Alternative Control of Plant Pathogen Fungi Through Ethanolic Extracts of Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana Mill.)

The larvicidal potential of the crude ethanolic extracts (CEE) of the stem peel of Sapindus saponaria was evaluated against Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Lethal concentrations (LC), were calculated by preparing CEE solutions at different concentrations in distilled water. Larvae fasted for 14-21 days were utilized in the bioassays, after incubation of engorged females collected from infested environments frequented by dogs in several neighborhoods of Goiânia, GO. Bioassays were performed in a specially constructed biological chamber for testing botanical acaricides, acclimatized to 27±1ºC, RH>80%. The larvae were counted on filter paper envelopes impregnated with the solutions or distilled water and larval mortality observed after 48h. S. saponaria showed good larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC99 of 1994 and 3922ppm, respectively) and the results demonstrated its potential as a botanical acaricide and an alternative control measure for R. sanguineus.

Download Full-text

Prospecting for special metabolites and larvicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), collected in Tauá-CE against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i1.11868 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. e48410111868

Author(s):

Daniel Alves da Silva ◽

Jakson Fernandes Lima ◽

Glória Fernandes Lima ◽

Luiza Michelly Gonçalves Lima ◽

Luciel Narcísio Conceição Viana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Negative Control ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Alternative Control ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Phytochemical Study ◽

Study Results ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Ethanol Extracts

In the search for an alternative control against Aedes aegypti, many types of research are developed to discover substitutes for synthetic insecticides, including the use of oils, extracts, or active constituents from plants to find new insecticidal substances. The present work describes the phytochemical study results and evaluation of toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae of ethanol extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss collected in Tauá-CE. Phytochemical tests were performed by different methods involving colorimetric, precipitation reactions, various metabolites such as alkaloids, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, steroids, and flavonols, flavonones, triterpenoids was evident in the active extracts. For the toxicity tests, different concentrations of ethanolic extracts (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg / mL) were prepared with sterile distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide - DMSO (1%), and then 20 mL of each solution was added. And 25 3rd stage larvae in plastic cups. All bioassays were performed in quadruplicate. DMSO in an aqueous solution was used as a negative control. As a result, the tested extracts proved toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae, with an LC50 value higher than the control (10%) and ranging from 12% to 46%. The results obtained show that all extracts have an important pharmacological and toxicological potential. They deserve to be investigated in studies for the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds.

Download Full-text

Effect of ethanolic extracts of Persea Americana seed and zea mays silk on blood glucose levels, body and organ weights of alloxan- induced hyperglycemic Albino wistar rats

Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences ◽

10.4314/gjpas.v24i2.5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 153-168

Author(s):

A.J Okon ◽

D.J Etim ◽

A.I Daniel ◽

P.M Bobson ◽

A.E Asuquo

Keyword(s):

Zea Mays ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Persea Americana ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

The effect of ethanolic extracts of Persea americana seed and Zea mays silk on blood glucose levels, body and organ weights of alloxan- induced hyperglycemic Wistar rats was investigated using standard analytical techniques. Thirty male albino rats weighing 120-161g were randomly assigned to six groups of five rats each. Groups 3- 6 were test groups which received 400 mg/kg body weight Persea americana seed single extract, 400 mg/kg body weight Zea mays silk single extract, 400 mg/kg body weight combined extract of Persea americana seed and Zea mays silk and 500 mg/kg body weight combined extract of Persea americana seed and Zea mays silk repectively. Group 1 and 2 served as normal and diabetic controls respectively. Diabetes was induced using 170mg/kg body weight alloxan monohydrate. All the rats received their normal diet and distilled water daily for a period of 28 days. At the end of the experiment, the groups administered 400 mg/kg body weight Zea mays silk single extract and 400 mg/kg body weight combined extract of Persea americana seed and Zea mays silk showed significant (P< 0.05) decrease in fasting blood glucose when compared with the diabetic control. The highest body weight change was observed in the high dose combined extract group followed by the Zea mays silk single extract group. Apart from the kidney and spleen weights, which were significantly reduced in the Zea mays single extract group, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05) in organ weights of the experimental groups compared with the diabetic and normal controls. Persea americana seed increased body and organ weights of experimental animals whereas Zea mays silk decreased same. It may therefore be concluded that Persea americana seed and Zea mays silk are probable hypoglycemic agents.Keywords: Persea americana seed, Zea mays silk, glucose, body weight, organ weight

Download Full-text