Prevalence of parasites in selected captive bird species

2024 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Noor ◽  
A. Javid ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
S. M. Bukhari ◽  
I. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Psittacula Krameri ◽  
Raillietina Echinobothrida ◽  
Chukar Partridge ◽  
Animal Sciences

Abstract Blood and fecal samples of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar), albino pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), silver pheasant (Lophura nycthemera), rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) and turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) were analyzed to check parasitic prevalence. To record parasites these five avian species were placed kept in separate cages at Avian Conservation and Research Center, Department of Wildlife an Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan. 100 fecal and 100 blood samples for each bird species were inspected to analyze internal parasites. During present study, 17 species of endoparasites 14 from fecal samples and three from blood were examined. Two species of ectoparasites i.e. mite Dermanyssus gallinae 42% and fowl ticks Args persicus 41%were studied. Blood parasites included Plasmodium juxtanucleare 50%, Leucoctoyzoon simond having parasitic prevalence 40%, and Aegyptinella pullorum having parasitic prevalence of 40%. Parasitic species recorded from fecal samples included 6 species of nematodes viz. Allodpa suctoria 2%. Syngamus trachea with parasitic prevalence of 60%, Capillaria annulata 37.5%, Ascardia galli 24%, Capillaria anatis 40% and Heterakis gallinarum 28.3%. Similarly, two species of trematodes viz. Prosthogonimus ovatus having parasitic prevalence of 50% and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 21% were also documented from fecal avian samples . Single cestode species Raillietina echinobothrida having parasitic prevalence of 72% and 3 protozoan species i.e. Eimeria maxima having parasitic prevalence of 21%, Giardia lamblia 41% and Histomonas meleagridis 18% were documented during corpological analysis. In our recommendation, proper sanitation, medication and vaccination of bird’s enclousres are suggested to avoid parasites.

scholarly journals Studies on parasitic prevalence in pet birds from Punjab, Pakistan

2023 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sadaf ◽  
A. Javid ◽  
A. Hussain ◽  
S. M. Bukhari ◽  
S. M. Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meleagris Gallopavo ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Entire Body ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Chen Caerulescens ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Pet Birds ◽  
One Year

Abstract During this one year study, blood and fecal samples of doves (Zenaida asiatica), ducks (Anas platyrhynchos), pigeons (Columba livia), partridges (Alectoris chukar), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and goose (Chen caerulescens) were collected to assess the parasitic prevalence in these birds. The birds were kept at Avian Conservation and Research Center, Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore. All these avian species were kept in separate cages and their entire body was inspected on regularly basis to record external parasites. For internal parasites, 100 blood and 100 fecal samples for each species were analyzed. During present study, two species of ectoparasites i.e. fowl ticks (Args persicus) and mite (Dermanyssus gallinae) while 17 species of endoparasites; three from blood and 14 from fecal samples were identified. Prevalence of blood parasites was Plasmodium juxtanucleare 29.3%, Aegyptinella pullorum 15% and Leucoctoyzoon simond 13%. Parasitic species recorded from fecal samples included 6 species of nematodes viz. Syngamus trachea with parasitic prevalence of 50%, Capillaria anatis 40%, Capillaria annulata 37.5%, Heterakis gallinarum 28.3%, Ascardia galli 24% and Allodpa suctoria 2%. Similarly, two species of trematodes viz. Prosthogonimus ovatus having parasitic prevalence of 12.1% and Prosthogonimus macrorchis 9.1% were also recorded from fecal samples of the birds. Single cestode species Raillietina echinobothrida having parasitic prevalence of 27% and 3 protozoan species i.e. Eimeria maxima having prevalence 20.1%, Histomonas meleagridis 8% and Giardia lamblia 5.3% were recorded. In our recommendation, proper medication and sanitation of the bird’s houses and cages is recommended to avoid parasites.

scholarly journals Inconsistencies among secondary sources of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) introductions to the United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Moulton ◽  
Wendell P Cropper, Jr ◽  
Andrew J Broz
Keyword(s):  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Chukar Partridge

