Prospecting for special metabolites and larvicidal activity of ethanolic extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Neem), collected in Tauá-CE against Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae

In the search for an alternative control against Aedes aegypti, many types of research are developed to discover substitutes for synthetic insecticides, including the use of oils, extracts, or active constituents from plants to find new insecticidal substances. The present work describes the phytochemical study results and evaluation of toxicity against Aedes aegypti larvae of ethanol extracts from Azadirachta indica A. Juss collected in Tauá-CE. Phytochemical tests were performed by different methods involving colorimetric, precipitation reactions, various metabolites such as alkaloids, anthocyanidins, anthocyanins, steroids, and flavonols, flavonones, triterpenoids was evident in the active extracts. For the toxicity tests, different concentrations of ethanolic extracts (250, 500, 1000 and 2000 μg / mL) were prepared with sterile distilled water and dimethylsulfoxide - DMSO (1%), and then 20 mL of each solution was added. And 25 3rd stage larvae in plastic cups. All bioassays were performed in quadruplicate. DMSO in an aqueous solution was used as a negative control. As a result, the tested extracts proved toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae, with an LC50 value higher than the control (10%) and ranging from 12% to 46%. The results obtained show that all extracts have an important pharmacological and toxicological potential. They deserve to be investigated in studies for the isolation and identification of bioactive compounds.

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Larvicidal action of ethanolic extracts from fruit endocarps of Melia azedarach and Azadirachta indica against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti

Toxicon ◽

10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.07.009 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 829-835 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Carolina B. Wandscheer ◽

Jonny E. Duque ◽

Mario A.N. da Silva ◽

Yoshiyasu Fukuyama ◽

Jonathan L. Wohlke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

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Test of Larvacide Activity from Some Sponge Extracts to Aedes aegypti Larvae

JURNAL ILMIAH PLATAX ◽

10.35800/jip.6.2.2018.20637 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 83

Author(s):

Efra D. L. Wantah ◽

R. E. P. Mangindaan ◽

Fitje Losung

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Clean Water ◽

Test Results ◽

Ethanolic Extracts ◽

Sponge Extract ◽

Freeze Dryer ◽

Made In

Marine organisms have been known produce certain compounds those could lead for medicine purposes. Sponges are one and the most studied for this aim. oneof the important biological activities which expected from sponge are larvacide activity. The aims this research was to test the larvacide activity aagainst Aedes aegypti larvae from some of sponge extract. Sponge samples were taken from Malalayang Waters, (N 01 ° 27'37 "E 124 ° 47'30") on November 2014 with the depth varies from 2-15 m with SCUBA. The extraction, preparation of the larvae and activity testing was performed on Biomolecular and Marine Pharmacy Laboratory Faculty Fisheries and Marine Science. The sponge samples were cutted and soaked in 95% Ethanol for over night with 3 repetitions to obtain ethanolic extracts. The extract were filtered and evaporated using freeze dryer then tested onto 10 instars 3 instars m larvae that had been previously maintained. the test was made in triplowith 24 hours observation. abate was used as positive control while negative control clean water was used.The test results showed that of 11 Sponge tested, 10 species showed larvacidal activity and marine sponge extract Tedania sp. has the highest activity compared to 9 extracts. As a suggestion of this research the further purification of Tedania sp. extract is needed to know the structure of active compound.Keywords: Aedes aegypti, Larvacide, Sponge extractABSTRAKOrganisme laut yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi bahan sediaan obat antara lain sponge, dan merupakan salah satu organisme laut yang banyak diteliti. Beberapa aktivitas biologis penting yang diharapkan dari ekstrak sponge salah satunya adalah aktivitas larvasida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas larvasida nyamuk Aedes aegypti dari beberapa ekstrak Sponge. Sampel sponge diambil di perairan Malalayang, tepatnya di koordinat N 01°27’37” E 124°47’30” pada bulan November 2014 di kedalaman 2-15 m. Sedangkan untuk tahap ekstraksi, penyiapan larva uji dan pengujian aktivitas larvasida di lakukan di laboratorium Biomolekular dan Farmasitika Laut program studi Ilmu Kelautan, FPIK UNSRAT. Dalam penelitian yang dilakukan, sampel diambil di perairan menggunakan peralatan SCUBA. Setelah itu diekstrak dengan larutan etanol 95% dan direndam selama 24 jam dan dilakukan 3 kali pengulagan untuk mendapatkan ekstrak etanolik. Sampel dikeringkan dengan menggunakan alat freeze dryer kemudian diujikan ke 10 ekor larva nyamuk fase instar 3 yang telah dipelihara sebelumnya. Pengujian dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dengan lama pengamatan 24 jam pengamatan. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan bubuk abate yang biasa dijual di pasaran sedangkan kontrol negative atau tanpa perlakuan digunakan air bersih. Data hasil pengamatan diolah menggunakan Microsoft excel.Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Dari 11 Sponge yang diuji, 10 jenis menunjukan aktivitas larvasida dengan persentase mortalitas yang bervariasi dan ekstrak sponge laut Tedania sp. memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dibandingkan dengan 10 jenis ekstrak sponge lain dalam pengujian. Sebagai saran dalam penelitian ini yaitu Perlu dilakukan pemurnian lanjut ekstrak lebih lanjut dari ekstrak sponge Tedania sp. yaitu ke tahap partisi dan Perlu adanya variasi konsentrasi dalam pengujian.Kata Kunci : Aedes aegypti, Larvasida, ekstrak Spong

