scholarly journals Comparison of the effects of air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination, or their combination in open-flap surface decontamination of implants failed for peri-implantitis: an ex vivo study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Pranno ◽  
Maria Paola Cristalli ◽  
Fabio Mengoni ◽  
Ilaria Sauzullo ◽  
Susanna Annibali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Chemical Decontamination ◽  
Surgical Exposure ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surface Decontamination ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

Abstract Objectives To compare, using an ex vivo model, the biofilm removal of three surface decontamination methods following surgical exposure of implants failed for severe peri-implantitis. Materials and methods The study design was a single-blind, randomized, controlled, ex vivo investigation with intra-subject control. Study participants were 20 consecutive patients with at least 4 hopeless implants, in function for >12 months and with progressive bone loss exceeding 50%, which had to be explanted. Implants of each patient were randomly assigned to the untreated control group or one of the three decontamination procedures: mechanical debridement with air-powder abrasion, chemical decontamination with hydrogen peroxide and chlorhexidine gluconate, or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination. Following surgical exposure, implants selected as control were retrieved, and afterwards, test implants were decontaminated according to allocation and carefully explanted with a removal kit. Microbiological analysis was expressed in colony-forming-units (CFU/ml). Results A statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in the concentrations of CFU/ml was found between implants treated with mechanical debridement (531.58 ± 372.07) or combined mechanical-chemical decontamination (954.05 ± 2219.31) and implants untreated (37,800.00 ± 46,837.05) or treated with chemical decontamination alone (29,650.00 ± 42,596.20). No statistically significant difference (p = 1.000) was found between mechanical debridement used alone or supplemented with chemical decontamination. Microbiological analyses identified 21 microbial species, without significant differences between control and treatment groups. Conclusions Bacterial biofilm removal from infected implant surfaces was significantly superior for mechanical debridement than chemical decontamination. Clinical relevance The present is the only ex vivo study based on decontamination methods for removing actual and mature biofilm from infected implant surfaces in patients with peri-implantitis.

Aerosol generation through pars plana vitrectomy

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-317214
Author(s):  
Hasan Naveed ◽  
Fong May Chew ◽  
Hanbin Lee ◽  
Edward Hughes ◽  
Mayank A Nanavaty
Keyword(s):  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Aerosol Generation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Optical Particle Counter ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
23 Gauge ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

PurposeTo assess whether pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) in an ex vivo experimental model.MethodsIn this ex vivo study on 10 porcine eyes, optical particle counter was used to measure particles ≤10 μm using cumulative mode in the six in-built channels: 0.3 μm, 0.5 μm, 1 μm, 2.5 μm, 5 μm and 10 μm aerosols during PPV. Two parts of the study were as follows: (1) to assess the pre-experimental baseline aerosol count in the theatre environment where there are dynamic changes in temperature and humidity and (2) to measure aerosol generation with 23-gauge and 25-gauge set-up. For each porcine eye, five measurements were taken for each consecutive step in the experiment including pre-PPV, during PPV, fluid–air exchange (FAX) and venting using a flute with 23-gauge set-up and a chimney with 25-gauge set-up. Therefore, a total of 200 measurements were recorded.ResultsWith 23-gauge and 25-gauge PPV, there was no significant difference in aerosol generation in all six channels comparing pre-PPV versus PPV or pre-PPV versus FAX. Venting using flute with 23-gauge PPV showed significant reduction of aerosol ≤1 μm. Air venting using chimney with 25-gauge set-up showed no significant difference in aerosol of ≤1 μm. For cumulative aerosol counts of all particles measuring ≤5 μm, compared with pre-PPV, PPV or FAX, flute venting in 23-gauge set-up showed significant reduction unlike the same comparison for chimney venting in 25-gauge set-up.ConclusionPPV and its associate steps do not generate aerosols ≤10 μm with 23-gauge and 25-gauge set-ups.

scholarly journals Ex vivo and in vivo study of Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in the measurement of intraocular pressure in cats

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3647
Author(s):  
Claudia Lizandra Ricci ◽  
Rogério Giuffrida ◽  
Glaucia Prada Kanashiro ◽  
Hilidia Stephania Rufino Belezzi ◽  
Carolina De Carvalho Bacarin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Healthy Eyes

