The Debate on the Pandemic in Spain

The chapter analyses the discourse of the political debate in the Spanish parliamentary confrontation on the coronavirus and its health and economic consequences. To this end, it analyses eight debates led by the President of the Government, Pedro Sánchez, and the leader of the opposition, Pablo Casado. The discursive strategies of both influence the central aspects of the political framework on which the legislature is structured, as can be seen in the grammatical mechanisms, in the lexical selection, in the evidentiality around the sources of legitimacy, and in general, in the stylistic and emotional component of the respective interventions. In this way, the pandemic has become a privileged reference for the political programmes of the different parties.

Homeopathy as an alternative for asthma treatment

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by a reversible obstruction and hyperactivity of inferior aerial treat [1]. It is responsible for lifestyle modification and, considering its high frequency, it became an important issue in the budget of health services around the world. Aspects like the lack of definitive results and presence of adverse effects, observed for traditional therapy, as well as the search for better quality of life have increased patients’ interest for complementary and alternative medicines (CAM), being homeopathy one of the most cited [2]. In 2001, asthma was between the 10 diagnostics most treated by homeopaths in USA [3]. Aims: In this work, a qualitative research was made focusing the evaluation of the real contribution that homeopathy can represent for asthma patients and the role of pharmacist in this therapy. Methodology: databases such as Medline, Sciencedirect and Bireme were used to find scientific articles, applying the expressions “asthma”, “homeopathy” and “complementary and alternative medicine”. Results: At least six works demonstrate successful applications of homeopathic treatment in children or adults with asthma. The main benefits cited are the decrease of frequency and gravity of the crises, besides of some cure cases. Conclusions: Data available are still scanty about asthma homeopathic treatment. The few works found showed this kind of therapy is very adequate, mainly because of the emotional component of the disease, but also because it represents to be away from the adverse effects commonly related to the traditional therapy (e. g. corticoids). To ensure a correct therapy is being made, the pharmacist must be present and active in the patients’ identification and documentation, giving them right orientations about the use and storage of homeopathic medicines, besides of stimulating a close and confidence relationship with the homeopath. Also, the manufacturing of remedies must be according to the official guidelines in order to guarantee their quality.

Identification of differences in the emotional sphere of modern preschoolers from full vs incomplete families

The article describes the importance of the development of the emotional sphere of modern preschool children from full versus incomplete families. Various points of view on this problem are considered. In order to identify the differences in the emotional sphere of modern preschool children from full and incomplete families, diagnostic methods necessary and significant for solving the tasks of our study were selected; the volume of the general aggregate sample determined, and independent samples of children as well as parents from either full or incomplete families were determined. The following diagnostic methods were chosen: the method of diagnosing the emotional sphere of the child (Lyudmila Strelkova), the projective game "Post office" (a modification of the test of Elwyn James Anthony and Eva Bene), methods of studying the emotional state (E.T. Dorofeyeva). So that we could determine the differences in the emotional sphere of preschool children from full and incomplete families, the method of mathematical statistics was used – the parametric Student's t-test calculated using IBM® SPSS® Statistics software platform. The presented results indicate lack of differences in the emotional sphere of modern preschool children from full and incomplete families, which is explained by the peculiarities of development of each of the children independently on the family composition. It is revealed that facial expressions and pantomimic are an expressive emotional component of psychophysiological nature. The verbalisation of the emotional state’s development features at various stages of preschool age is due to the pedagogic conditions of learning in the process of speech development; the graphic representation of emotions in older preschool children depends on the emotional experience, emotional activity of the particular child; unconsciousness of behaviour and natural sensitivity of children at the stage of older preschool age does take place.

Adaptation to Change Questionnaire for Nurses: Validation and New Needs in the Context of COVID-19

Background: The worldwide pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has challenged healthcare systems and the professionals who work in them. This challenge involves strong changes to which nurses have had to quickly adapt. Emotional and cognitive–behavioral factors influence the capacity for adaptation to change. Based on this model, the objective of this study was to validate the Adaptation to Change Questionnaire (ADAPTA-10) for identifying professionals in a population of nurses who have problems adapting to adverse situations such as those caused by COVID-19. Methods: This study was performed with a sample of 351 nurses. (3) Results: The ADAPTA-10 questionnaire was found to have good psychometric properties, and to be an effective, useful tool for nurses in research and clinical practice. The two-dimensional structure proposed in the original model was confirmed. Scales are also provided by sex for evaluation of adaptation to change; the highest scores on the emotional component were among nurses who had not personally encountered the virus. Conclusions: This instrument will be able to detect of the needs for adaptation to the new reality associated with COVID-19, as well as other situations in which nurses are immersed that demand adaptation strategies.

