Serum Amyloid A Level in Women with Unexplained Infertility

Background By various molecular and cellular research efforts it was displayed that folliculogenesis, ovulation, and corpus luteum formation is considered as an inflammatory processes that hav raised the research interest to investigate that serum amyloid A as an inflammatory mediator to reveal its possible role in infertility. Objective This study aims to assess the association between SAA and unexplained infertility in women. Methods The current research study have been conducted at Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital during the period from September 2018 to April 2019. Women approached were recruited from outpatient clinic of Ain Shams University Maternity Hospital. The recruited 90 research study subjects have been divided into two research groups Results Serum amyloid A was statistically significantly higher among the unexplained research group versus control group (SAA had excellent discriminative value with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.992 (95% CI = 0.945 to 1.000, Pvalue <0.0001). A best cutoff criterion is SAA of 28.7 mg/l (sensitivity = 98%, specificity = 96%, J-index = 0.93)) denoting that amyloid A as an acute phase inflammatory modulator is higher among the unexplained research group reflecting a form of chronic inflammatory process in those category of cases. Analytical research results of multivariable binary logistic regression analysis as regards the correlation between SAA and unexplained infertility after adjustment for age and BMI, it was revealed that serum amyloid A an independent predictor for unexplained infertility. Conclusion s: Serum amyloid A as a biomarker for could be implemented as a predictability tool for unexplained infertility since it is a reflector of an chronic inflammatory process that is ongoing that could affect the process of implantation and ovulation however the clear molecular and cellular processes linked to the pathophysiological process that reflects the fertility hindering process should be implemented in future research efforts taking in consideration to have multicentric fashion of research with larger sample sizes to verify the value of serum amyloid A as biomarker that reflects the fertility potential besides the routine infertility work up.

Role of genetic structure of Helicobacter Pylori in formation of chronic inflammatory process in gastric mucosa

The literature review highlights the questions of the interaction of Helicobacter pylori and the human body. Modern data on the structure of the pathogenicity island in the Helicobacter pylori genome are presented. There is given a detailed description of both well-known virulence and pathogenicity factors of the infection (genes encoding the formation of urease subunits, in particular urel, cytotoxin associated gene A, vacuolating cytotoxin gen A, blood group associated binding adhesion, induced by contact with epithelium) and less studied ones (sialic acid-binding adhesion, adhesion-associated lipoprotein A and B, adhesin gene of Helicobacter pylori, Hp outer membrane protein). The significance of individual genes and proteins encoded by them in the development of chronic inflammatory process in diseases of the upper digestive tract, as well as in ulcer and carcinogenesis is analyzed. Mechanisms of interaction of bacteria with epithelial cells of the gastric mucosa, adhesive and cytotoxic effects of Helicobacter pylori, factors of biofilm formation are described. The influence of the genetic structure of Infect on cytological composition of the gastric glands in the form of reduction of specialized glandular cells chief and parietal cells of pyloric glands and the increase of endocrine cells in the pool is assessed. It is shown that colonization of the gastric mucosa by highly pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori contributes to the development of widespread pronounced and active inflammation in it, the appearance of morphological signs of atrophy. The role of the genetic characteristics of the infection in the failure of anti-helicobacter therapy is emphasized. Separately, the question of the effect of combined infection of the gastric mucosa with highly pathogenic strains of Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus is highlighted.

FIRST TIME EXPERIENCE OF COLD ATMOSPHERIC PLASMA USE IN MICROBIAL ECZEMA TREATMENT IN A 3-YEAR-OLD CHILD

Microbial eczema (ME) is a chronic inflammatory process prone to recurrence, the treatment of which is associated with a number of difficulties due to the ever increasing antibiotic resistance of the microorganisms that cause it. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), like ultraviolet irradiation, has a pronounced bactericidal effect, but unlike the latter, it does not have undesirable effects on healthy cells. The article presents a clinical observation of the successful use of CAP in the treatment of severe ME in a 3-year-old child.

Make-Up Removers and Eye Surface

Purpose: to evaluate the influence on the state of the eye surface and the tear-producing system of decorative cosmetics and cosmetic products with different chemical bases for removing makeup.Patients and methods. The study included 45 (90 eyes) persons without clinical signs of an acute inflammatory process of the eye surface, they were prescribed the use of one of the Biore products: 15 people — makeup removal wipes, 15-micellar water, 15-makeup removal serum. The results of the objective (biomicroscopy, tests for lacrimal production) and subjective examinations are included in the questionnaires developed and standardized for this study (3 visits after the start of the use of cosmetics, 14, 30 days after the start of their use).Results. There were no significant differences (p > 0.5) between the groups that used makeup remover products on different bases — makeup remover serum, micellar water, makeup remover wipes — in all the patients included in the study. Patients with signs of a chronic inflammatory process on the eye surface and dry eye syndrome are less tolerant of makeup remover, which is manifested in a lower subjective assessment of these products after their use compared to patients without signs of an inflammatory process (p < 0.5). A correlation was determined at r = 0.3085, p = 0.0392 between the skin type and the Schirmer test parameters, exactly, the more oily the skin, the higher the Schirmer test parameters, it indicates a possible relationship between the skin type and the functional activity of the tear-forming glands, which indicates the need for further research in this area. The absence of a correlation (p > 0.5) between objective and subjective parameters that characterize the state of the eye surface and the tear-producing system, as well as the number of hours per day when decorative cosmetics are used, indicates that prolonged use of this type of exposure does not lead to the development of a pathological process on the eye surface.

