scholarly journals Experimental infection of Aeromonas hydrophila in pangasius

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sarker ◽  
MAR Faruk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Colony Forming Unit ◽  
Experimental Infections ◽  
Administration Method

Experimental infections of Aeromonas hydrophila in juvenile pangasius (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) were studied. Five different challenge routes included intraperitoneal (IP) injection, intramuscular (IM) injection, oral administration, bath and agar implantation were used with different preparations of the bacteria to infect fish. The challenge experiments were continued for 15 days. A challenge dose of 4.6×106 colony forming unit (cfu) fish-1 was used for IP and IM injection and oral administration method. Generally, IP route was found more effective for infecting and reproducing clinical signs in fish that caused 100% mortality at the end of challenge. IM injection, oral and bath administration routes were also found effective for infecting and reproducing the clinical signs in fish to some extent. Agar implantation with fresh colonies of bacteria also caused 100% mortality of challenged fish very quickly with no visible clinical signs in fish. The major clinical signs of challenged fish included reddening around eyes and mouth, bilateral exophthalmia, hemorrhage and ulceration at fin bases and fin erosion.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 392-399, 2016

Immunological Studies on Experimental Infection of Pigs with Ascaris suum Goeze, 1782. III.—The Antibody Response and Acquired Immunity

1964 ◽  
Vol 38 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 129-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Taffs
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Absorption Test ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Larval Migration ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Two Peaks

Two experiments are described in which antibodies against A. suum were detected in the circulation of infected pigs by means of the conglutinating complement absorption test. The pattern and nature of the antibody response was studied. In 21 out of 24 cases the sera antibody titres rose after test doses of infective eggs were given, and on 18 of these occasions a rise in titre was observed within seven days. Following infection two peaks of antibody were detected. At three to four weeks the antibody content of the serum reached its highest concentration, and a further rise was apparent between the 37th and 56th days.The phenomenon of “self-cure” was demonstrated following reinfection. This was manifested by a depression of the egg count and the elimination of Ascaris worms from the intestine, with a concomitant rise in the antibody content of the serum.In three out of five pigs which were initially infected, the infection became patent between the 51st and 58th days. On only one occasion out of thirteen were any superimposed larvae able to reach maturity.Pigs which had been previously infected exhibited resistance to a challenge dose. This was shown by (1) the absence of clinical signs, (2) a resistance to larval migration, and (3) an inhibition of larval growth. In this demonstration of an active acquired immunity to A. suum infection in pigs, a correlation between resistance and high sera titres was observed.

scholarly journals Prospect use of Phaleria macrocarpa to prevent motile aeromonad septicaemia disease in Patin Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
D. Wahjuningrum ◽  
S.L. Angka ◽  
W. Lesmanawati ◽  
. Sa’diyah ◽  
M. Yuhana
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Pangasianodon Hypophthalmus ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

<p>Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) disease is one of bacterial disease frequently infecting freshwater fishes including patin<em> </em>catfish <em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</em>.  This study was performed to determine antimicrobial of <em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em> (PM) and its potency against MAS disease caused by <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em>.  The in vitro susceptibility test was performed by pour plate methods at the dosages of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/l PM. At the in vivo test, fish were fed with the addition of PM into the diet at a dosage of 6, 12, and 18 g/l and 0 g/l as a control for 8 days. At ninth day, fish were infected with <em>A.hydrophila</em>. For seven days after infection the clinical signs and blood pictures were observed. The in vitro test indicated that PM had an antibacterial effect to <em>A.hydrophila</em> at the dosage of 6 g/l. Addition of PM in the diet for 8 days increased haemoglobine. The results showed that lowest clinical sign and smallest number of in fected fish was found at dosage of 12 g/l PM. PM can be used as a preventive method for MAS.</p> <p>Keywords:  <em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em>, antibacterial, "patin", MAS disease, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em></p> <p> </p> <p>Abstrak</p> <p>Penyakit MAS (<em>Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia</em>) merupakan penyakit bakterial yang banyak menyerang ikan-ikan air tawar termasuk patin <em>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</em>. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan antibakteri dari mahkota dewa (MD) <em>Phaleria macrocarpa</em> terhadap <em>Aeromonas hydrophila </em>penyebab penyakit MAS dan potensinya dalam pencegahan penyakit ini.  Pada uji <em>in vitro</em> dilakukan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri MD terhadap <em>A. hydrophila</em> dengan metode hitungan cawan pada dosis MD 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g/l. Pada uji <em>in vivo</em>, ikan uji diberi pakan yang dicampur MD dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 0 g/l (kontrol +), 6, 12, dan 18 g/l, selama 8 hari. Pada hari kesembilan ikan disuntik dengan <em>A. hydrophila</em> dan pengamatan dilanjutkan selama 7 hari, meliputi pengamatan gejala klinis dan gambaran darah.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa MD bersifat antibakteri terhadap <em>A. hydrophila</em> dengan dosis efektif 6 g/l. Pemberian MD selama 8 hari dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, jumlah lekosit, serta meningkatkan kemampuan fagositik darah. Dosis MD sebesar 12 g/l menunjukkan hasil paling baik yang ditunjang oleh gejala klinis paling ringan (sampai tahap nekrosis), dengan jumlah ikan yang terinfeksi paling sedikit (45%) dan waktu penyembuhan paling cepat (hari ke 6). Dengan demikian, MD dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyakit MAS.</p> <p>Kata kunci:  mahkota dewa, antibakterial, ikan patin, penyakit MAS, <em>Aeromonas hydrophila</em></p>