Modern socio-cultural communications: Transformations in the digital age

The article deals with the problem of transformation of modern communication processes caused by the formation of a new digital society and its influence on all aspects of social and cultural life. Communication becomes diverse, rhizomatically branched, offering an interweaving of channels and means of communication, a multivariate effectiveness and a change in the actual communicants, communication actors. It is noted that long-term social ties cease to be dominant. A qualitatively new environment, called the media space, lays down a new format of communication. Information is perceived in increasingly shorter blocks. The essence and depth of communicative interaction is flattened. People are increasingly communicating taking into account specific brief cases or events, uniting for their implementation in rapidly disintegrating fragile social formations. Horizontal socio-cultural ties and social stigmergia are being strengthened. There is a playization, which is becoming one of the characteristic features of modern communication. There is a leveling of communications, interactions of different levels and different tasks. The author notes that such changes contribute to the disappearance of hierarchy, multi-level, highly contextual interaction from the space and at the same time strengthen the emotional component of communication. All this creates conditions for qualitative changes in the meanings and methods of social interaction.

The Phenomenon of Cognitive Polyphasia in Social Representations on the Mentally

The present study is focused on the phenomenon of cognitive polyphasia in the context of representations of mentally ill people by different groups of society. The authors put at the forefront the problem of finding the conditions for the actualization of cognitive polyphasia. The study was aimed at identifying manifestations of cognitive polyphasia in the structure of social representations (SRs) of the mentally ill in the groups of Orthodox respondents and non-believers. The sample consisted of Orthodox Christians: N = 114 (49 males and 65 females) and non-believers: N = 113 (76 males and 37 females) in the age ranges 18-23, 40-45 and 60-65 years, permanently residing in Moscow. The survey of the respondents at the main stage of the research was carried out using: (1) the authors questionnaire developed on the basis of the results of the search stage and including 29 statements; (2) a scale of self-assessed degree of religiosity; (3) a modified D. Feldes Psychological Distance Scale; (4) a modified sentence completion method; (5) the Bubbles technique and (6) a question pool for obtaining socio-demographic information. The results showed that the emotional component of SRs of the mentally ill changed their modality depending on the survey methods used. When the respondents evaluated the statements of the questionnaire, the core of SRs in both groups contained elements that were extremely sympathetic towards the mentally ill, and the statements revealing negative emotions (the possibility of contracting a mental illness or the need to isolate these people from society) were on the periphery of their representations. At the same time, the data of the projective methods showed that the negative representation background (as compared to the positive one) in relation to mentally ill people significantly predominated among both believers and non-believers. The negative representation of the mentally ill is most pronounced in the group of non-believers and reaches the highest rates in the group of 60-65-year-old respondents. We regard such ambivalence as a manifestation of cognitive polyphasia and, in particular, its variety, i.e., selective prevalence.

STYLISTIC DEVICES IN REVEALING CHARACTERS’ EMOTIONS AND WAYS OF THEIR TRANSLATION

The present research focuses on the analysis of the most common stylistic devices that are used to depict characters’ emotions in two novels “Flowers for Algernon” (2006) and “The Minds of Billy Milligan” (1995) written by the American author Daniel Keyes. The patterns of translation of emotionally coloured extracts of the text where these stylistic devices have been used are analysed in this research. As stylistic devices are considered to be an integral part of the composition of works of fiction and they add emotional colouring and exert pragmatic influence on the readers, translators Viktor Shovkun and Olena Stusenko faced onerous work as their task was to find accurate equivalents and use translation transformations in order to avoid literal translation, achieve adequacy on all levels and preserve the stylistic colouring. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that the translation should fully replace the original text and recipients should perceive the translated text as identical to the original even though stylistic devices and the emotional component of linguistic semantics are arduous to convey in translation. This research also concludes that translators most often resorted to lexical (concretization, generalization and modulation), lexico-grammatical (omission and addition) and grammatical (verbalization and nominalization) translation transformations to avoid literal translation. It has also been established and verified by a comparative method that more stylistic devices are used in the Ukrainian translation than in the original text. The most widely used stylistic devices are metaphors, epithets, comparisons and idioms. Key words: stylistic device, translation transformation, source text, target text, pragmatics, communicative intention, emotions.

