Bone quality evaluation of experimental osteometabolic disease in Pantanal alligators (Caiman yacare) by High Resolution Computerized Microtomography (μCT)

ABSTRACT: Computerized microtomography is the gold standard examination for the evaluation of the three-dimensional bone structure. This experiment was developed to evaluate the structure and bone quality of Caiman yacare with metabolic bone disease using high resolution computerized microtomography (μCT). The animals were distributed into four groups: G1 - hyperphosphatemic diet with sun exposure deprivation (n=4), G2 - hyperphosphatemic diet with sun exposure (n=4), G3 - balanced diet with sun exposure deprivation (n=4), and G4 - balanced diet with exposure to sunlight (n=4). The parameters for the trabecular bone (Trabecular Number, Trabecular Thickness, Trabecular Separation, Bone Pattern Factor, Fractal Dimension, Euler Number, Structural Model Index, Degree of Anisotropy, Eigenvalues 1, 2 and 3, and Centroides X, Y and Z), and cortical bone (Number of Closed Pores, Volume of Closed Pores, Surface of Closed Pores, Closed Porosity, Volume of Open Pores, Open Porosity and Total Porosity). The overall results showed that the structure and bone quality of group G3 and G4 were better than those of groups G1 and G2, and that the diet factor influenced more than the sun exposure factor. The computerized microtomography allowed to evaluate the quality of the cortical and trabecular bones of the Pantanal alligator tibia with osteometabolic disease. The diet and sun exposure factors influenced individually the results of the μCT parameters between the groups, demonstrating the functional and structural complexity. Thus, these parameters can contribute to the interpretation of the mechanical behavior of bones and correlate them with the risk of lesions and fractures associated with osteometabolic diseases.

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The association between diabetes status, HbA1c, diabetes duration, microvascular disease, and bone quality of the distal radius and tibia as measured with high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography—The Maastricht Study

Osteoporosis International ◽

10.1007/s00198-018-4678-3 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (12) ◽

pp. 2725-2738 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

E. A. C. de Waard ◽

J. J. A. de Jong ◽

A. Koster ◽

H. H. C. M. Savelberg ◽

T. A. van Geel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

High Resolution ◽

Distal Radius ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Microvascular Disease ◽

Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Diabetes Status

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A Structural Model for a Quasi-Crystalline Material Derived from TEM

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100178999 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 48-49

Author(s):

Jan-Olov Bovin ◽

Osamu Terasaki ◽

Jan-Olle Malm ◽

Sven Lidin ◽

Sten Andersson

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Electron Diffraction ◽

Structural Model ◽

Image Intensifier ◽

Crystalline Materials ◽

Icosahedral Phases ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Electron Microscopes ◽

Diffraction Patterns ◽

Quasi Crystals

High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is playing an important role in identifying the new icosahedral phases. The selected area diffraction patterns of quasi crystals, recorded with an aperture of the radius of many thousands of Ångströms, consist of dense arrays of well defined sharp spots with five fold dilatation symmetry which makes the interpretation of the diffraction process and the resulting images different from those invoked for usual crystals. The atomic structure of the quasi crystals is not established even if several models are proposed. The correct structure model must of course explain the electron diffraction patterns with 5-, 3- and 2-fold symmetry for the phases but it is also important that the HRTEM images of the alloys match the computer simulated images from the model. We have studied quasi crystals of the alloy Al65Cu20Fe15. The electron microscopes used to obtain high resolution electro micrographs and electron diffraction patterns (EDP) were a (S)TEM JEM-2000FX equipped with EDS and PEELS showing a structural resolution of 2.7 Å and a IVEM JEM-4000EX with a UHP40 high resolution pole piece operated at 400 kV and with a structural resolution of 1.6 Å. This microscope is used with a Gatan 622 TV system with an image intensifier, coupled to a YAG screen. It was found that the crystals of the quasi crystalline materials here investigated were more sensitive to beam damage using 400 kV as electron accelerating voltage than when using 200 kV. Low dose techniques were therefore applied to avoid damage of the structure.

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Bone quality in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis -- quantitative computed tomography of lumbar spine vs high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the distal radius: a pilot study

Bone Abstracts ◽

10.1530/boneabs.4.p76 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Fiona Wai Ping Yu ◽

Lin Shi ◽

Defeng Wang ◽

Vivian Wing Yin Hung ◽

Wing Yee Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Pilot Study ◽

High Resolution ◽

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽

Distal Radius ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽

Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

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Differentiation of Mitragyna speciosa, a narcotic plant, from allied Mitragyna species using DNA barcoding-high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-86228-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chayapol Tungphatthong ◽

Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa ◽

Supita Awachai ◽

Thongchai Sooksawate ◽

Suchada Sukrong

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Dna Barcoding ◽

High Resolution Melting ◽

Dna Barcode ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Efficient Tool ◽