scholarly journals Effect of doses and administration routes of 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 499-504
Author(s):  
B.A. Nagayoshi ◽  
I.H.B. Vellano ◽  
A.C.I. Moraes ◽  
L.S. Gross ◽  
C.R. Padovani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Subcutaneous Route ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Administration Routes ◽  
Japanese Quails

ABSTRACT Coturniculture has increased significantly in the last decades. There are several pathogens that can affect these birds. Among the diseases, fowl typhoid stands out as a disease with a potentially great impact to the poultry industry. The objective of this the study was to evaluate the effect of doses and administration routes of live 9R vaccine on protection of Japanese quails against experimental infection with Salmonella Gallinarum (SG). Two hundred and fifty birds were used, divided into five groups: G1, oral vaccination with one dose; G2, oral vaccination with 2 doses; G3, subcutaneous vaccination with one dose; G4, subcutaneous vaccination with two doses and G5 not vaccinated. All birds from all five groups were challenged with SG at an age of 45 days. SG was quantified in the periods of one, four, seven and twelve days after the challenge. The presence of clinical signs and macroscopic lesions of the disease were observed. The groups vaccinated by subcutaneous route had a higher egg production and lower mortality rate. Birds receiving a dose of the vaccine by subcutaneous route also showed lower amount of SG in the liver and spleen seven days after the challenge.

scholarly journals Experimental Infection of Dogs with Toscana Virus and Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus to Determine Their Potential as Possible Vertebrate Hosts

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Clara Muñoz ◽  
Nazli Ayhan ◽  
Maria Ortuño ◽  
Juana Ortiz ◽  
Ernest A. Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Anamnestic Response

The sandfly-borne Toscana phlebovirus (TOSV), a close relative of the sandfly fever Sicilian phlebovirus (SFSV), is one of the most common causes of acute meningitis or meningoencephalitis in humans in the Mediterranean Basin. However, most of human phlebovirus infections in endemic areas either are asymptomatic or cause mild influenza-like illness. To date, a vertebrate reservoir for sandfly-borne phleboviruses has not been identified. Dogs are a prime target for blood-feeding phlebotomines and are the primary reservoir of human sandfly-borne Leishmania infantum. However, there are no definitive studies to assess whether dogs play a significant role as a reservoir host for human phlebovirus survival in the environment. Here, we have evaluated the susceptibility of domestic dogs to infection by TOSV and SFSV following the direct inoculation of the infectious virus. After experimental infection, the presence of viral RNA was investigated in plasma, urine, saliva, conjunctiva, faeces, semen, and bone marrow samples from 0 to 91 days postinoculation (dpi), as well as in plasma, saliva, and tears samples at 760 dpi. None of the challenged dogs developed clinical signs of infection with either TOSV or SFSV. SFSV RNA was never detected. TOSV RNA was not in any of the specimen types, except for plasma samples that showed low viral loads, although irregularly. None of the dogs developed detectable neutralizing antibodies after a single challenge dose of either TOSV or SFSV. However, a second challenge dose of virus given 56 days later elicited neutralizing antibodies, implying that the first inoculation of virus primed the animals for an anamnestic response following the second challenge. These results demonstrated that healthy domestic dogs are not highly susceptible to infection by TOSV or SFSV and do not develop significant viremia or excrete virus following infection. Consequently, dogs are unlikely natural reservoir hosts of infection and do not appear to play a significant role in phlebovirus transmission cycles.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of indigenous North African goats with goatpox virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihane Hamdi ◽  
Zahra Bamouh ◽  
Mohammed Jazouli ◽  
Meryem Alhyane ◽  
Najet Safini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
North African ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Goatpox Virus

