scholarly journals Larvicidal potencial of Sapindus saponaria (Sapindaceae) against Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille, 1806) (Acari: Ixodidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.F. Fernandes ◽  
R.N. Leles ◽  
I.G. Silva ◽  
E.P.S. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Rhipicephalus Sanguineus ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria ◽  
Botanical Acaricide

The larvicidal potential of the crude ethanolic extracts (CEE) of the stem peel of Sapindus saponaria was evaluated against Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Lethal concentrations (LC), were calculated by preparing CEE solutions at different concentrations in distilled water. Larvae fasted for 14-21 days were utilized in the bioassays, after incubation of engorged females collected from infested environments frequented by dogs in several neighborhoods of Goiânia, GO. Bioassays were performed in a specially constructed biological chamber for testing botanical acaricides, acclimatized to 27±1ºC, RH>80%. The larvae were counted on filter paper envelopes impregnated with the solutions or distilled water and larval mortality observed after 48h. S. saponaria showed good larvicidal activity (LC50 and LC99 of 1994 and 3922ppm, respectively) and the results demonstrated its potential as a botanical acaricide and an alternative control measure for R. sanguineus.

scholarly journals Larvicidal potential of Sapindus saponaria to control the cattle tick Boophilus microplus

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1243-1245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando de Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Edméia de Paula e Souza Freitas ◽  
Anna Carolina da Costa ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Boophilus Microplus ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Cattle Tick ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Sapindus Saponaria

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of a crude ethanol extract (CEE) of soapberry Sapindus saponaria stem peel on the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Tick larvae obtained by incubating engorged females, collected from naturally infested cattle, were placed in envelopes of filter paper impregnated with different concentrations of CEE in the test group, and distilled water in the control group. Four repetitions were made with each solution (n>120). Mortality was observed after 48 hours. Lethal concentration values of 1,258 ppm (LC50) and 6,360 ppm (LC99) were obtained.

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of oil-resin fractions from the Brazilian medicinal plant Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) against Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heloísa Helena Garcia da Silva ◽  
Regina Geris ◽  
Edson Rodrigues Filho ◽  
Cleonice Rocha ◽  
Ionizete Garcia da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Alternative Control Methods

Oil-resin fractions from Copaifera reticulata Ducke (Leguminosae-Caesalpinoideae) were evaluated for larvicidal activity on third larval instars of Aedes aegypti, in searching for alternative control methods for this mosquito. The bioactive fractions were chemically monitored by thin-layer chromatography, ¹H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Bioassays were performed using five repetitions, at a temperature of 28 ± 1°C, relative humidity of 80 ± 5% and light and dark cycles of 12h. Mortality was indicated by darkening of the cephalic capsule after 24h of exposure of the larvae to the solutions. The most active fractions were CRM1-4 (sesquiterpenes) and CRM5-7 (labdane diterpenes), which showed LC50 values of 0.2 and 0.8ppm, respectively.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS CAMPURAN RENDAMAN JERAMI (ORYZA SATIVA L) DAN TEMEFOS SEBAGAI ATRAKTAN TERHADAP LETHAL OVITRAP AEDES AEGYPTI L

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rasyid Ridha ◽  
Budi Hairani ◽  
Gusti Meliyanie ◽  
Wulan Rasna Giri Sembiring ◽  
Abdullah Fadilly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Global Health Problem