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Cumulative mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae treated with compounds

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048005022 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 445-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra Maria Torres ◽

Nadine Louise Nicolau da Cruz ◽

Vitor Pereira de Matos Rolim ◽

Maria Inês de Assis Cavalcanti ◽

Leucio Câmara Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Exposure Period ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Carapa Guianensis

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, carapa guianensis essential oils and fermented extract of Carica papaya against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae). METHODS The larvicide test was performed in triplicate with 300 larvae for each experimental group using the third larval stage, which were exposed for 24h. The groups were: positive control with industrial larvicide (BTI) in concentrations of 0.37 ppm (PC1) and 0.06 ppm (PC2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 50.0% concentration (G1); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 25.0% concentration (G2); treated with compounds of essential oils and fermented extract, 12.5% concentration (G3); and negative control group using water (NC1) and using dimethyl (NC2). The larvae were monitored every 60 min using direct visualization. RESULTS No mortality occurred in experimental groups NC1 and NC2 in the 24h exposure period, whereas there was 100% mortality in the PC1 and PC2 groups compared to NC1 and NC2. Mortality rates of 65.0%, 50.0% and 78.0% were observed in the groups G1, G2 and G3 respectively, compared with NC1 and NC2. CONCLUSIONS The association between three essential oils from Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis and fermented extract of Carica papaya was efficient at all concentrations. Therefore, it can be used in Aedes aegypti Liverpool third larvae stage control programs.

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Larvicidal activity of Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Carapa guianensis oil compounds and Carica papaya fermented extract on Aedes aegypti Larvicidal activity of oil compounds on Aedes aegypti

10.1101/2020.05.18.102442 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra M. Torres ◽

Luis A.R. Lima ◽

Maria do Carmo A. Lima ◽

Lêucio C. Alves ◽

Valdemiro A.S. Júnior

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Larvicidal Activity ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Structural Damage ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Carica Papaya ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Negative Control ◽

Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽

Carapa Guianensis

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the structural changes of Aedes aegypti larvae submitted to treatment with a product based on Azadirachta indica, Melaleuca alternifolia, Carapa guianensis oils and Carica papaya fermented extract. The larvae were exposed for 24h to the experimental groups: product formulated in concentrations of 50% (G1), 25% (G2), and 12.5% (G3); and negative control groups based on water (CN1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (CN2). By the end of the experimental period, some larvae were fixed in 4% buffered glutaraldehyde solution to be processed for optical microscopy. Larvae exposed to G2 and G3 presented more structural damage of the mesentery, Malpighi tubules and nerve ganglia. We conclude that the product formulated in 12.5% and 25% concentrations can be used in the population control of the 3rd larvae stage of Aedes aegypti by causing lethal injuries and avoiding the larvae development.

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Effect of phyto-extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica) and garlic (Allium sativum) on leaf spot disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2020-0035 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 441-449

Author(s):

Asafor Henry Chotangui ◽

Modjibaye Betigne ◽

Marie Solange Mandou ◽

Nelly Gaëtane Foussom Kamaleu ◽

Eric Bertrand Kouam

Keyword(s):

Arachis Hypogaea ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Allium Sativum ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Ethanolic Extracts

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of neem (Azadirachta indica A. JUSS) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) against Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A split plot design using two exotic (“fleur” 11 var., 65-13 var.) and one local (village var.) variety of groundnut as the main factor and ten treatments comprising one negative control (sterile distilled water), one positive control (fungicide: spavozeb) and eight phyto-extracts replicated three times was applied. Treatments were applied to plots at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting (DAP). Results showed that CLS disease incidence ranged between 66.67% and 88.89% at 65 DAP for 10% ethanolic extract of garlic and 20% aqueous extract of garlic, respectively. Disease severity was lowest for 20% ethanolic extracts of neem seeds (14.74%) and garlic bulb (14.99%) at 65 DAP. Yield obtained from treatments of ethanolic extracts of garlic (3.62 t ha−1) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the control (2.40 t ha−1) but comparable to the spavozeb treatment (3.09 t ha−1). Exotic varieties were more productive (3.13 and 3.43 t ha−1) than the more resistant local variety (2.67 t ha−1).