Abstract Background Goatpox is a viral disease caused by infection with goatpox virus (GTPV) of the genus Capripoxvirus, Poxviridae family. Capripoxviruses cause serious disease to livestock and contribute to huge economic losses. Goatpox and sheeppox are endemic to Africa, particularly north of the Equator, the Middle East and many parts of Asia. GTPV and sheeppox virus are considered host-specific; however, both strains can cause clinical disease in either goats or sheep with more severe disease in the homologous species and mild or sub-clinical infection in the other. Goatpox has never been reported in Morocco, Algeria or Tunisia despite the huge population of goats living in proximity with sheep in those countries. To evaluate the susceptibility and pathogenicity of indigenous North African goats to GTPV infection, we experimentally inoculated eight locally bred goats with a virulent Vietnamese isolate of GTPV. Two uninfected goats were kept as controls. Clinical examination was carried out daily and blood was sampled for virology and for investigating the antibody response. After necropsy, tissues were collected and assessed for viral DNA using real-time PCR. Results Following the experimental infection, all inoculated goats displayed clinical signs characteristic of goatpox including varying degrees of hyperthermia, loss of appetite, inactivity and cutaneous lesions. The infection severely affected three of the infected animals while moderate to mild disease was noticed in the remaining goats. A high antibody response was developed. High viral DNA loads were detected in skin crusts and nodules, and subcutaneous tissue at the injection site with cycle threshold (Ct) values ranging from 14.6 to 22.9, while lower viral loads were found in liver and lung (Ct = 35.7 and 35.1). The results confirmed subcutaneous tropism of the virus. Conclusion Clinical signs of goatpox were reproduced in indigenous North African goats and confirmed a high susceptibility of the North African goat breed to GTPV infection. A clinical scoring system is proposed that can be applied in GTPV vaccine efficacy studies.

scholarly journals Virus Adaptation Following Experimental Infection of Chickens with a Domestic Duck Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza Isolate from the 2017 USA H7N9 Outbreak Identifies Polymorphic Mutations in Multiple Gene Segments

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Klaudia Chrzastek ◽  
Karen Segovia ◽  
Mia Torchetti ◽  
Mary Lee Killian ◽  
Mary Pantin-Jackwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Domestic Duck ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Synonymous Mutations ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Virus Adaptation

In March 2017, highly pathogenic (HP) and low pathogenic (LP) avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H7N9 were detected from poultry farms and backyard birds in several states in the southeast United States. Because interspecies transmission is a known mechanism for evolution of AIVs, we sought to characterize infection and transmission of a domestic duck-origin H7N9 LPAIV in chickens and genetically compare the viruses replicating in the chickens to the original H7N9 clinical field samples used as inoculum. The results of the experimental infection demonstrated virus replication and transmission in chickens, with overt clinical signs of disease and shedding through both oral and cloacal routes. Unexpectedly, higher levels of virus shedding were observed in some cloacal swabs. Next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis identified numerous non-synonymous mutations at the consensus level in the polymerase genes (i.e., PA, PB1, and PB2) and the hemagglutinin (HA) receptor binding site in viruses recovered from chickens, indicating possible virus adaptation in the new host. For comparison, NGS analysis of clinical samples obtained from duck specimen collected during the outbreak indicated three polymorphic sides in the M1 segment and a minor population of viruses carrying the D139N (21.4%) substitution in the NS1 segment. Interestingly, at consensus level, A/duck/Alabama (H7N9) had isoleucine at position 105 in NP protein, similar to HPAIV (H7N9) but not to LPAIV (H7N9) isolated from the same 2017 influenza outbreak in the US. Taken together, this work demonstrates that the H7N9 viruses could readily jump between avian species, which may have contributed to the evolution of the virus and its spread in the region.