ABSTRACT Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a global health problem and can be transmitted through vectors, namely Aedes aegypti. One of the controls can be through lethal ovitrap combined with attractant. This study aims to compare the percentage of trapped eggs, the number of eggs hatched, and larval mortality in the lethal ovitrap that were given two additional types of attractants. The insecticides used were temephos, while the attractants used were 20% straw soaking water, and water that Ae. aegypti have used to lay eggs. The type of research is an experiment with a completely randomized design. The sample used was female mosquito of Ae. aegypti that is full of blood from laboratory colonization. The results showed that straw soaking water was more influential attractant than the former Ae. aegypti colonization water in attracting Ae. aegypti mosquitoes to lay eggs. The highest larval mortality was found in a combination of lethal ovitrap with straw soaking water. Statistically there is an influence of the type of attractant on hatchability and the development of Ae. aegypti into adult mosquitoes. The combination of lethal ovitrap and attractant of straw soaking water can be an alternative control strategy for DHF program managers to reduce the density of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes and minimize transmission of dengue hemorrhagic fever in an area. Keywords: Aedes aegypti, attractant, lethal ovitrap, straw soaking water   ABSTRAK Demam berdarah dengue merupakan masalah kesehatan global dan dapat ditularkan melalui vektor yaitu Aedes aegypti. Salah satu pengendaliannya dapat melalui lethal ovitrap yang dipadukan dengan atraktan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan persentase jumlah telur terperangkap, jumlah telur menetas, dan mortalitas larva pada lethal ovitrap yang diberi tambahan dua jenis atraktan. Insektisida yang digunakan adalah temefos, sedangkan atraktan yang digunakan adalah air rendaman jerami dengan konsentrasi 20%, dan air bekas kolonisasi/telur larva Ae. aegypti. Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Sampel yang digunakan adalah nyamuk Ae. aegypti betina yang kenyang darah hasil kolonisasi di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa air rendaman jerami merupakan atraktan yang lebih berpengaruh dibandingkan air bekas kolonisasi Ae. aegypti dalam menarik nyamuk Ae. aegypti untuk bertelur. Mortalitas larva tertinggi terdapat pada kombinasi lethal ovitrap dengan air rendaman jerami. Secara statistik ada pengaruh jenis atraktan terhadap daya tetas dan perkembangan Ae. aegypti menjadi nyamuk dewasa. Kombinasi lethal ovitrap dengan atraktan air rendaman jerami dapat menjadi strategi pengendalian alternatif bagi pengelola program DBD untuk mengurangi kepadatan nyamuk Ae. aegypti dan meminimalisasi transmisi penyakit demam berdarah dengue di suatu wilayah. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti, atraktan, lethal ovitrap, rendaman jerami

scholarly journals Ground Applications of Vectobac® WDG with A1 Super-Duty Mist Sprayer® and Micronair® AU5000 Atomizer for Suppression of Aedes aegypti Populations in the Florida Keys

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Murray ◽  
Catherine A. Pruszynski ◽  
Lawrence J. Hribar
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Florida Keys ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Israelensis ◽  
Key West ◽  
F1 Generation

ABSTRACT Since 2011, the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has used the WALS® application strategy with VectoBac® WDG containing Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis via helicopter in Key West for the control of Aedes aegypti larval populations. In 2018, FKMCD conducted a study to determine the effectiveness of using a trailer-mounted A1 Super Duty Mist Sprayer® (A1 Mist Sprayers) with a Micronair® AU5000 (Micron Group) atomizer to apply VectoBac WDG by ground at the rate of 0.5 lb/acre (0.56 kg/ha). Bioassay cups were placed in a residential area encompassing open, moderate, and heavy cover scenarios between 0 and 300 ft (0–91.44 m) perpendicular to the spray line. An application rate of 0.5 lbs/acre (0.56 kg/ha) was used. Bioassay cups were collected after application and returned to the laboratory where 100 ml of distilled water and 10 F1 generation Ae. aegypti larvae were added. Laval mortality was monitored at 2, 4, and 24 h. Three separate runs were completed during the summer of 2018. Average larval mortality at 24 h was >90%. The field trial demonstrated sufficient efficacy to introduce this method of larviciding into operational use.

scholarly journals Effect of Seed Priming Techniques on Germination Parameters of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
Milan Jocković ◽  
Petar Čanak ◽  
Vladimir Miklič ◽  
Jelena Ovuka ◽  
Velimir Radić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mean Germination Time ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
Germination Parameters ◽  
Priming Technique

Summary A useful approach for improving seed germination and seedling growth is a seed priming technique. Application of the priming technique enhances water absorption, causing activation of metabolic activities in the seed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming on germination parameters of safflower and to compare different priming techniques: priming by soaking and priming on filter paper. The priming treatments included hydropriming (distilled water) and osmopriming with 0.1% and 0.5% solutions of KNO3 for 8 and 16 hours. The experiment revealed significant difference between the priming treatments and the control. The highest germination (89.50%) was recorded within the priming treatments by soaking in the solution of 0.1% KNO3 and priming on filter paper moistened with 0.5% KNO3 for 8 hours. Considering germination index, mean germination time and time to 50% germination, the best results were obtained within hydropriming on filter paper for 16 hours. This study has shown that the priming techniques significantly improved germination parameters of safflower. Although priming on filter paper showed better results, the soaking technique – due to its simplicity, low cost and easiness of application – can be successfully used to improve germination parameters of safflower and increase the number of plants per unit of area and thus increase the seed yield per acreage.

