scholarly journals Histological and immunohistochemical findings of the action of botulinum toxin in salivary gland: systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Oliveira ◽  
J. Evêncio-Neto ◽  
L. Baratella-Evêncio
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Glandular Tissue ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Great Relevance

Abstract The treatment of sialorrhea is necessary for the constant risks posed by hypersalivation. A new therapeutic option comes up with the application of botulinum toxin in salivary glands. However, little is known about its mechanism of action in glandular tissue. Based on the above, this work had the objective to systematically review the literature about the action of botulinum toxin on submandibular and parotid salivary glands tissues. Electronic search was performed in databases of great relevance for this study (PubMed, SciELO, HighWire, Crossref, Scopus, Science Direct, MEDLINE, OLDMEDLINE, Serials Database, NLM Catalog, LILACS and IBECS). Inclusion and exclusion criteria for articles were established, and a total number of 14 articles were selected and used. There are few publications that clarify how the salivary gland acini behave with application of botulinum toxin. Although, the immunohistochemical findings were consistent among authors, showing weak immunoreactivity in glands treated with botulinum toxin. Histometric data are divergent, requiring more detailed studies to answer the questions about the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin in salivary glands.

scholarly journals Salivary gland endoscopy in children: A systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 795-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Silva ◽  
Gean Babicsak ◽  
Ricardo Landini Dolci
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Endoscopic Findings ◽  
Juvenile Recurrent Parotitis

Summary Objective: To review studies on sialendoscopy (SE) of the salivary glands in children focusing mainly on the indications, endoscopic findings, and effectiveness of the procedure. Method: The electronic databases searched were Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane. The search was conducted by two researchers independently, following inclusion and exclusion criteria. A third author analyzed sources of conflict. In the first stage they were discarded by reading the articles title that had no relation to the purpose of the study and then evaluated the abstracts of each study. In these two initial phases 37 articles were excluded. Articles not excluded by the selection criteria have been retrieved and assessed in full. Seven articles had their data extracted and were compared. Results: The literature search parameters listed allowed the recovery of 44 articles. After applying the exclusion criteria, seven studies were included in this review representing 207 patients undergoing with ages ranging from 1 to 16 years. All studies except one underwent SE under general anesthesia. The juvenile recurrent parotitis was the main clinical diagnosis related with SE procedures (N=152). The number of inflammatory attacks per patient per year was the parameter for indication of SE. The efficacy of the procedure was considered high by all authors ranging between 83 and 93% in larger series evaluated. Conclusion: Sialendoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent inflammatory diseases of salivary glands in children.

scholarly journals A Decade of Progress Using Virtual Reality for Poststroke Lower Extremity Rehabilitation: Systematic Review of the Intervention Methods

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Luque-Moreno ◽  
Alejandro Ferragut-Garcías ◽  
Cleofás Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo ◽  
Jesús Oliva-Pascual-Vaca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Lower Extremity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Conventional Physiotherapy

Objective. To develop a systematic review of the literature, to describe the different virtual reality (VR) interventions and interactive videogames applied to the lower extremity (LE) of stroke patients, and to analyse the results according to the most frequently used outcome measures.Material and Methods. An electronic search of randomized trials between January 2004 and January 2014 in different databases (Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, PEDro,andCochrane) was carried out. Several terms (virtual reality, feedback, stroke, hemiplegia, brain injury, cerebrovascular accident, lower limb, leg, andgait) were combined, and finally 11 articles were included according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results. The reviewed trials showed a high heterogeneity in terms of study design and assessment tools, which makes it difficult to compare and analyze the different types of interventions. However, most of them found a significant improvement on gait speed, balance and motor function, due to VR intervention.Conclusions. Although evidence is limited, it suggests that VR intervention (more than 10 sessions) in stroke patients may have a positive impact on balance, and gait recovery. Better results were obtained when a multimodal approach, combining VR and conventional physiotherapy, was used. Flexible software seems to adapt better to patients’ requirements, allowing more specific and individual treatments.

scholarly journals Botulinum Toxin for the Treatment of Focal Task-Specific Hand Dystonias: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-44
Author(s):  
Nigel Ashworth ◽  
Henry Aidoo ◽  
Alexander Doroshenko ◽  
David Antle ◽  
Charl Els ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Functional Performance ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Duration Of Symptoms ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
Focal Task

