scholarly journals Acetabular ventroversion using the sacroiliac wedge, with or without pelvic osteotomies in dogs: an ex vivo study

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 643-648
Author(s):  
Fernanda M. Ikenaga ◽  
Jessé R. Rocha ◽  
Leonardo L. Carvalho ◽  
Cristiane S. Honsho ◽  
Fernanda G.G. Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acetabular Coverage ◽  
Joint Stability ◽  
Canine Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Wedge Technique

ABSTRACT: Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a common condition observed in the surgical clinics for small animals. Among the surgical techniques for management of CHD, triple pelvic osteotomy and sacroiliac wedge promote acetabular lateral axial rotation (ventroversion), increasing acetabular coverage and joint stability. The present study aimed to evaluate radiographically, by measuring the Norberg angle (NA) and the acetabular coverage percentage (ACP), the acetabular ventroversion induced by the sacroiliac wedge technique, with or without pelvic osteotomies; we also checked the feasibility of wedges made of polyamide with an angulation of 20° and 30°. The software used to measure NA and ACP was AutoCAD® 2009. Pelves from 10 canine corpses were evaluated radiographically at four time-points: M0 (Control Group), M1 (wedges of 20° and 30°), M2 and M3 (wedges associated with bilateral pubis and ischium osteotomies, respectively). There was no significant increase in the acetabular ventroversion at M1, M2, and M3. The polyamide sacroiliac wedge technique proved to be feasible, stable, and easy to apply. Further, the software proved to be efficient and easy to use for NA and ACP measurements. In the present study, even in the cases of non-dysplasic adult canine corpses, it was concluded that the sacroiliac wedge technique does not require to be accompanied by pubis and ischial osteotomies because they did not significantly increase the NA and ACP.

Evaluation of the dorsal acetabular coverage obtained by a modified triple pelvic osteotomy (2.5 pelvic osteotomy)

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 385-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tamburro ◽  
T. Nicetto ◽  
M. P. Kowaleski ◽  
M. Petazzoni
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Relative Orientation ◽  
Acetabular Coverage ◽  
Kirschner Wires ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Acetabular Rim

SummaryObjectives: To evaluate the acetabular ventroversion obtained with a modified triple pelvic osteotomy (2.5 PO) compared with that resulting from standard double pelvic osteotomy (DPO).Study design: Ex vivo study.Animals: Seven pelves obtained from skeletally mature dogs with a total body weight ranging from 26–41 kg were used.Methods: Unilateral DPO technique and dorsal ischial mono-cortical osteotomy were performed on every right hemipelvis. Angular ventral rotation was measured by determining the relative orientation of two Kirschner wires placed in the ilial wing and in the dorsal acetabular rim.Results: The mean angle of ventroversion was 9.5 ± 5.2 degrees for the DPO group (range 2.1–18.1) and 10.9 ± 4.8 degrees for the 2.5 PO group (range 4.1–19.5). The mean difference between the 2.5 PO and DPO was 1.5 ± 0.6 degrees (range 0.5–2.1).Conclusions: The 2.5 PO technique increased acetabular ventroversion versus DPO.

Evaluation of an overlapping pubic and ischiatic osteotomy for the improvement of acetabular ventroversion in dogs: an ex vivo study

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (06) ◽  
pp. 499-506
Author(s):  
James Roush ◽  
David Biller ◽  
Julie Gervais
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Surgical Equipment ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Pelvic Inlet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients At Risk ◽  
Canine Hip Dysplasia ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

SummaryObjectives: To assess the potential of a new single-session surgical procedure, the overlapping pubic and ischiatic osteotomy (OPIO) for modification of bilateral hip conformation. We hypothesized that OPIO would be simple to perform with currently available surgical equipment, through a single surgical approach, with minimal potential morbidity, and that it would allow adequate simultaneous bilateral improvement of coxofemoral joint conformation in patients at risk of canine hip dysplasia.Methods: The OPIO procedure was performed in the pelves of five large breed canine cadavers. Computed tomography images of each cadaver were compared by measurement of the dorsal acetabular rim angle (DARA), acetabular angle (AA), dorso-ventral sacroiliac ratio (SR), and pubic inlet area before and after OPIO.Results: Coxofemoral joint conformation was improved after OPIO. Postoperative DARA was significantly decreased (mean: –5.09°) and AA was significantly increased (mean: 3.54°) after OPIO. The SR was not significantly different after OPIO, indicating minimal impact on the sacro-illiac joints by the procedure. Pubic inlet dimensions and area were significantly decreased after OPIO, but the overall effect on pelvic inlet area was clinically insignificant.Clinical significance: An OPIO allows some improvement of coxofemoral joint conformation in canine cadavers.