An important source of information concerning the fates of intentionally introduced exotic bird species has been collections of historical data that sometimes include species released, numbers released, locations of release, and establishment success. These data have been used to assess potential predictors of establishment success such as propagule pressure, site-level factors, and species characteristics. In order to better understand the limitations of such historical compilations, we compared data for the Chukar (Alectoris chukar) introductions to the USA from two often used compilations and from other sources associated with Chukar introduction programs. We found the major compilations of Long (1981) and Lever (1987) are inconsistent and likely to be incomplete, and inaccurate, in terms of the taxa introduced, the numbers introduced, and the fates of these introductions. Propagule pressure analyses have often assumed that every bird in every release must be summed to represent the propagule pressure necessary for establishment. We found, however, that large numbers of birds were released into states and counties with already established populations. Additionally, in numerous states very large numbers of Chukars were unsuccessfully released. We conclude that site-level factors were more important influences of establishment success than propagule pressure was.

scholarly journals Inconsistencies among secondary sources of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) introductions to the United States

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Moulton ◽  
Wendell P Cropper, Jr ◽  
Andrew J Broz
Keyword(s):  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
The United States ◽  
Establishment Success ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Chukar Partridge

An important source of information concerning the fates of intentionally introduced exotic bird species has been collections of historical data that sometimes include species released, numbers released, locations of release, and establishment success. These data have been used to assess potential predictors of establishment success such as propagule pressure, site-level factors, and species characteristics. In order to better understand the limitations of such historical compilations, we compared data for the Chukar (Alectoris chukar) introductions to the USA from two often used compilations and from other sources associated with Chukar introduction programs. We found the major compilations of Long (1981) and Lever (1987) are inconsistent and likely to be incomplete, and inaccurate, in terms of the taxa introduced, the numbers introduced, and the fates of these introductions. Propagule pressure analyses have often assumed that every bird in every release must be summed to represent the propagule pressure necessary for establishment. We found, however, that large numbers of birds were released into states and counties with already established populations. Additionally, in numerous states very large numbers of Chukars were unsuccessfully released. We conclude that site-level factors were more important influences of establishment success than propagule pressure was.

scholarly journals Prevalence and genetic diversity of avian haemosporidian parasites in wild bird species of the order Columbiformes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne R. Schumm ◽  
Dimitris Bakaloudis ◽  
Christos Barboutis ◽  
Jacopo G. Cecere ◽  
Cyril Eraud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Multiplex Pcr Assay ◽  
And Migration

AbstractDiseases can play a role in species decline. Among them, haemosporidian parasites, vector-transmitted protozoan parasites, are known to constitute a risk for different avian species. However, the magnitude of haemosporidian infection in wild columbiform birds, including strongly decreasing European turtle doves, is largely unknown. We examined the prevalence and diversity of haemosporidian parasites Plasmodium, Leucocytozoon and subgenera Haemoproteus and Parahaemoproteus in six species of the order Columbiformes during breeding season and migration by applying nested PCR, one-step multiplex PCR assay and microscopy. We detected infections in 109 of the 259 screened individuals (42%), including 15 distinct haemosporidian mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages, representing five H. (Haemoproteus), two H. (Parahaemoproteus), five Leucocytozoon and three Plasmodium lineages. Five of these lineages have never been described before. We discriminated between single and mixed infections and determined host species-specific prevalence for each parasite genus. Observed differences among sampled host species are discussed with reference to behavioural characteristics, including nesting and migration strategy. Our results support previous suggestions that migratory birds have a higher prevalence and diversity of blood parasites than resident or short-distance migratory species. A phylogenetic reconstruction provided evidence for H. (Haemoproteus) as well as H. (Parahaemoproteus) infections in columbiform birds. Based on microscopic examination, we quantified parasitemia, indicating the probability of negative effects on the host. This study provides a large-scale baseline description of haemosporidian infections of wild birds belonging to the order Columbiformes sampled in the northern hemisphere. The results enable the monitoring of future changes in parasite transmission areas, distribution and diversity associated with global change, posing a potential risk for declining avian species as the European turtle dove.

scholarly journals Ontogeny of aerial righting and wing flapping in juvenile birds

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 20140497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Evangelista ◽  
Sharlene Cam ◽  
Tony Huynh ◽  
Igor Krivitskiy ◽  
Robert Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Avian Flight ◽  
Body Roll ◽  
Chukar Partridge