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Larvicidal activity of ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica against Aedes aegypti larvae

Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín ◽

10.15446/rfnam.v73n3.80501 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 73 (3) ◽

pp. 9315-9320

Author(s):

Patricia Manzano ◽

Oscar Valmaña García ◽

Jessica Malusín ◽

Jenny Villamar ◽

María Quijano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Yellow Fever ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Larval Mortality ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

High Degree ◽

Control Water

Aedes aegypti is a mosquito that carries dengue virus, yellow fever and other diseases transmitted to humans. Organophosphorus larvicides are used to control the proliferation of this mosquito, which has generated a high degree of resistance; hence, new alternatives such as bio-larvicides formulated with plant extracts are of great interest. The aims of this study were to evaluate the ethanolic extract of Azadirachta indica leaves as a larvicide against Aedes aegypti and to determine the main compounds present in it by GC-MS. In the assay, three concentrations of ethanolic extract were used (10 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, and 50 mg L-1). This was performed thrice against a positive control (commercial larvicide: spores and endotoxic crystals of Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis Serotype H-14) and negative control (water). After 72 h of incubation, it was observed higher larval mortality (93%) in the ethanolic extract at a concentration of 50 mg L-1; the extracts at 10 mg L-1 and 20 mg L-1 shown larval mortality of 47% and 70%, respectively. The majority compound determined by the GC-MS analysis was phytol (14.4% area). The results obtained in this study demonstrated the larvicidal potential of the ethanolic extract of A. indica against larvae of A. aegypti.

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Hydroethanolic Extracts of Erigeron floribundus and Azadirachta indica Reduced Plasmodium berghei Parasitemia in Balb/c Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/5156710 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Roselyne Nzangue Tepongning ◽

Javeres Ntepe Mbah ◽

Francky Love Avoulou ◽

Marie Madeleine Jerme ◽

Evrard-Kevin Kene Ndanga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Plasmodium Berghei ◽

Antimalarial Activity ◽

Temperature Drop ◽

Negative Control ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Poor People ◽

Female Group ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Erigeron Floribundus

Malaria is one of the most important infectious diseases in Africa especially in Cameroon. The nonaccessibility to current treatments for poor people and the appearance of drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites stimulate the search for alternative treatments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity and the safety of hydroethanolic extracts from Erigeron floribundus and Azadirachta indica. The crude hydroethanolic extracts of E. floribundus (HEEF) and A. indica (HEAI) were prepared via maceration of the whole plant powder of E. floribundus and the leaves of A. indica in 70% ethanol. The antimalarial activity was determined according to Peter’s 4-day suppressive test using the murine model Plasmodium berghei/Balb C mice, while the acute and subacute toxicity tests were assessed according to the OECD 425 and 407 guidelines, respectively. The results indicate a reduction of parasitemia ranging from 49.75 ± 3.64 to 69.28 ± 1.36% for HEAI and from 30.46 ± 4.30 to 62.36 ± 2.32% for HEEI. Overall, HEEF and HEAI at doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg b.w. and 75, 150, and 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively, showed a significant (p≤0.001) parasitemia reduction on P. berghei infecting BALB/c mice. HEEF and HEAI caused a significant (p<0.001) attenuation of body temperature drop in mice compared to negative control, except for the 150 mg/kg b.w. dose in the female group. Moreover, there was no mice mortality observed with these extracts even at 5000 mg/kg, while the aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) level of mice treated with 300 mg/kg b.w. of HEAI extract increased when compared with the control. The results of this study support the traditional use of these plants species extracts against malaria infection in rural zones of Northern Cameroon, therefore confirming their potential as sources for the development of efficient phytomedicines for malaria-poverty disease alleviation.

