Use of sugar cane to feed lactating dairy goats

ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of replacing corn silage with sugarcane in the diet of lactating Saanen goats and to determine their intake and digestibility of nutrients, ingestive behavior, milk yield and composition. The experimental diets were composed of increasing levels (0, 33, 66 and 100%) of substitution in dry matter (DM). Twelve multiparous Saanen goats, with an average body weight of 45.2kg, average milk yield of 3.0kg day-1, distributed in a triple latin square experimental design (4 × 4) were used. The dry matter intake (DMI) and other nutrients were estimated through the difference between the total nutrient in the food offered and its total in the leftovers. The DMI, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients were not influenced, but the apparent digestibility of DM and NDF decreased. Feeding time and feeding efficiency were not influenced, the rumination and total chewing times increased, and the leisure time decreased, both linearly. Milk yield was not influenced by substitution levels, but corrected milk yield to 3.5% fat decreased. Sugar cane represents a dietary alternative for goats with medium milk yield in critical periods of forage, since it does not change the consumption of DM and milk yield, even with the apparent declining digestibility of some nutrients, influencing the ingestive behavior of the animals.

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Effect of replacing Tifton Hay with Guandu Hay on intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v42i1.50840 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. e50840

Author(s):

Priscila Bernardo de Andrade ◽

Erica Beatriz Schultz ◽

Bruno Joaninho de Assis Villar ◽

Ana Caroline Ramos Teles da Silva ◽

Letícia dos Santos Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Water Intake ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Fiber Digestibility

The purpose was to evaluate the effect of replacement of Tifton 85 hay with Guandu hay on the intake, digestibility and ingestive behavior of dairy goats. Five Saanen goats with average milk production of 2.26 ± 0.10 kg d-1, around 123 ± 4 days of lactation were assigned to a 5 x 5 Latin square design. The treatments consisted of five levels of replacement with Guandu: 0, 8.4, 16.8, 25.2, or 36.4 %. We sampled the food offered, leftovers and feces to calculate intake and digestibility, and the ingestive behavior was monitored for 24 hours. Regression analysis was applied with 5% significance. The nutrient intake and the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein decreased linearly with increasing levels of Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). On the other hand, the neutral detergent fiber digestibility increased linearly, without change the water intake and ingestive behavior with replacement levels of Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the diet (p < 0.05). The replacement of up to 36.4% Tifton hay with Guandu hay in the dairy goat diet reduces the intake and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein, and increasesfiber digestibility, without changing the ingestive behavior and water intake.

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Partial replacement of corn by forage cactus in the diets of lactating goats

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n2p969 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 969 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julianne Santiago Silva Goveia ◽

Veronaldo Souza de Oliveira ◽

Gladston Rafael De Arruda Santos ◽

Karla Dias Antunes Melo ◽

Aline Guimarães de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Latin Square ◽

Gliricidia Sepium ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Lactating Goats ◽

Body Weights ◽

Daily Milk Production

The objective of this trial was to evaluate the effect of the partial replacement of corn by forage cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) in the diets of lactating goats on the nutrient intake, milk production and composition and ingestive behavior. Five crossbreed Saanen x Pardo Alpina goats with body weights of 47 ± 3.3 kg were used in the study. The design was 5x5 Latin square design, in which the treatments were as follows: 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40% of girl cactus included in the diet as a partial replacement of corn, with 0, 18, 36, 54 and 72% of the added the cactus comprising of gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium (Jacq) Walp) as roughage in all treatments. Treatment did not affect (P > 0.05) the dry matter intake, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and total digestible nutrients with the increasing levels of cactus in the diet, presenting means of 1.64, 0.26, 0.82, 0.54 and 1.17 kg day-1, respectively. In the same way, no influence was observed on the daily milk production and levels of fat, protein, lactose and total solids of milk, which averaged 1.18 kg day-1; 3.74, 3.34, 5.06 and 13.56%, respectively. The inclusion of cactus also had no influence (P > 0.05) on the ingestion behavior. The treatment with 35% cactus showed a lower impairment of food intake (31%). The partial replacement of the corn by the girl cactus in the diets of dairy goats can be accomplished because it does not alter the intake, milk yield and composition and feeding behavior. The replacement of up to 54% corn by the cactus is recommended to reduce producer costs for food.