Mechanisms of aerial righting in juvenile chukar partridge ( Alectoris chukar ) were studied from hatching to 14 days-post-hatching (dph). Asymmetric movements of the wings were used from 1 to 8 dph to effect progressively more successful righting behaviour via body roll. Following 8 dph, wing motions transitioned to bilaterally symmetric flapping that yielded aerial righting via nose-down pitch, along with substantial increases in vertical force production during descent. Ontogenetically, the use of such wing motions to effect aerial righting precedes both symmetric flapping and a previously documented behaviour in chukar (i.e. wing-assisted incline running) hypothesized to be relevant to incipient flight evolution in birds. These findings highlight the importance of asymmetric wing activation and controlled aerial manoeuvres during bird development and are potentially relevant to understanding the origins of avian flight.

scholarly journals Blood parasites in passerine birds from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Sebaio ◽  
Érika Martins Braga ◽  
Felipe Branquinho ◽  
Alan Fecchio ◽  
Miguel Ângelo Marini
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Blood Parasite ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Passerine Birds ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Low Prevalence

Parasites may lead bird species to extinction, affect host temporal and spatial population dynamics, alter community structure and alter individuals’ social status. We evaluated blood parasite prevalence and intensity according to bird families and species, among 925 birds that were caught in 2000 and 2001, in the Atlantic Forest in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. We applied Giemsa staining to thin blood smears, to detect blood parasites. The birds (n = 15.8%) in 11 families, were infected by at least one parasite genus, especially Muscicapidae (28.3%) and Conopophagidae (25%). Among the 146 infected birds, Plasmodium was detected in all bird families and had the highest prevalence (54.8%). Trypanosoma, Haemoproteus and microfilaria had lower prevalence rates (23.3, 23.3 and 2.1%, respectively). Birds caught during the rainy season were more infected than birds caught during the dry season. The overall low prevalence of blood parasites in birds is similar to the patterns found elsewhere in the Neotropical region.

scholarly journals Nutritional value of breast and thigh muscle of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) under intensive fattening conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radovan Jůzl ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Eva Straková ◽  
Lucie Rusníková ◽  
Miroslav Macháček ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Alectoris Chukar ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Chukar Partridge

The aim of our study was to evaluate the nutritional value of the breast and thigh muscle of chukar partridge (Alectoris chukar) under intensive fattening conditions. Commercial feeding mixtures for broilers were used. Live weight of 60 partridges (birds were not sexed) was controlled during 90 days of fattening. After the fattening was finished, 30 birds were selected to monitor the carcass yield. Breast and thigh muscle were used for chemical analysis of crude protein (Kjeldahl method), total lipids (fat analyser ANKOMXT10), ash (Muffle furnace - 550° C) and gross energy (calorimetry). Average values ​​of live weight were increasing in the course of fattening; at the end of fattening the live weight reached 0.452 kg. The carcass yield, breast muscle yield and thigh yield were evaluated (73.72%, 18.09%, 20.80%, respectively). Chemical analysis showed a highly significant difference (P ≤ 0.01) between the breast and thigh muscle for crude protein, fat, ash and gross energy. The ash content demonstrated a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between the breast and thigh muscle. This study brings new data on the nutritional value of the meat of chukar partridge that can be used for reccomendation of a suitable feeding mixture.

scholarly journals Parasitological survey on birds at some selected brazilian zoos

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Gonzalez Hofstatter ◽  
Ana Maria Aparecida Guaraldo
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Parasitological Survey ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Coccidian Species ◽  
Free Ranging

A parasitological survey was conducted at some zoos in the states of São Paulo and Paraná, Brazil, from 2009 to 2011. Several groups of birds were surveyed for fecal samples, but the most important was Psittacidae. Among the parasites, Eimeria (coccidian) and Capillaria, Ascaridia and Heterakis (nematodes) were observed in almost one third of the samples. Presence of a rich parasite fauna associated with captive birds seems to be an effect of captivity, since data on free-ranging birds indicate few or virtually no parasites at all. The discovery of new coccidian species during this survey reveals the need of more research on the subject as even well-known bird species have unknown parasites, but caution must be exercised in order to avoid descriptions of pseudoparasites.

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