and cooked turmeric rhizome meal at the dietary levels used did not significantly affect broiler starter performance.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of ionophores and ZeeCox®, a phytogenic multistage anticoccidial against Chicken Coccidiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
P Azhahianambi ◽  
◽  
S Suganya ◽  
S Thiyagarajan ◽  
R Vijayashanthi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Efficiency Factor ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion

The study was designed to investigate the comparative anti-coccidial efficacy of ZeeCox® (Phytogenic anti-coccidial formulation developed by Indian Herbs Specialities Ltd) at recommended dose levels, with commonly used ionophore anti-coccidial drugs such as salinomycin, lasolacid and anti-coccidial vaccine. A total of 324, day-old broiler chicks were reared under standard management practices. The chicks were randomly divided into nine groups with each group consisting of 36 birds. Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio, intestine lesion score, oocyst per gram feces and European Performance Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of all experimental group birds were measured. All the chicks except Group 1 were inoculated orally with the total of 20,000 live sporulated oocysts of Eimeria species on 18th day of age. The overall performance such as Body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio and European Production Efficiency Factor (EPEF) of Group 5 (ZeeCox® 0.5g/kg treatment and Challenged) was better and comparable with Group 3 (Salinomycin treatment and Challenged) and Group 4 (Salinomycin & Lasalocid treatment and Challenged). It was concluded from the present study that ZeeCox® at 0.5g/kg of feed could be a potential alternative to the ionophore anticoccidial drugs used in the control of coccidiosis in broiler chicken.

scholarly journals The Effects of Feed Restriction and Isolated or Group Rearing on the Measurement of Individual Feed Intake and Estimation of Feed Conversion Ratio in Juvenile Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) for Selective Breeding Purposes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Rodde ◽  
Marc Vandeputte ◽  
Trong Quoc Trinh ◽  
Vincent Douchet ◽  
Marc Canonne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
The Gift

Accurately measuring the phenotype at the individual level is critical to the success of selective breeding programs. Feed efficiency is a key sustainability trait and is typically approached through feed conversion ratio (FCR). This requires measurements of body weight gain (BWG) and feed intake (FI), the latter being technically challenging in fish. We assessed two of the principal methods for measuring feed intake in fish over consecutive days: (1) group rearing 10 fish per group and video recording the meals and (2) rearing fish individually on a restricted ration. Juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain and the Cirad strain were entered into the study (128 GIFT and 109 Cirad). The GIFT strain were reared over three consecutive periods of 7 days each under different feeding, recording, and rearing scenarios (i) in groups fed an optimal ration (g100) or (ii) fed a 50% restricted ration (g50) both with video records of all meals and (iii) reared in isolation and fed a 50% restrictive ration. The Cirad strain were tested similarly but only for scenarios (i) and (iii). All fish were fed twice daily with a calculated ration. Correlations showed the same trends for the GIFT and the Cirad strains. For the GIFT strain, correlations were positive and significant for BWG and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (ii), 0.49 and 0.63, respectively, and FI measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.50) but not for BWG measured in scenarios (i) and (iii) (0.29, NS). The phenotypic correlation estimated for FCR between scenarios (i) and (ii) with fish fed an optimal or a 50% restricted ration was low and not significant (0.22). Feed Conversion Ratio for GIFT fish reared in groups or in isolation and fed with a restricted ration [scenarios (ii) and (iii)] were not significantly correlated either. Social interactions between fish, potentially impacting their efficiency, may explain the results. Therefore, selective breeding programs seeking to improve feed efficiency will need to carefully plan the feeding rate and the rearing system used to estimate FCR in order to optimize selection for the targeted production system.

scholarly journals Environmental indicators in effluent assessment of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared in raceway system through phosphorus and nitrogen

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. B. Moraes ◽  
C. F. Carmo ◽  
Y. A. Tabata ◽  
A. M. Vaz-dos-Santos ◽  
C. T. J. Mercante
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Management ◽  
Low Efficiency

Abstract The phosphorus and nitrogen discharge via effluent of intensive trout farming system was quantified through the use of environmental indicators. The nutrient loads, the mass balance, the estimated amount of nutrients in feed and the amount of nutrients converted in fish biomass were calculated based on the concentrations of phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) in the feed and in the water. Of the offered feed, 24.75 kg were available as P and 99.00 kg as N, of these, 9.32 kg P (38%) and 29.12 kg N (25%) were converted into fish biomass and 15.43 kg P (62%) and 69.88 kg N (75%) were exported via effluent. The loads and the mass balance show the excessive discharge of nutrients via effluent, corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (2.12:1) due to the low efficiency of feed utilization, therefore, it is proposed the use of this zootechnical parameter as environmental indicator. In addition, feed management practices are not adequate, highlighting the low frequency of feeding during the day, excessive amount and low quality of feed offered. These results demonstrate the need for adequate feed management and the need for careful monitoring of effluent.

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