Reconstruction of the Motives and Goals of the First Colonizers of Siberia Based on the Materials of the Russian Colonization of the Far East

The article reconstructs individual characteristics of the subjects of the initial colonization of Siberia and the Far East and episodes of their advance to new lands. The main methodological approach of the research is the principle of historicism, as well as the principle of “activity constitutes”, widespread in psychological science, according to which identical activities and external conditions should give rise to similar worldview systems. On the basis of this premise, the possibility of judgments by analogy is substantiated in relation to the motives and goals of the first colonizers of Siberia based on the materials of the development of the Far East by the Russians. On the basis of materials of personal origin, the author examines the strategies of legitimizing individual actions of the pioneers through forcing the factor of external threat, as well as using the idea of “state good”. The colonialists use these arguments as a justification for their own actions in the east. At the same time, the acts of colonization undertaken by them have an adventurous connotation characterized by actions with a pronounced emotional component of the decisions made. The problems of relations with aborigines are considered separately. It is concluded that the idea of “peaceful peasant colonization”, which has a civilizing significance for the local population is untenable, as well as the conventionality of the transition of the aborigines under the authority of the Moscow government, which is fully realized by the pioneers.

Instegating Pne In Patient Of Algophobic Chronic Low Back Pain

Chronic low back pain is the leading cause of disability and health care usage and is also a common condition requiring Physio therapeutic intervention. The most common symptom in musculoskeletal condition is pain. Pain which lasts for less than a 3 months is called as acute pain which last more is defined as chronic pain. Pain is a complex phenomenon involving both emotional and physical component. Current intervention and approaches are more physical component based which leads to treatment of just physical component. the emotional component usually leads to avoidance the avoidance can be because of fear of pain which is termed as algophobia Pain Neuroscience education is useful approaching treatment of emotional component of pain. pne approach includes explanation of pain using photos images videos or even verbally In this report a 65year-old female came with complaints of chronic low back pain for 6 months the p ain was present on the left side. Intervention used is pain neuroscience education to ­­chronic low back pain. The report represents the effectiveness of PNE with the conventional mode of treatment is useful in the treatment of chronic low back pain. The results demonstrated improvement in quality of life and reduced fear and catastrophization.

Transparency and mirroring of literary translations of fairy tales by the English writers

The subject of this research is the English-Russian translation of fairy tales from the perspective of transparency and mirroring. The goal of this research is to determine the strategy for literary translation of the Englis fairy tales. Linguostylistic and comparative analysis is conducted on B. Zakhoder's translations of such fairy tales as “Alice in Wonderland” by L. Carroll, “Winnie the Pooh and All, All, All” by A. Milne, and “Mary Poppins” by P. Travers. The modern theory of translation largely focuses on the various aspects of equivalence and adequacy of the original and translated texts; describes the requirements for the quality of translation, including literary translation. Russian and foreign researchers show heightened attention to the concepts of transparency and mirroring in translation, namely literary translation of children's literature substantiated by the specificity of the target audience. The scientific novelty consists in application of the modern postulates of the theory of translation to children's literature, which broadens knowledge in this scientific field. The main conclusion lies in following the theory of translation transparency for the child reader in translation of children's literature. As a result of the analysis of B. Zakhader’s translations of fairy tales by L. Carroll, A. Milne, and P. Travers into the Russian language, it is noted that they reflect the general patterns of translation children's fiction, take into account psychological characteristics of the audience, text is adapted to be comprehensible for children, considerable attention is given to the emotional component, expressiveness, and humor. Although B. Zakhoder’s translations are not the full interpretation, he follows the theory of transparency. Imaginative interpretation of the text demonstrates the specificity of translator’s individual style.