Peculiarities of the T-cell response in atherosclerosis. Opportunities in diagnostics and treatment

Резюме Атеросклероз — хроническое воспалительное заболевание крупных артерий, в инициации и прогрессии которого активное участие принимают различные субпопуляции Т7лимфоцитов. T7хелперы 1, 17, 9, 22, CD8+ Т7лимфоциты обладают проатерогенными свойствами, поддерживая воспалительную реакцию в стенке сосуда. Регуляторные Т7лимфоциты подавляют эффекторную активность вышеупомя7 нутых клеток. Экспериментальные иммунотерапевтические подходы, в результате которых модулировались количество и/или функцио7 нальная активность ряда клеток иммунной системы, продемонстрировали антиатерогенный потенциал. В настоящее время активно раз7 рабатываются методики таргетного воздействия на хронический воспалительный процесс в стенке сосуда, и дальнейшее преобразование результатов экспериментальных моделей в эффективные и безопасные методы лечения является высокоперспективной задачей. Summary Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of large arteries, the initiation and progression of which is actively involved in various subpopulations of T7lymphocytes. T7helpers 1, 17, 9, 22, CD8+ T7lymphocytes have proatherogenic properties, supporting an inflammatory reaction in the vessel wall. Regulatory T7lymphocytes inhibit the effector activity of the above cells. Experimental immunotherapeutic approaches, which modulated the number and/or functional activity of a number of immune system cells, demonstrated antiatherogenic potential. At present, methods of targeting the chronic inflammatory process in the vessel wall are being actively developed, and further transformation of the results of experimental models into effective and safe methods of treatment is a highly promising task. Key words: atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, inflammation, cell immunity, T lymphocytes, atherosclerosis immunotherapy.

Influence of exogenous, physiological and factors of chronic inflammatory process on indicators of disturbances of adaptive processes of the person

Changes in laboratory parameters can be caused by physical, chemical, biological and other external factors, depending on physiological conditions, in most cases they have an adaptive nature, and it is not always possible to distinguish them from physiological fluctuations. At the same time, obvious shifts in laboratory parameters may indicate a violation of adaptation processes and damage of tissues and organs, despite the absence of clinical manifestations of a disease.

Probiotics Can Cure Oral Aphthous-Like Ulcers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: A Review of the Literature and a Working Hypothesis

Dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of several chronic autoimmune or inflammatory pathologies (e.g., inflammatory bowel diseases—IBD), because of its primary role in the establishment of a chronic inflammatory process leading to tissue damage. Inflammatory bowel diseases can even involve areas far away from the gut, such as the extraintestinal manifestations involving the oral cavity with the onset of aphthous-like ulcers (ALU). Studies carried out on animal models have shown that intestinal dysbiosis may be related to the development of autoimmune diseases, even if the mechanisms involved are not yet well known. The aim of this paper is to verify the hypothesis that in inflammatory bowel diseases patients, aphthous-like ulcers are the result of the concomitance of intestinal dysbiosis and other events, e.g., the microtraumas, occurring in the oral mucosa, and that ex adiuvantibus therapy with probiotics can be employed to modify the natural course of the aphthous-like ulcers.

The Influence of Inflammation on Fibrinogen Turnover and Redistribution of the Hemostatic Balance to a Prothrombotic State in High On-Treatment Platelet Reactivity-Dual Poor Responder (HTPR-DPR) Patients

Knowledge about the influence of inflammation on platelet function and relocation of hemostatic balance to hypercoagulable state is still unclear. We compared two groups of patients who suffer from acute vs. chronic inflammatory process and additionally present high on-treatment platelet reactivity-dual platelet resistance. We did not found any differences in platelet aggregation between both investigated groups, but patients who suffer from chronic inflammation presented stronger relocation of the hemostatic balance to the hypercoagulability. A high concentration of prothrombin fragment F1+2 together with higher activity of von Willebrand factor in critical limb ischemia shows more exaggerated fibrinogen turnover although the blood concentration of this factor was in normal range. We concluded that high on-treatment platelet reactivity-dual platelet resistance and intensified inflammation are linked with elevated platelet and fibrinogen turnover to counteract proper hemostatic balance in favor of a prothrombotic state.