scholarly journals Larvicidal Effect of Vinca Fruit Extract (Vinca rosea) Against Aedes aegypti Larvae and Secondary Metabolites Profile by Thin Layer Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Rahmawati Ekaputri ◽  
Sudarsono Sudarsono ◽  
Budi Mulyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Thin Layer Chromatography ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Vinca Rosea ◽  
Layer Chromatography

<p>Background: <em>Vinca rosea</em> is known contain alkaloids, it was usually used to treat various diseases. Alkaloids from Vinca leaves are also already known have larvicidal activity. Based on this toxicological activity, the fruit of <em>Vinca rosea</em> was selected to investigation its larvicidal activity against the 3<sup>rd</sup> instar larvae of the mosquito vector of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) <em>Aedes aegypti.</em>  Five concentrations of Vinca fruit extract were tested against the 3<sup>rd</sup> instar Aedes aegypti larvae. The different larval mortality percentages were recorded after 24 hours. Lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub> anf LC<sub>90</sub>) of Vinca fruit extract were calculated using Probit analysis. Phytochemical compounds  of ethanolic extract also investigated using Thin layer Chromatography (TLC). LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of fruit extract were 2.987 mg/ml and 32.861 mg/ml. Alkaloids were detected in extract.</p>

scholarly journals Tribo-electricity and friction. III.—Solid elements and textiles

1928 ◽  
Vol 118 (779) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Preceding Paper ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Textile Material ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Initial Surface

1. No systematic investigation on this subject has yet been attempted. The efforts made to group these materials in a series according to the charges generated when they are rubbed two at a time are of uncertain value because of (1) impurities of substance and surface, (2) indeterminate initial surface strains. Moreover, the general practice has been to rub the solids when held, one in each hand. A more reliable method is to mount the bodies in a mechanism which ensures that the same parts of them come into contact at each fresh stroke. In the present research, the elements, mostly metals, are those specified in the preceding paper. The textiles are made and cleansed as described in an earlier paper. Silk, cotton and linen in our experience behave reliably when fully cleaned. The other great textile material, wool, is more oily and cannot be readily cleansed; so is less trustworthy. We therefore at present confine ourselves to one animal and one vegetable textile, choosing the pure samples of silk and cotton specified in the above paper. Also filter paper, another convenient fabric, is used after being boiled in several lots of distilled water. As the silk and cotton are treated with boiling chloroform, we tried exhausting the filter paper in this solvent to see if such treatment affected the cellulose in any way; but no effect on the properties of the paper could be found.

An investigation of angle-meristem development in excised stem segments of Selaginella martensii

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Intact Plant ◽  
Developmental Study ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Effective Factor ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Stem Segments ◽  
Applied Auxin

The development of dorsal and ventral angle-meristems in excised Y-shaped stem segments of Selaginella martensii grown on filter paper moistened with distilled water has been investigated. Based on the position of the branchings relative to the shoot tip on the intact plant, segments were designated as young, intermediate, or old. In most segments, with no auxin treatment, ventral angle-meristems formed shoots. In most young segments the dorsal angle-meristem formed a root, whereas most old segments formed a dorsal shoot. A developmental study suggests that (1) in young segments early development of a ventral shoot, controls development of the dorsal angle-meristem as a root, and (2) in old segments where both angle-meristems develop at approximately the same time, there is no ventral control over dorsal development, and a dorsal shoot results. Experiments with externally applied auxin suggest that auxin is an effective factor in controlling ventral angle-meristem development as a root.

scholarly journals Alternative Control of Plant Pathogen Fungi Through Ethanolic Extracts of Avocado Seeds (Persea Americana Mill.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriã Cristina Pereira Fagundes ◽  
Adelson Francisco de Oliveira ◽  
Vicente Luiz de Carvalho ◽  
José Darlan Ramos ◽  
Verônica Andrade dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts

Cell wall water dilution: an explanation of apparent negative turgor potentials

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (9) ◽  
pp. 1722-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert H. Markhart III ◽  
Nasser Sionit ◽  
James N. Siedow
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Mathematical Simulation ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Water Dilution

Errors in psychrometric determinations of osmotic potential (Ψs) due to dilution of the cytoplasm by cell wall water are investigated. Model systems using filter paper to represent the cell wall and sucrose solution and distilled water to represent protoplasm and cell wall water, respectively, show significant dilution of the sucrose solution at cell wall to protoplast ratios typical of plant tissue. Mathematical simulation of error in Ψs determination as a function of percent cell wall and cell wall hydration indicate that wall water dilution can be a significant problem and could explain reported apparent negative turgor potentials.

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