Effects of Dall-Miles Cables on the Cement Mantle in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
R. Kingston ◽  
J. Noël ◽  
B. Murphy ◽  
T. C Lee ◽  
M.G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cement Mantle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dall-Miles cables are widely used for trochanteric re-attachment in hip arthroplasty, but their effects on the cement mantle have not been reported. We have carried out an ex vivo study to investigate the influence of cables on the mantle. Charnley femoral components were implanted in eight proximal human femora using Palacos cement. Wires (control group, n=4) or 2mm stainless steel Dall-Miles cables (n=4) were passed through holes drilled in the proximal femur before the cement was introduced. The wires or cables were tightened using the appropriate instruments after the cement had hardened. The specimens were sectioned using a diamond saw, and examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy before and after staining with penetrant dye. Deformation of the strands at the tension edge of each cable, with debonding from the cement in two specimens, was observed. There was no damage to cement at the compression edge. Tensioning of Dall-Miles cables passing through Palacos cement does not appear to damage the mantle.

scholarly journals Histological Ex Vivo Evaluation of Peri-Incisional Thermal Effect Created by a New-Generation CO2Superpulsed Laser

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palaia ◽  
A. Del Vecchio ◽  
A. Impellizzeri ◽  
G. Tenore ◽  
P. Visca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the histological effects of a new-generation superpulsed CO2laser through an “ex vivo” study. A CO2(λ = 10,600 nm) ultra-speed laser (SmartUS20D, DEKA, Florence, Italy) has been used at different parameters from 2 to 4 watt in Continuous Wave (CW) and Pulsed Wave (PW, 50 Hz) to obtain 30 samples from pig cadaver tongues. All the specimens have been subdivided into 6 groups (from A to F) and each group consisted of 5 samples. A final specimen has been taken by scalpel and used as control group. Histological analysis has been performed using an optical microscope (Leica DM 2000) at a magnification of ×40. Results showed that histological readability was optimal in all the samples. The thermal damage has been negligible in all the groups. Furthermore, the average of thermal damage was 0,095 mm in the epithelial, while it was 0.245 mm in the connective tissue. Statistical analysis using Graphpad Prism 5 software showed no significant differences among the groups. CO2laser demonstrated a good surgical effectiveness provoking little peripheral damage onto the cut edges and allowing a safe histological diagnosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Toothpastes with Different Abrasives on Eroded Human Enamel: An in situ/ex vivo Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Coelho Ferreira ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Ricardo de Sousa Vieirac
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the abrasive effect of CaCO3 and SiO2-based fluoride-free experimental toothpastes on eroded human permanent dental enamel and evaluate the effectiveness of waiting periods between acid exposure and tooth brushing. Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances containing human enamel blocks for two periods of five days each. The appliances were immersed in a soft drink for five minutes four times a day (9:00 am, 11:00 am, 2:00 pm and 4:00 pm). On two occasions, two blocks were not submitted to additional treatment; two blocks were brushed (30 s) either with a CaCO3 or SiO2 toothpaste immediately after erosion and two blocks were brushed 1 h after erosion. Thus, the sample was divided into six groups: erosion alone (CaCO3 and SiO2 control); brushing with fluoride-free toothpaste (CaCO3 immediate and 1 h after erosion; SiO2 immediate and 1 h after erosion). Significant differences in wear depth were found between the enamel blocks in the CaCO3 immediate and 1 h after erosion groups and the blocks in the CaCO3 control group (p=0.001; p=0.022). No significant differences were found regarding the change in roughness and wear depth between blocks submitted to immediate abrasion and 1 h after erosion (CaCO3 and SiO2). The data revealed that surface roughness and wear depth is increased when erosion is combined with dental abrasion, regardless of the abrasive used. Waiting for 1 h to brush the eroded blocks offered no protective effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
KG Nischith ◽  
GPV Srikumar ◽  
Shuaib Razvi ◽  
R Vinay Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. Materials and methods Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Group A of 25 teeth and group B of 25 teeth and a control group of 10 teeth. Cleaning and shaping of the root canals were performed using endodontic K-files up to no. 50 size file in step-back technique. During the process, in root canals of group A, 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by 3% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used as root canal irrigant. In group B, MTAD (mixture tetracycline citric acid and detergent) was used as a root canal irrigant. In control group, saline was used as root canal irrigant. The root surfaces were then coated with nail polish of both experimental groups and control group. The samples were then immersed in India ink dye for 1 week at 37°C. Results The statistical analysis of the results showed that the apical leakage was significantly more in teeth, where smear layer was not removed. Conclusion The removal of smear layer improves the longterm apical seal and success of endodontically treated teeth. Clinical significance The development and maintenance of apical seal is desirable and considered to be a major prerequisite to improve the outcome of root canal treatment. How to cite this article Nischith KG, Srikumar GPV, Razvi S, Chandra RV. Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):23-26.

