scholarly journals Effect of doses and administration routes of 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
B.A. Nagayoshi ◽  
I.H.B. Vellano ◽  
A.C.I. Moraes ◽  
L.S. Gross ◽  
C.R. Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT Coturniculture has increased significantly in the last decades. There are several pathogens that can affect these birds. Among the diseases, fowl typhoid stands out as a disease with a potentially great impact to the poultry industry. The objective of this the study was to evaluate the effect of doses and administration routes of live 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Two hundred and fifty birds were used, divided into five groups: G1, oral vaccination with one dose; G2, oral vaccination with 2 doses; G3, subcutaneous vaccination with one dose; G4, subcutaneous vaccination with two doses and G5 not vaccinated. All birds from all five groups were challenged with SG at an age of 45 days. SG was quantified in the periods of one, four, seven and twelve days after the challenge. The presence of clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of the disease were observed. The groups vaccinated by subcutaneous route had a higher egg production and lower mortality rate. Birds receiving a dose of the vaccine by subcutaneous route also showed lower amount of SG in the liver and spleen seven days after the challenge.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological Changes of Experimentally Induced Fowl Cholera in Jinding Ducks

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Samad ◽  
MB Rahman ◽  
SML Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Fowl Cholera ◽  
Vascular Congestion ◽  
Chicken Isolate ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Severe Weakness

Clinicopathological changes of duck cholera were studied in 16-week-old 10 susceptible ( PHA titre≤8.00 ) Jinding breed ducks during the period from October 2002 to March 2003. Each of the experimental duck was inoculated with a virulent chicken isolate of Pasteurella multocida @ 5.4 x 106 CFU / ml per bird intramuscularly. The incubation period varied from 12 to 48 hours with 100% mortality rate between 24 to 72 hours of infection. These affected ducks showed clinical signs of fever, anorexia, dullness, depression, ruffled feathers, severe weakness, drowsiness, whitish diarrhoea with mucus, exudation from eyes, lameness and unable to hold the head with beak touching the ground before death. Necropsy examination of the dead ducks showed septicaemic conditions, blood vascular congestion, haemorrhagic enteritis, increased amount of pericardial and peritoneal fluids, swollen and sometimes congested liver with multiple necrotic foci on the parietal surface, enlarged and edematous heart with echymotic haemorrhages. Trachea and lungs were severely congested and haemorrhagic and serofibrinous exudates were seen in the lung, liver and heart. The P. multocida organism was reisolated from the swabs of liver and heart of all the dead ducks by standard bacteriological techniques. This study was confirmed the virulence and pathogenicity of chicken isolate of P. multocida in ducks.Key words: Experimental infection; Duck cholera; pathogenicity; clinicopathological changes DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v1i1.1910 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 1(1): 09-13

Pathological effects of formalin (37% formaldehyde) feeding in female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 415-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Khan ◽  
H A Bachaya ◽  
M Z Khan ◽  
F Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Higher Doses

The aim of this study was to determine the pathological effects of formalin on female quails. Seventy-five 1-day-old female Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonina) were divided into five equal groups (A–the eighth week. No clinical signs were observed in quails fed 2.5 mL formalin/kg feed. Depression, dullness and anorexia were prominent in quails fed 20 mL formalin/kg feed. Feed intake, body weight, egg production and egg weight together with absolute and relative weight of organs, erythrocyte and leukocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit were decreased at higher doses, i.e., 10 and 20 mL formalin/kg feed. Total serum proteins and globulin significantly increased (P B / 0.05) in all formalin fed quails compared to control birds. No gross lesions were observed in the 2.5 mL formalin/kg fed group. At higher doses (10 and 20 mL formalin/kg feed) hemorrhages on the thigh muscles, decreased weight and reduction in area and folds of different segments of oviduct were recorded. Reduced size of liver, heart and kidneys was recorded in quails fed 20 mL formalin/kg feed compared to controls and other birds. The histopathological changes in oviduct consisted of degeneration of mucosal glands characterized by vacuolation of nuclei of cells. It was concluded from the study that formalin feeding to female quails at 2.5 mL/kg feed is without harmful effects, however, higher doses are not without health risks.

scholarly journals Relationship between clinical symptomatology on the isolation of Salmonella Gallinarum of japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix)

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1194
Author(s):  
R.C. Rocha-e-Silva ◽  
W.M. Cardoso ◽  
R.V. Horn ◽  
C.M. Cavalcanti ◽  
A.J.F. Beleza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Ovarian Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Clinical Symptomatology ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT Salmonella Gallinarum is capable of causing high mortality in birds of the order Galliformes. This study aimed to relate the presence of clinical signs with the recovery of Salmonella Gallinarum from organs and c loacal swabs of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix) experimentally infected. A total of 70 female quails were housed in a pair per cage and divided in two groups (IG: quails inoculated with 1.5x106 CFU of Salmonella Gallinarum Nalr/mL and CG: control group). After the inoculation, birds were evaluated three times a day to verify the presence of clinical signs. Birds that presented ruffled feathers, eyes closed and remained quiet in the cage were removed for euthanasia, as well as the same number of birds from the inoculated groups that presented no clinical signs and from the control group. Cloacal swabbing was performed following euthanasia for the sampling of liver, spleen, caeca, ovarian follicles and lung for microbiological procedure. Quails with clinical signs and quails found dead presented positivity of 100%. While inoculated quails with no clinical signs presented a lower positivity (38.5%). Therefore, quails with septicemia caused by SG present clinical signs of the disease and the pathogen can be isolated and quantified in the organs.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in pangasius