Hrm Analysis ◽

Mitragyna Speciosa ◽

Leaf Powder

AbstractMitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. [MS], or “kratom” in Thai, is the only narcotic species among the four species of Mitragyna in Thailand, which also include Mitragyna diversifolia (Wall. ex G. Don) Havil. [MD], Mitragyna hirsuta Havil. [MH], and Mitragyna rotundifolia (Roxb.) O. Kuntze [MR]. M. speciosa is a tropical tree belonging to the Rubiaceae family and has been prohibited by law in Thailand. However, it has been extensively covered in national and international news, as its abuse has become more popular. M. speciosa is a narcotic plant and has been used as an opium substitute and traditionally used for the treatment of chronic pain and various illnesses. Due to morphological disparities in the genus, the identification of plants in various forms, including fresh leaves, dried leaf powder, and finished products, is difficult. In this study, DNA barcoding combined with high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis was performed to differentiate M. speciosa from allied Mitragyna and to assess the capability of Bar-HRM assays to identify M. speciosa in suspected kratom or M. speciosa-containing samples. Bar-HRM analysis of PCR amplicons was based on the ITS2, rbcL, trnH-psbA, and matK DNA barcode regions. The melting profiles of ITS2 amplicons were clearly distinct, which enabled the authentication and differentiation of Mitragyna species from allied species. This study reveals that DNA barcoding coupled with HRM is an efficient tool with which to identify M. speciosa and M. speciosa-containing samples and ensure the safety and quality of traditional Thai herbal medicines.

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Structural Model to Determine the Factors That Affect the Quality of Emergency Teaching, According to the Perception of the Student of the First University Courses

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13052945 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 2945

Author(s):

Isabel del Arco ◽

Òscar Flores ◽

Anabel Ramos-Pla

Keyword(s):

Online Teaching ◽

Structural Model ◽

Self Regulation ◽

Digital Competence ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Student Interactions ◽

Material Resources ◽

Emotional Component ◽

Total Participation

A quantitative study was conducted in order to know, from the perspective of university students, the relationship between the quality perceived (QP) during the period of confinement derived from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, with the variables teaching plan (PL), material resources (MR), interaction processes (IN), and the affective–emotional component (EM). An online questionnaire was designed, directed to students from 20 universities in Spain, with a total participation of 893 individuals. The results indicate that the perception of the students on the quality of online teaching is directly associated with the material resources provided by the professors and the professor–student interactions. However, this perception does not have any direct effect on the planning or the emotional state or affectation created by the unprecedented situation of confinement. Among the conclusions, we highlight the need for the universities to apply models of support and tutoring, especially for students in their first years at university, to develop competences such as autonomy, digital competence, and self-regulation, and the need for a change of approach of the students and the professors based on the new normality we are currently experiencing.

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Influence of Attitude Parameters on Image Quality of Very High-Resolution Satellite Telescopes

IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems ◽

10.1109/taes.2020.3042629 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Walid A. Wahballah ◽

Fawzy Eltohamy ◽

Taher M. Bazan

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Image Quality ◽

Very High

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Effect of Age on Bone Structure Parameters in Laying Hens

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020570 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 570

Author(s):

Masayoshi Yamada ◽

Chongxiao Chen ◽

Toshie Sugiyama ◽

Woo Kyun Kim

Keyword(s):

Cortical Bone ◽

Bone Quality ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Volume Fraction ◽

Bone Structure ◽

Bone Volume ◽

Egg Laying ◽

Medullary Bone ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Tibial Diaphysis

Changes in medullary and cortical bone structure with age remain unclear. Twenty Hy-Line W36 hens, 25 or 52 weeks of age, were euthanized, and both tibiae were collected when an egg was present in the magnum. Serial cross sections of the tibiae were stained with Alcian blue. The bones were scanned using micro-computed tomography. Trabecular width (Tb.Wi) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in 25-week-old hens, whereas medullary bone tissue volume (TV) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in 52-week-old hens. 25-week-old hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) bone volume fraction (BVF = calcified tissue / TV). Moreover, the cortical bone parameters were significantly higher (TV and bone mineral content (BMC) at p < 0.05, and bone volume (BV) and BVF at p < 0.01) in younger hens. Open porosity and total porosity, which indicate less density, were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in older hens. Older hens showed significantly higher (p < 0.01) tibial diaphysis TV than younger hens. Younger hens had significantly higher (p < 0.01) BV, BVF and bone mineral density (BMD) of the tibial diaphysis. These findings reveal that reductions in medullary bone quality might be associated with age-related low estrogen levels and stimulation of osteoclastic bone resorption by parathyroid hormone. Cortical bone quality decreased with enlargement of the Haversian canals and loss of volume, with a longer egg-laying period leading to osteoporosis.

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Cloud Computation Using High-Resolution Images for Improving the SDG Indicator on Open Spaces

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs12071144 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1144

Author(s):

Rosa Aguilar ◽

Monika Kuffer

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Open Space ◽

Local Planning ◽

Open Spaces ◽

High Resolution Imagery ◽

Coarse Spatial Resolution ◽

Multi Temporal ◽

High Resolution Images ◽

Cloud Computation

Open spaces are essential for promoting quality of life in cities. However, accelerated urban growth, in particular in cities of the global South, is reducing the often already limited amount of open spaces with access to citizens. The importance of open spaces is promoted by SDG indicator 11.7.1; however, data on this indicator are not readily available, neither globally nor at the metropolitan scale in support of local planning, health and environmental policies. Existing global datasets on built-up areas omit many open spaces due to the coarse spatial resolution of input imagery. Our study presents a novel cloud computation-based method to map open spaces by accessing the multi-temporal high-resolution imagery repository of Planet. We illustrate the benefits of our proposed method for mapping the dynamics and spatial patterns of open spaces for the city of Kampala, Uganda, achieving a classification accuracy of up to 88% for classes used by the Global Human Settlement Layer (GHSL). Results show that open spaces in the Kampala metropolitan area are continuously decreasing, resulting in a loss of open space per capita of approximately 125 m2 within eight years.

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