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Effects of source and concentration of neutral detergent fiber from roughage in beef cattle diets on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa107 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

Author(s):

Rodrigo S Goulart ◽

Ricardo A M Vieira ◽

Joao L P Daniel ◽

Rafael C Amaral ◽

Vanessa P Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beef Cattle ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Rumen Content ◽

Residence Times

Abstract The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of source and concentration of α-amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber (aNDF) from roughage on feed intake, ingestive behavior, and ruminal kinetics in beef cattle receiving high-concentrate diets. Six ruminally cannulated Nellore steers (408 ± 12 kg of body weight) were randomly assigned to a 6 × 6 Latin square design with six diets: 10% aNDF from corn silage (10CS); 20% aNDF from corn silage (20CS); or four diets containing 10% aNDF from corn silage and 10% aNDF from one of the following sources: sugarcane (SC), sugarcane bagasse (SCB), soybean hulls (SH), or low oil cottonseed hulls (LOCH). The parameters of passage and degradation kinetics were estimated based on a two-compartmental model with gamma- and exponential-distributed residence times. The nonlinear models were fitted by nonlinear least squares, and a linear mixed-effects model was fitted to all variables measured from the Latin square design that were related to intake, digestibility, digestion kinetic parameters, and residence times. Mean particle size (MPS) between roughage sources (CS, SCB, and SC) and coproducts (SH and LOCH) was affected (P < 0.05). Dry matter intake (DMI) was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SC, SH, or LOCH. Steers fed 20CS or LOCH diets had 16% and 20% greater DMI, respectively, (P < 0.05) than steers fed 10CS diet. Steers fed SCB consumed the least dry matter (DM). The SH and LOCH diets had lower MPS values (about 8.77 mm) in comparison to 20CS, SCB, and SC diets (about 13.08 mm) and, consequently, affected (P < 0.05) rumen content, ruminal in situ disappearance, nutrient digestibility, and solid fractional passage rate. Chewing time was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage sources and concentration. Lower values of distance travel inside the rumen (min/cm) were observed (P < 0.05) for the SCB and SC diets in comparison with any other diet. Except for SCB, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in rumen fill, among other treatments. Mean daily ruminal pH was not affected (P > 0.05) by 20CS, SCB, SC, and LOCH diets, and it ranged from 6.1 to 6.23. Total short-chain fatty acids concentration was affected (P < 0.05) by roughage source and concentration. Based on our results, we recommend that under Brazilian finishing diets, replacing roughage sources, except for SCB, based on aNDF concentration of the roughage in high-concentrate diets containing finely ground flint corn does not affect DMI.

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Native and introduced forage cacti in Saanen dairy goat diets

Acta Scientiarum Animal Sciences ◽

10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.51029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e51029

Author(s):

Pedro Etelvino de Góes Neto ◽

José Geraldo Medeiros da Silva ◽

Emerson Moreira de Aguiar ◽

Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽

Guilherme Ferreira da Costa Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dairy Goat ◽

Ether Extract ◽

Dairy Goats ◽

Total Carbohydrates

This study aimed to assess the nutrient intake and milk production of dairy goats fed with total mixed rations with different species of forage cacti. Five pluriparous Saanen goats (50 ± 4 kg) at nine weeks of lactation were allocated in a Latin square (5 x 5) with five diets and five periods. Each period was composed of 10 days for adaptation and seven days for collection. The treatments were composed of 473.0 to 501.0 g kg-1 of forage cacti: xiquexique (Pilosocereus gounellei), mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru), facheiro (Pilosocereus chrysostele), cactus cladodes cv. miúda (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm-Dyck) and cactus cladodes cv. orelha de elefante mexicana (Opuntia stricta); plus sabiá hay (Mimosa caesalpiniifolia) (188.0 to 198.0 g kg-1) and concentrate (311.0 to 329.0 g kg-1). The intake of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, total carbohydrates, and water intake through diet components were unaffected by experimental diets. For milk production and feed efficiency, no difference was observed among the diets. All diets containing different species of forage cacti can be used for dairy goats feed.

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Effects of inclustion and exposition times of sugar cane to calcium oxide on the physiologic and digestive parameters of Nellore heifers

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982010000700026 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 39 (7) ◽

pp. 1579-1586 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Douglas dos Santos Pina ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

José Augusto Gomes Azevêdo ◽

Analívia Martins Barbosa ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Titanium Dioxide ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Chromium Oxide ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Ruminal Ph ◽