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sarker ◽  
MAR Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Administration Method

Experimental infections of Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were studied. Five different challenge routes included intraperitoneal (IP) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, oral administration, bath and agar implantation were used with different preparations of the bacteria to infect fish. The challenge experiments were continued for 15 days. A challenge dose of 4.6×106 colony forming unit (cfu) fish-1 was used for IP and IM injection and oral administration method. Generally, IP route was found more effective for infecting and reproducing clinical signs in fish that caused 100% mortality at the end of challenge. IM injection, oral and bath administration routes were also found effective for infecting and reproducing the clinical signs in fish to some extent. Agar implantation with fresh colonies of bacteria also caused 100% mortality of challenged fish very quickly with no visible clinical signs in fish. The major clinical signs of challenged fish included reddening around eyes and mouth, bilateral exophthalmia, hemorrhage and ulceration at fin bases and fin erosion.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 392-399, 2016

scholarly journals Experimental infection of indigenous North African goats with goatpox virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Hamdi ◽  
Zahra Bamouh ◽  
Mohammed Jazouli ◽  
Meryem Alhyane ◽  
Najet Safini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North African ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Goatpox Virus

Abstract Background Goatpox is a viral disease caused by infection with goatpox virus (GTPV) of the genus Capripoxvirus, Poxviridae family. Capripoxviruses cause serious disease to livestock and contribute to huge economic losses. Goatpox and sheeppox are endemic to Africa, particularly north of the Equator, the Middle East and many parts of Asia. GTPV and sheeppox virus are considered host-specific; however, both strains can cause clinical disease in either goats or sheep with more severe disease in the homologous species and mild or sub-clinical infection in the other. Goatpox has never been reported in Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia despite the huge population of goats living in proximity with sheep in those countries. To evaluate the susceptibility and pathogenicity of indigenous North African goats to GTPV infection, we experimentally inoculated eight locally bred goats with a virulent Vietnamese isolate of GTPV. Two uninfected goats were kept as controls. Clinical examination was carried out daily and blood was sampled for virology and for investigating the antibody response. After necropsy, tissues were collected and assessed for viral DNA using real-time PCR. Results Following the experimental infection, all inoculated goats displayed clinical signs characteristic of goatpox including varying degrees of hyperthermia, loss of appetite, inactivity and cutaneous lesions. The infection severely affected three of the infected animals while moderate to mild disease was noticed in the remaining goats. A high antibody response was developed. High viral DNA loads were detected in skin crusts and nodules, and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 14.6 to 22.9, while lower viral loads were found in liver and lung (Ct = 35.7 and 35.1). The results confirmed subcutaneous tropism of the virus. Conclusion Clinical signs of goatpox were reproduced in indigenous North African goats and confirmed a high susceptibility of the North African goat breed to GTPV infection. A clinical scoring system is proposed that can be applied in GTPV vaccine efficacy studies.

scholarly journals Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Klaudia Chrzastek ◽  
Karen Segovia ◽  
Mia Torchetti ◽  
Mary Lee Killian ◽  
Mary Pantin-Jackwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Domestic Duck ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Virus Adaptation

In March 2017, highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast United States. Because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of AIVs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin H7N9 LPAIV in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original H7N9 clinical field samples used as inoculum. The results of the experimental infection demonstrated virus replication and transmission in chickens, with overt clinical signs of disease and shedding through both oral and cloacal routes. Unexpectedly, higher levels of virus shedding were observed in some cloacal swabs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified numerous non-synonymous mutations at the consensus level in the polymerase genes (i.e., PA, PB1, and PB2) and the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in viruses recovered from chickens, indicating possible virus adaptation in the new host. For comparison, NGS analysis of clinical samples obtained from duck specimen collected during the outbreak indicated three polymorphic sides in the M1 segment and a minor population of viruses carrying the D139N (21.4%) substitution in the NS1 segment. Interestingly, at consensus level, A/duck/Alabama (H7N9) had isoleucine at position 105 in NP protein, similar to HPAIV (H7N9) but not to LPAIV (H7N9) isolated from the same 2017 influenza outbreak in the US. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the H7N9 viruses could readily jump between avian species, which may have contributed to the evolution of the virus and its spread in the region.

​​Differential Disease Resistance of Indian Native Chicken Breeds to Experimental P. multocida Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Kannaki ◽  
E. Priyanka ◽  
M. Abhilash ◽  
Santosh Haunshi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Breeds

Background: Native chicken breeds are considered more disease tolerant than exotic chicken breeds especially for the bacterial diseases. Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja chicken breeds/ variety were evaluated for the disease tolerance/susceptibility pattern after experimental infection with P. multocida A:1 isolate. Methods: A total of 72 birds of three breeds viz., Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja (n=24 each) were divided into three groups. The birds were inoculated with 2.5x106 CFU/ml of virulent Pasteurella multocida A:1 isolate through intraperitoneal (I/P) and intranasal (I/N) routes at 12 weeks of age. Clinical signs, morbidity, mortality rates and lesions were observed in the infected birds. Result: The mortality rates were 83.3% in Assel breed against 100% in both Ghagus and Vanaraja breed in intraperitoneally infected groups. Upon intranasal infection, the mortality was 83.3% in Assel and Vanaraja breed against 100% in Ghagus breed. Aseel birds showed significantly better survivability and longer death time than Ghagus breed upon experimental infection with Pasteureall multocida A:1 isolate. Vanaraja breed showed tolerance comparable to Aseel in experimental infection via intranasal route.

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