The impact of direct vertebral body derotation on the lumbar prominence in Lenke Type 5C curves

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven W. Hwang ◽  
Ornella M. Dubaz ◽  
Robert Ames ◽  
Alex Rothkrug ◽  
Jeff S. Kimball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Body ◽  
Thoracic Kyphosis ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Axial Rotation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rib Hump ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

Object The thoracic rib hump, caused by axial rotation of the spine, is one of the most dissatisfying cosmetic features associated with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, advances in instrumentation and surgical techniques, such as direct vertebral body derotation (DVBD), have allowed improved correction in the axial plane and the rib hump. In cases of thoracolumbar/lumbar curves (Lenke Type 5), the lumbar prominence can be equally disfiguring and is often associated with waist asymmetry, another cosmetic concern. Although DVBD has been evaluated in the thoracic spine, little is known about its impact on the lumbar spine. The authors investigated the outcomes of DVBD on the lumbar prominence. Methods A prospectively collected multicenter database was queried for pediatric patients with AIS and Lenke Type 5 curves. All patients who underwent thoracoplasty procedures were excluded. A total of 34 patients underwent surgical correction via a posterior-only approach using pedicle screw constructs. Nineteen patients underwent concurrent DVBD, and the remaining 15 patients served as a control group and did not undergo DVBD. All patients had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Results The mean age of the entire cohort was 14.9 ± 2.3 years, and the majority of patients were female (88%). All patients had Lenke Type 5C curves with a mean major curve of 46.0° ± 8.7°, which corrected to 13.7° ± 7.2° (70% correction). A mean of 10.7 ± 3.0 levels were fused. Only thoracic kyphosis was significantly different between the groups preoperatively. Similarly, postoperative radiographic parameters were comparable between the groups, with equivalent percentages of correction. Although improvement in the thoracic rib hump was comparable between the groups, the DVBD group had 56.2% correction of the lumbar prominence, and the control group had 76% improvement (p = 0.05). Conclusions Although DVBD has been a valuable tool in the management of AIS, the authors' results suggest that its application for thoracolumbar curves may be limited. Further analysis with a larger cohort is required to better ascertain the impact of DVBD on thoracolumbar curves.

Diagnostic Potential of Panoramic Radiography and CBCT in Detecting Implant-Related Ex Vivo Injuries of the Inferior Alveolar Canal Border

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigit Sirin ◽  
Senem Yildirimturk ◽  
Sinan Horasan ◽  
Koray Guven
Keyword(s):  
Panoramic Radiography ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Canal ◽  
Cone Beam Computerized Tomography ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the diagnostic performances of panoramic radiography and cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) in detecting implant-related injuries of the inferior alveolar canal. Monocortical bone windows were created in 60 fresh sheep hemimandibles, the inferior alveolar canals were revealed and 120 dental implants were inserted. Three types of injuries, described as pilot drill damage (PDRILL), collapsing of the superior border of the canal (COLL), penetration of the implant tip into the canal (PENET) and one control group, were simulated. Standard (PANO) and dentition mode panoramic (PANO-DENT) images as well as CBCT data presented as multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) and cross-sectional (CROSS) views were evaluated by 6 observers who had also expressed their level of confidence to their final diagnosis. Intra- and interobserver agreement scores were rated good. The area under the curve (AUC) values and the confidence scores for CROSS and multiplanar reformation (MPR) views were both significantly higher than those of PANO and PANO-DENT (P < .05 for each) in PDRILL group. In COLL group, observers showed less confidence to PANO and PANO-DENT compared to CROSS and MPR techniques (P < .05 for each). No other significant differences were found. Within the limits of this experimental study, it can be suggested that the standard and dentition modes of panoramic radiography can be as effective as CBCT in the detection of penetrating and collapsing injuries, but multiplanar and cross-sectional views of the CBCT are more accurate than panoramic radiography in the detection of pilot drill injuries in sheep mandible.

scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination, or their combination in open-flap surface decontamination of implants failed for peri-implantitis: an ex vivo study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pranno ◽  
Maria Paola Cristalli ◽  
Fabio Mengoni ◽  
Ilaria Sauzullo ◽  
Susanna Annibali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
Surgical Exposure ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Decontamination ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Abstract Objectives To compare, using an ex vivo model, the biofilm removal of three surface decontamination methods following surgical exposure of implants failed for severe peri-implantitis. Materials and methods The study design was a single-blind, randomized, controlled, ex vivo investigation with intra-subject control. Study participants were 20 consecutive patients with at least 4 hopeless implants, in function for >12 months and with progressive bone loss exceeding 50%, which had to be explanted. Implants of each patient were randomly assigned to the untreated control group or one of the three decontamination procedures: mechanical debridement with air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination with hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine gluconate, or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination. Following surgical exposure, implants selected as control were retrieved, and afterwards, test implants were decontaminated according to allocation and carefully explanted with a removal kit. Microbiological analysis was expressed in colony-forming-units (CFU/ml). Results A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the concentrations of CFU/ml was found between implants treated with mechanical debridement (531.58 ± 372.07) or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination (954.05 ± 2219.31) and implants untreated (37,800.00 ± 46,837.05) or treated with chemical decontamination alone (29,650.00 ± 42,596.20). No statistically significant difference (p = 1.000) was found between mechanical debridement used alone or supplemented with chemical decontamination. Microbiological analyses identified 21 microbial species, without significant differences between control and treatment groups. Conclusions Bacterial biofilm removal from infected implant surfaces was significantly superior for mechanical debridement than chemical decontamination. Clinical relevance The present is the only ex vivo study based on decontamination methods for removing actual and mature biofilm from infected implant surfaces in patients with peri-implantitis.

scholarly journals Ex vivo study of use of physiotherapy ultrasound in polymethylmethacrylate beads doped with methylene blue as an antibiotic carrier

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Milanez Ávila Dias Maciel ◽  
Sheila Canevese Rahal ◽  
Alessandra Melchert ◽  
Tulio Genari Filho ◽  
Carlos Dias Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Material ◽  
Low Intensity Ultrasound ◽  
Gelatin Sample ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Polymethylmethacrylate bone cement is a standard material used as antibiotic carrier in the orthopedic surgery. The ultrasonic energy method is capable of triggering biological effects based on both thermal and non-thermal mechanisms. The aim of the current study is to analyze methylene blue dispersion in polymethylmethacrylate beads, in association with the acoustic field generated by non-thermal ultrasound. Forty-nine specimens were used, and each specimen comprised one polymethylmethacrylate bead (0.6-mm diameter) doped with methylene blue and deposited in gelatin sample. Forty test specimens were divided into four groups comprising 10 samples, each, based on different ultrasound intensities (Group 1: 1.0 W/cm2; Group 2: 1.5 W/cm2) and polymethylmethacrylate bead depths (A - 2 cm; B - 3 cm) in gelatin sample. The control group comprised other nine specimens and statistically differed from the other groups. All groups irradiated with ultrasound have shown statistically significant differences in methylene blue dispersion, except for Groups 2A and 2B. Methylene blue dispersion in gelatin among groups was 1A> 1B; 2A> 1A; 2B> 1A; 2A> 1B; and 2B> 1B. Low-intensity ultrasound enabled the highest methylene blue dispersion when polymethylmethacrylate bead was positioned superficial; bead depth associated with high-intensity ultrasound did not influence methylene blue dispersion.

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