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the Kowa HA-2 applanation tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) in cats. Ten healthy eyes were used in an ex vivo study in which the calibration curve for manometry vs. tonometry was determined by artificially raising the IOP in 5 mmHg increments up to 60 mmHg (10-60 mmHg). Both eyes of 10 anesthetized cats were studiedin vivo to compare manometry vs. tonometry. In the ambulatory study, 78 healthy eyes, 7 eyes with glaucoma and 20 eyes with uveitis were evaluated by tonometry, which was performed with topical anesthesia and 1% fluorescein eye drops for the formation of fluorescein semicircles. The correlation coefficient (r²) between the manometer and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer was 0.993 and the linear regression equation was y = 0.0915x + 0.0878 in the ex-vivo study. In the in vivo study, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) in manometry were 15.6 ± 1.1(14.0 – 17.5) and in tonometry were 15.5 ± 1.2(13.5 – 17.2), with no significant difference (P > 0.05) between manometry and tonometry. In ambulatory study, using the Kowa HA-2 tonometer, the IOP values (mean±SD, in mmHg) were 15.0 ± 1.5 (11.8 – 18.3) for the healthy eyes, 38.4 ± 8.1(29.6 – 53.7) for glaucomatous eyes and 10.4 ± 2.0(5.3 – 12.2) for eyes with uveitis. There was a strong correlation and accuracy between the IOP values with the manometry and the Kowa HA-2 tonometer. In the ambulatorystudy the IOP values obtained with the tonometer were compatible for animals with healthy eyes and with clinical signs of glaucoma and uveitis. We conclude that the Kowa HA-2 tonometer can be used in the measurement of IOP in cats, since it is a practical and accurate method in this species.

scholarly journals Burst Pressures in Eyes with Clear Corneal Incisions Treated with ReSure Glue

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ahmed E. M. Shehata ◽  
Siva P. Kambhampati ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Uri S. Soiberman
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Early Postoperative Period ◽  
Burst Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Nylon Suture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biodegradable Hydrogel ◽  
Suture Group ◽  
Corneal Incisions

Purpose. This study aims to measure burst pressures in 3 mm clear corneal incisions sealed with ReSure, a biodegradable hydrogel sealant, and to compare it to traditional 10-0 nylon sutures and unsealed controls. Design. An ex vivo animal study. Methods. 3 mm clear corneal incisions were performed in rabbit eyes (ex vivo). The burst pressure was determined, and then, the incisions were sealed with either ReSure glue or a single 10-0 nylon suture. Burst pressure measurements were repeated. Results. Fourteen eyes were included. The median burst pressure in the suture-control group (7 eyes) prior to suture application was 7 mmHg (range: 0–45); the median burst pressure in the 7 glue-controls was 36 mmHg (range: 5–61, p  = 0.08 for the comparison of the two control groups). The median burst pressure in the glue group was 93 mmHg (range: 39–129, p  = 0.043 when compared to glue-control). The median burst pressure in the suture group was 158 mmHg (range: 70–180, p  = 0.018 when compared to suture-control). There was no statistically significant difference in burst pressure values between the glue and suture groups ( p  = 0.08). Conclusion. In this study, ReSure glue applied to 3 mm clear corneal incisions provided sufficient resistance to elevated intraocular pressure when compared to controls. The results of this study suggest that ReSure glue may be comparable to a single 10-0 nylon suture in resisting fluid egress during the early postoperative period.

The Influence of Implant Shape on Primary Stability of Implants With a Thread Cutting and Forming Design: An Ex Vivo Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cagatay Dayan ◽  
Onur Geckili ◽  
Canan Bural
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Primary Stability ◽  
Type I ◽  
Resonance Frequency Analysis ◽  
Implant Stability ◽  
Thread Cutting ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Experienced Clinician ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The design of an implant has a great effect on primary stability. The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in primary stability between straight and tapered Neoss ProActive implants in type I and type III bones using resonance frequency analysis (RFA) and electronic percussive testing (EPT) methods. Fresh cow vertebrae and pelvis were used as models of type III and type i bone, respectively. Implants of 2 different designs—straight and tapered Neoss ProActive implants with a thread cutting and forming (TCF) design, both 3.5-mm wide and 11-mm long—were placed in both types of bone (n = 60). The primary stability of all implants was measured by an experienced clinician blinded to the study protocol using the EPT and RFA devices. No statistically significant difference was found between the implant stability quotients and the percussive test values of straight and tapered implants in either bone type. Within the limitations of this ex vivo study, it may be concluded that the shape of an implant with a TCF design does not affect primary stability.

Effects of Dall-Miles Cables on the Cement Mantle in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Cadaveric Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
R. Kingston ◽  
J. Noël ◽  
B. Murphy ◽  
T. C Lee ◽  
M.G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cement Mantle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Diamond Saw ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dall-Miles cables are widely used for trochanteric re-attachment in hip arthroplasty, but their effects on the cement mantle have not been reported. We have carried out an ex vivo study to investigate the influence of cables on the mantle. Charnley femoral components were implanted in eight proximal human femora using Palacos cement. Wires (control group, n=4) or 2mm stainless steel Dall-Miles cables (n=4) were passed through holes drilled in the proximal femur before the cement was introduced. The wires or cables were tightened using the appropriate instruments after the cement had hardened. The specimens were sectioned using a diamond saw, and examined by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy before and after staining with penetrant dye. Deformation of the strands at the tension edge of each cable, with debonding from the cement in two specimens, was observed. There was no damage to cement at the compression edge. Tensioning of Dall-Miles cables passing through Palacos cement does not appear to damage the mantle.

scholarly journals Histological Ex Vivo Evaluation of Peri-Incisional Thermal Effect Created by a New-Generation CO2Superpulsed Laser