Storage Times

It was aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion and times of sugar cane exposition to whitewash on intake and total and partial digestibility of nutrients and ruminal parameters and to compare titanium dioxide and chromium oxide as markers to estimate fecal dry matter excretion and dry matter abomasal flow. It was used six rumen and abomasum cannulated Nellore females, with average body weight of 250 ± 19 kg, distributed in an incomplete 6 x 6 latin square design. The experiment was set in a 3 x 2 factorial scheme with three levels of whitewash (0; 0.5 or 1.0% natural matter) and two times of sugar cane storage (0 and 3 days). There was no effect of storage times neither interaction among levels of whitewash and storage times on the intake of nutrients. However, levels of whitewash linearly increased consumption of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM) and non-fibrous carbohidrates (NFC).Storage times reduced total apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ash and protein (NDFap), but they did influence ruminal apparent digestibility of the nutrients. The inclusion of whitewash increased the consumption of total digestible nutrients (TDN), but it did not affect total digestibility and ruminal digestibility of the nutrients. The markers produced similar results for the estimates of total and ruminal apparent digestibility of all the evaluated nutrients. Interactions for ruminal pH were observed. However, values of amonical nitrogen were only influenced by sampling times. Addition of whitewash does not affect preservation of sugarcane, but it positively influences consumption of DM, OM, and TDN of the animals. The markers produced similar estimative to total tract and ruminal apparent digestibility of all nutrients. Titanium dioxide and chromium oxide markers produce similar estimates of digestibility.

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Total and partial digestibility, rates of digestion obtained with rumen evacuation and microbial protein synthesis in bovines fed fresh or ensiled sugar cane and corn silage

Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/s1516-35982011000500023 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1104-1113 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Gustavo Chamon de Castro Menezes ◽

Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽

Felipe Antunes Magalhães ◽

Rilene Ferreira Diniz Valadares ◽

Lays Débora Mariz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxide ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Corn Silage ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Average Weight ◽

Passage Rate ◽

Intestinal Digestibility

It was evaluated intake, rumen and intestinal digestibility and passage and digestion rates in bovines fed diets constituted of corn silage, crushed sugar cane and given fresh, crushed sugar cane and given after 72 hours of storage, ensiled sugar cane with 1% of calcium oxide and with no treatment and a same concentrate fixed at 1% of body weight. All roughage was corrected to contain 10% of crude protein. It was used five rumen-fistulated bovine with average weight of 240 ± 15 kg, distributed in a 5 × 5 Latin square. Abomasum and total fecal collection and two rumen evacuations were carried out in the morning. Animals fed corn silage based diet presented greater rumen digestibility of the protein and intestinal digestibility of the ether extract, greater intake and passage of dry matter, justifying greater intakes of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber corrected for protein and ash (NDFap). The greatest passage rates in animals fed fresh sugar cane based diet justify greater intakes of dry matter and NDFap in relation to the one observed with sugar cane silage supply. Animal consuming corn silage diets present greater dry matter passage rate and NDFap digestion. Diets with fresh sugar cane, stored or not, favor dry matter passage rate and intake, in relation to ensiled sugar cane. The use of calcium oxide in the ensilage does not improve nutrient digestibility neither passage rate of the diet. Sugar cane stored for 72 hours has digestible traits similar to the ones of fresh sugar cane.

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Soybean hulls and / or white oat grains on the ingestive behavior of confined steers

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n5p1925 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 1925

Author(s):

Guilherme Joner ◽

Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽

Andrei Retamoso Mayer ◽

Patrícia Machado Martini Cattelam ◽

Camille Carijo Domingues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Block Design ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Raw Material ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Soybean Hulls ◽

Significance Level ◽

Significant Difference

Dry matter and neutral detergent fiber contents act as physical regulators of voluntary intake in ruminants. Therefore, different levels of these components may interfere with animal performance and require careful assessment of the used raw material. This study was conducted with the purpose to assess the effect of soybean hulls and white oat in distinct or associated uses in the concentrate diet on the ingestive behavior of cattle. Thirty-six steers with an initial mean age of 20 months and initial mean weight of 226 kg were used. The diet was composed of 50% sorghum silage and 50% concentrate based on dry matter. The tested diets were soybean hulls (concentrate fraction composed mainly of soybean hulls), white oat grains (concentrate fraction composed mainly of white oat grains), and mixture (concentrate fraction composed of equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains). The experimental design was a randomized block design with 12 animals per diet. The data were compared by the PROC MIXED procedure with repeated measures in time, and the means were compared by the least significant difference test at 5% significance level. Diets presented different contents of neutral detergent fiber (66, 56, and 47%) and lignin (3.2, 3.7, and 4.1%) as the percentage of white oat grain increased in the diet. The total rumination time was lower (447 minutes) for animals that received equal parts of soybean hulls and white oat grains in the diet when compared to animals receiving a diet containing soybean hulls (483 minutes) and white oat grains (495 minutes), with no difference from each other. Animals fed a diet containing soybean hulls and white oat grains showed longer feeding time, a higher number of daily meals, shorter rumination time, shorter time spent chewing, and fewer number of chews per bolus and day. This diet results in a better dry matter and neutral detergent fiber rumination efficiencies.