Objective:Botulinum Toxin (BTX) has become a widely used treatment in several dystonic conditions, but the evidence for its efficacy has largely come from open trials and expert opinion. This systematic review examined the efficacy and safety of BTX in the treatment of Focal Hand Dystonia (FHD) in Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs).Methods:We searched Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), CINAHL, SPORT Discus, SCOPUS, Web of Science, PEDro, ClinicalTrials.gov, and the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) for randomized, placebo-controlled trials on the use of BTX for FHD.Results:Of 1,116 publications retrieved from the databases searched, three publications were included. The evidence identified pertains to focal task-specific hand dystonias. Sixty-nine participants were involved in the three RCTs with a mean duration of symptoms of 7.5 years. Participants were assessed using a combination of self-reported and functional performance outcome measures following injections of BTX subtype A (BTX-A) or placebo. The Oxford Quality Scale was used to assess the included studies, and the three studies each scored 3/5 or above. The included studies reported no adverse events with BTX-A use, other than muscle weakness and pain at the injection sites.Conclusion:The number of participants included in these three trials is too small to draw dependable conclusions about the efficacy and safety of BTX-A for FHD. There is currently not enough evidence to recommend the routine use of BTX-A for FHD.

scholarly journals The efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in painful knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 030006051989586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuchao Zhai ◽  
Botao Huang ◽  
Kai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Knee Osteoarthritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type A ◽  
Type A ◽  
Botulinum Toxin Type ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Painful Knee

Objective A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A in painful knee osteoarthritis. Methods The EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Botulinum Toxin Type A in the treatment of painful knee osteoarthritis. The references of included literature were also searched. Results Five articles involving 5 RCTs including 314 patients were included in this analysis. There was a significant difference between Botulinum Toxin Type A and placebo in the visual analog scale (VAS) pain scale and Western Ontario & McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire score in both the short-term (≤4 weeks) and long-term (≥8 weeks) treatment period. There were no serious adverse events in the Botulinum Toxin Type A groups. Conclusions This meta-analysis suggests that Botulinum Toxin Type A is effective and safe in the painful knee OA treatment. However, high-quality randomized controlled studies are still needed to further confirm our findings.

Marginal Accuracy of Milled Versus Cast Cobalt Chromium Alloys in Long Span Implant-Supported Frameworks: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-127
Author(s):  
Simone Shah ◽  
Deepak Nallaswamy ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Long Span ◽  
Electronic Search ◽  
Chromium Alloys ◽  
Randomised Control Trials ◽  
Larger Sample

Aim: To assess if milled cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy offers significantly better marginal accuracy than cast Co-Cr alloy for screw-retained long-span dental implant framework. Materials and Methods: A search PICO was formulated using suitable keywords and an electronic search was initiated. The databases of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Embase were searched for related articles. Bibliographies of randomised control trials and reviews, identified in the electronic search, were analysed for studies published outside the electronically searched journals. Electronic search identified 26 studies. A total of 16 studies were eliminated after reading the abstracts. Out of the remaining 10 studies, 3 were eliminated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and finally 7 studies were finalised for systematic review. Results Data were extracted from the included studies and analysed. The obtained data were suitable for meta-analysis, which showed an overall effect size z = 4.97 ( P < .001) at 95% CI showing a significant statistical difference between milled and cast Co-Cr frameworks. Conclusion: Milled cobalt chromium frameworks are significantly more accurate than cast frameworks for long-span implant-supported frameworks used in dental prosthetic rehabilitation. More randomized controlled trials need to be conducted with a larger sample size to get a more authentic conclusion in a clinical scenario.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin vs. Placebo in Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Qian ◽  
Fangjie Shao ◽  
Cameron Lenahan ◽  
Anwen Shao ◽  
Yingjun Li
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Botulinum Toxin ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious mental disorder that represents a substantial public health problem. Several trials have been undertaken to investigate the role of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of MDD, but the conclusions were controversial. To examine the efficacy and safety of BTX-A vs. placebo on patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods: A systematic search was conducted for all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed and Web of Science from inception to June 17, 2020. All published studies that investigated the efficacy and safety of BTX-A injections on patients with a clinical diagnosis of MDD were included. The overall effect size was summarized using a random-effects meta-analysis model. The primary outcomes of the present meta-analysis were the changes in depressive rating scale at week 6 after BTX-A injection compared with placebo. The safety of BTX-A injections also was assessed.Results: Five RCTs with a total of 417 participants (189 patients in the BTX-A group, 228 patients in placebo group) were eligible in this meta-analysis. The results indicated an overall positive effect of BTX-A injections for reducing the depressive symptoms of patients with MDD (Hedges' g, −0.82; 95% CI, −1.38 to −0.27) with large effect size. Differences are likely explained by the dose of BTX-As and the gender of the participants. Our findings also highlighted that BTX-A injections were generally well-tolerated, with only mild and temporary adverse events reported.Conclusions: The present meta-analysis provides evidence that BTX-A injections are associated with a statistically significant improvement in depressive symptoms. BTX-A injections are generally safe and may provide a new, alternative option for the treatment of depression.

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