Trimethylaminuria (‘fish-odour syndrome’): A study of an affected family

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makram Al-Waiz ◽  
Riad Ayesh ◽  
Stephen C. Mitchell ◽  
Jeffrey R. Idle ◽  
Robert L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Autosomal Recessive ◽  
Oral Challenge ◽  
Recessive Trait ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Trait ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Family ◽  
Body Odour

1. Beginning with a single propositus, who had been previously diagnosed at the age of 10 as suffering from trimethylaminuria (fish-odour syndrome), both her parents and two sisters were investigated biochemically with respect to their ability to N-oxidize trimethylamine (TMA), both when derived from the diet and when administered exogenously. 2. Both the propositus and a second sister were markedly deficient in their ability to N-oxidize TMA, both when derived from the diet and when given as such; furthermore, both siblings readily developed the symptoms of fish-odour syndrome as characterized by a strong objectionable breath and body odour shortly after the oral administration of TMA (300 mg). 3. At this dose level of TMA, neither of the parents nor the third sister showed any evidence of impaired N-oxidation ability nor did they experience any ‘fish-odour’ symptoms. 4. With an oral challenge of 600 mg of TMA, both the parents showed a clear impairment of N-oxidation capacity which was not seen in six healthy unrelated volunteers. Both parents experienced a fish-odour syndrome at this level of TMA challenge. 5. The family data support the hypothesis that trimethylaminuria is an inborn error in the ability to N-oxidize TMA which is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Furthermore, experience with this family suggests that an oral challenge dose with 600 mg of TMA may be used to identify carriers of the condition.

​​Differential Disease Resistance of Indian Native Chicken Breeds to Experimental P. multocida Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Kannaki ◽  
E. Priyanka ◽  
M. Abhilash ◽  
Santosh Haunshi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Intranasal Route ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Death Time ◽  
Native Chicken ◽  
Chicken Breeds

Background: Native chicken breeds are considered more disease tolerant than exotic chicken breeds especially for the bacterial diseases. Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja chicken breeds/ variety were evaluated for the disease tolerance/susceptibility pattern after experimental infection with P. multocida A:1 isolate. Methods: A total of 72 birds of three breeds viz., Aseel, Ghagus and Vanaraja (n=24 each) were divided into three groups. The birds were inoculated with 2.5x106 CFU/ml of virulent Pasteurella multocida A:1 isolate through intraperitoneal (I/P) and intranasal (I/N) routes at 12 weeks of age. Clinical signs, morbidity, mortality rates and lesions were observed in the infected birds. Result: The mortality rates were 83.3% in Assel breed against 100% in both Ghagus and Vanaraja breed in intraperitoneally infected groups. Upon intranasal infection, the mortality was 83.3% in Assel and Vanaraja breed against 100% in Ghagus breed. Aseel birds showed significantly better survivability and longer death time than Ghagus breed upon experimental infection with Pasteureall multocida A:1 isolate. Vanaraja breed showed tolerance comparable to Aseel in experimental infection via intranasal route.

REGROWTH AND OVERGROWTH OF THE THYMUS AFTER ATROPHY INDUCED BY THE ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF ADRENOCORTICOSTEROIDS TO HUMAN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 762-770
Author(s):  
John Caffey ◽  
Robert Silbey
Keyword(s):  
Oral Administration ◽  
Cardiac Catheterization ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Cardiac Image ◽  
Rapid Regrowth

The oral administration of adrenocorti-costeroids provokes rapid atrophy of the thymus which is followed consistently, after stoppage of the steroid, by rapid regrowth of the thymus and, in some cases, over-growth. Steroid-induced shrinkage of the thymus makes possible visualization of the true cardiac image which is often masked by the overlapping lobes of a large thymus. Such shrinkage may prevent the spurious diagnosis of cardiomegaly, and the use of more elaborate and hazardous methods such as opaque angiocardiography and cardiac catheterization. Steroid shrinkage of the thymus is indicated only in patients who have cardiac signs and symptoms combined with enlarged deformed mediastinums in which the true cardiac image cannot be seen radiographically. Steroid shrinkage is not indicated in patients who have cardiac signs and symptoms combined with small mediastinums, or in patients who have large mediastinums without cardiac signs and symptoms. Steroid shrinkage should not be tried when there are other factors which suggest greater than the probable benefits to be derived from their use. Massive rapid regrowth of the thymus following steroid-inducing atrophy was not associated with clinical signs or symptoms in any of our cases.

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