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Ingestive behavior of finishing sheep fed detoxified castor bean meal

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/0034-737x201663030007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 323-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Daniel Cézar da Silva ◽

Beatriz Dantas Fernandes ◽

Jéssica Monique dos Santos Lima ◽

Francisco Jocélio Cavalcante de Souza ◽

Miguel Arcanjo Moreira Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Meal ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Northeastern Brazil ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Fiber Intake ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Bean Meal

ABSTRACT Castor bean crops stand out in the Northeastern Brazil for oil production, producing coproducts with potential for animal diets. Thus, this work evaluated the effect on ingestive behavior when 0, 33, 67 and 100% of detoxified castor bean meal (DCBM) were included to substitute soy bean meal in diets for sheep. The randomized blocks design was used with five sheep in each treatment. Dry matter intake and neutral detergent fiber intake were not affected (P > .05) by the inclusion of DCBM in the diet, with means of 1362.6 and 582.98 g/animal/day, respectively. Substitution of soybean meal by DCBM did not affect (P > .05) times of rumination, idle and total chewing, with averages of 181.33, 347.04 and 366.24 minute/12 h, respectively. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was found for feeding time, with minimum of 164.56 min/12 h, when 60% of DCBM was included in the diet. A quadratic effect (P < .05) was verified for eating efficiency with maximum of 4.43 g DM/minute and 2.08 g NDF/minute. Rumination efficiency in g DM and NDF/minute were not affected (P < .05), with means of 4.31 and 1.84, respectively. The substitution of soybean meal by DCBM decreases feeding time when 60% of it was used but does not influence the intake of DM and NDF, time spent in ruminating and idle, and total chewing time. The use of 60% of DCBM increases feeding efficiency of DM and NDF, and does not compromise the efficiency of rumination.

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Comportamento ingestivo de novilhos terminados em confinamento submetidos a padrões de fornecimento de energia

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n6p2703 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 2703

Author(s):

Amanda Farias de Moura ◽

Dari Celestino Alves Filho ◽

Ivan Luiz Brondani ◽

Diego Soares Machado ◽

Leonel Da Silva Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Idle Time ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Feeding Time ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Vigorous Growth ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

The One

This study aimed to verify the effects of supplying different energy patterns on ingestive behavior of feedlot-finished cattle. Twenty-seven pure and crossbred Charolais or Nellore steers with an initial average age and weight of 22 months and 252.8 kg, respectively, were used. Three treatments were carried out, two of them with an increasing rate of concentrate in the diet during the finishing period (IT5 and IT10) and one with constant roughage to concentrate ratio (CT). The experimental design was a completely randomized design with three treatments, five periods, and nine replications. Feeding time was higher for CT (4.31 hours) when compared to IT5 (3.85 hours). Steers from the treatment IT10 remained longer in lying leisure (8.14 hours) when compared to the treatment CT (7.24 hours). A superiority of chewing per ruminated bolus was observed in IT10 (58.59 seconds) when compared to IT5 (54.11 seconds) whereas a higher number of ruminated bolus was observed in TC5 (534.68 ruminated bolus day?1) when compared to IT10 (473.77 ruminated bolus day?1). Animals from CT presented a higher dry matter intake (9.54 kg day?1) than those from IT10 (8.63 kg day?1). Steers from CT and IT5 showed a higher NDF intake (3.63 and 3.58 kg NDF day?1, respectively) when compared to IT10 (3.29 kg NDF day?1). The constant energy pattern increases feeding time and dry matter intake. The one of less vigorous growth increases the number of bolus ruminated per day, while the one of more vigorous growth increases idle time and chews per bolus and decreases the intake of neutral detergent fiber.

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Comparison of In Vivo and In Vitro Digestibility in Donkeys

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112100 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2100

Author(s):

Sonia Tassone ◽

Riccardo Fortina ◽

Emanuela Valle ◽

Laura Cavallarin ◽

Federica Raspa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Latin Square ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

In Vitro Digestibility ◽

Need To Evaluate ◽

The Difference ◽

Vitro Data ◽

In Vitro Data

We compared in vivo and in vitro dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestibility in donkeys using feces as microbial inoculum. Four donkeys were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The animals were fed two types of hay, with or without flaked barley. For the in vivo procedure, total feces were collected for 6 days from each donkey; digestibility was calculated as the difference between ingested and excreted DM and NDF. For the in vitro procedure, donkey feces were buffered and used as microbial inoculum in an Ankom DaisyII Incubator; digestibility was estimated after 60 h of incubation. In vivo results showed that the addition of barley to hays did not change the digestibility values. In vivo estimates were higher than in vitro ones. The equations used to predict in vivo estimates from in vitro data were not reliable (R2 = 0.47 and 0.21; P = 0.003 and 0.078 for NDF and DM digestibility, respectively). Further studies need to evaluate different sample size and digestion times.

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