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Aedes aegypti Mosquito Potential Larvacidal of Phyllantus niruri L. Leaves Ethanol Extracts

Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences ◽

10.19184/ams.v5i1.6775 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Moh. Lutfi Hasbullah ◽

Yudha Nurdian ◽

Cholis Abrori

Keyword(s):

Aedes Aegypti ◽

Tap Water ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Post Test ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a disease caused by dengue virus transmitted by Aedes aegyptifemale mosquitoes with four major clinical manifestations, such as high fever, hemorrhage,hepatomegaly, and signs of circulatory failure. Indonesia was reported as the 2nd country with thelargest dengue cases among 30 endemic countries. The larvicidal powder is used as one of thedengue virus vector controllers. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of smallgooseberry leaves (Phyllantus niruri L.) to the death of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. This study usedquasi experimental method with post test only controlled group design with 1 positive control group(Temephos), 1 group of negative control (tap water), and 5 treatment groups (0.0625%, 0.125%,0.25% , 0.5% and 1% extract) used 20 larvaes of Aedes aegypti instar III each group. The results of thetreatment group extract with a concentration of 0.5% and 1% obtained 100% dead larvae. The resultof linear regression test showed the effect of meniran leaf extract on the death of larvae Ae. aegyptiwith R2 value of 65.2%. The larvacid activity of ethanol extract leaves meniran against larvae Ae.aegypti instar III was directly proportional to concentration with LC50 of 0.174% with 95% confidenceinterval (0.155-0.195).

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TERATOGENIK EKSTRAK ETANOL UWI BANGGAI UNGU (Dioscorea alata L.) PADA MENCIT BETINA (Mus musculus)

Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina (JIIS): Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan ◽

10.36387/jiis.v5i2.511 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 309-318

Author(s):

Ihwan Ihwan ◽

◽

Rahmatia Rahmatia ◽

Khildah Khaerati ◽

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Embryo Development ◽

Mus Musculus ◽

Birth Defect ◽

Abnormal Development ◽

Dioscorea Alata ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Study Results ◽

Pregnant Mice ◽

Ethanol Extracts

Teratogenic is an abnormal development on embryo and is the cause of congenital defect or birth defect. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of Dioscorea alata L. ethanol extracts to the embryo development on pregnant mice whose given orally to 24 mice which divided to 4 treatment groups, they are the normal group (NG) with NaCMC 0.5%; 28 mg/KgBB treatment group; 35 mg/KgBB; 42 mg/Kg BB. The addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts was done on the sixth day until the 15th day of pregnancy. On the 18th day of pregnancy, Laparaktomi was done to the pregnant mice and the embryo was taken out of the uterus. The observation was done to the fetus numbers, weight weighing of the fetus's body, dan length measurement of the fetus's body. Another observation is the observation of the external organ defect of the embryo. The study results that the addition of Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts with various doses have no significant effect (P>0.5) to the mice external fetus development. On the examination of the fetus, we can conclude that Dioscorea alata L ethanol extracts don’t give any effect that may cause the defect of the fetus’ external organ.

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Prospects of botanical pesticides in management of Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) under laboratory and field conditions

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-021-00223-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Juliana Amaka Ugwu

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Residual Effects ◽

Aqueous Extracts ◽

Plant Materials ◽

Piper Guineense ◽

Early Management ◽

Ethanol Extracts ◽

Milicia Excelsa ◽

Contact Effects

Abstract Background Iroko gall bug, Phytolyma fusca Walker, is a major insect pest of Milicia excelsa (Iroko) seedling hampering its propagation in West Africa. Milicia excelsa is an indigenous forest timber tree in the tropical rain forest of West Africa with a very high value in international trade due to its wood quality. Sustainable management of P. fusca infestations on Iroko seedlings have not been achieved due to their cryptic nature and multivoltine generations. This study evaluated the residual and contact effects of crude ethanol and aqueous extracts of four plants (Azadirachta indica, Jatropha curcas, Piper guineense, and Aframomum melegueta) on adult P. fusca in the laboratory and field. Results All the extracts had residual effects and contact effects on adult insects in the laboratory at 75% and 100% concentrations of applications. Azadirachta indica, P. guineense, and A. melegueta gave 80–100% adult mortality at both concentrations in the laboratory; their efficacies were comparable to cypermethrin. The ethanol extracts of P. guineense and A. indica were more effective than other extracts in protecting the seedlings against Phytolyma infestations in the field. They significantly (p < 0.01) reduced infestation compared to other extracts and control. Ethanol extracts of the tested plant materials were more effective than their aqueous extracts both in the laboratory and field. Conclusion The results proved that P. guineense and A. indica extracts were very potent and promising in protecting Milicia excelsa seedlings against Phytolyma fusca infestations and they can be used in the early management of Phytolyma infestations in the field.

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