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Palaia ◽  
A. Del Vecchio ◽  
A. Impellizzeri ◽  
G. Tenore ◽  
P. Visca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Thermal Damage ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Control Group ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The purpose of this study is the evaluation of the histological effects of a new-generation superpulsed CO2laser through an “ex vivo” study. A CO2(λ = 10,600 nm) ultra-speed laser (SmartUS20D, DEKA, Florence, Italy) has been used at different parameters from 2 to 4 watt in Continuous Wave (CW) and Pulsed Wave (PW, 50 Hz) to obtain 30 samples from pig cadaver tongues. All the specimens have been subdivided into 6 groups (from A to F) and each group consisted of 5 samples. A final specimen has been taken by scalpel and used as control group. Histological analysis has been performed using an optical microscope (Leica DM 2000) at a magnification of ×40. Results showed that histological readability was optimal in all the samples. The thermal damage has been negligible in all the groups. Furthermore, the average of thermal damage was 0,095 mm in the epithelial, while it was 0.245 mm in the connective tissue. Statistical analysis using Graphpad Prism 5 software showed no significant differences among the groups. CO2laser demonstrated a good surgical effectiveness provoking little peripheral damage onto the cut edges and allowing a safe histological diagnosis.

scholarly journals Effect of Toothpastes with Different Abrasives on Eroded Human Enamel: An in situ/ex vivo Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meire Coelho Ferreira ◽  
Maria Letícia Ramos-Jorge ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Ricardo de Sousa Vieirac
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Soft Drink ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wear Depth ◽  
Human Enamel ◽  
Waiting Periods ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

The aim of the present study was to investigate the abrasive effect of CaCO3 and SiO2-based fluoride-free experimental toothpastes on eroded human permanent dental enamel and evaluate the effectiveness of waiting periods between acid exposure and tooth brushing. Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances containing human enamel blocks for two periods of five days each. The appliances were immersed in a soft drink for five minutes four times a day (9:00 am, 11:00 am, 2:00 pm and 4:00 pm). On two occasions, two blocks were not submitted to additional treatment; two blocks were brushed (30 s) either with a CaCO3 or SiO2 toothpaste immediately after erosion and two blocks were brushed 1 h after erosion. Thus, the sample was divided into six groups: erosion alone (CaCO3 and SiO2 control); brushing with fluoride-free toothpaste (CaCO3 immediate and 1 h after erosion; SiO2 immediate and 1 h after erosion). Significant differences in wear depth were found between the enamel blocks in the CaCO3 immediate and 1 h after erosion groups and the blocks in the CaCO3 control group (p=0.001; p=0.022). No significant differences were found regarding the change in roughness and wear depth between blocks submitted to immediate abrasion and 1 h after erosion (CaCO3 and SiO2). The data revealed that surface roughness and wear depth is increased when erosion is combined with dental abrasion, regardless of the abrasive used. Waiting for 1 h to brush the eroded blocks offered no protective effect.

scholarly journals Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
KG Nischith ◽  
GPV Srikumar ◽  
Shuaib Razvi ◽  
R Vinay Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Smear Layer ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Root Canal Irrigant ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of smear layer on apical seal of endodontically treated teeth. Materials and methods Sixty freshly extracted human maxillary central incisor teeth were selected and were randomly divided into two experimental groups. Group A of 25 teeth and group B of 25 teeth and a control group of 10 teeth. Cleaning and shaping of the root canals were performed using endodontic K-files up to no. 50 size file in step-back technique. During the process, in root canals of group A, 17% EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by 3% NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite) was used as root canal irrigant. In group B, MTAD (mixture tetracycline citric acid and detergent) was used as a root canal irrigant. In control group, saline was used as root canal irrigant. The root surfaces were then coated with nail polish of both experimental groups and control group. The samples were then immersed in India ink dye for 1 week at 37°C. Results The statistical analysis of the results showed that the apical leakage was significantly more in teeth, where smear layer was not removed. Conclusion The removal of smear layer improves the longterm apical seal and success of endodontically treated teeth. Clinical significance The development and maintenance of apical seal is desirable and considered to be a major prerequisite to improve the outcome of root canal treatment. How to cite this article Nischith KG, Srikumar GPV, Razvi S, Chandra RV. Effect of Smear Layer on the Apical Seal of Endodontically Treated Teeth: An ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(1):23-26.

scholarly journals Ex-Vivo Study, The Effect of Standardized Eurycoma longifolia Extract on The Enzyme Activity of Rosiglitazone N-Demethylase

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Purwantiningsih Purwantiningsih ◽  
Abas Hj Hussin ◽  
Kit Lam Chan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Demethylase Activity

Eurycoma longifolia (E. longifolia) or also known as Earth Pasak in Indonesia, has been used widely, especially to increase stamina in men. The use of herbal medicines in the long run opens up the opportunities for the influence of herbal medicines on metabolic process of other substances. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of E. longifolia extract on rosiglitazone metabolism after oral administration for one and fourteen days, and its effect on rat body weight. The rats were divided into two groups, group for one day treatment (divided into 8 subgroups with n = 6: I (control), II to VIII (were given extract at doses of 1 to 1000 mg / kg BW) and 14 days (rats divided into 4 subgroups, n = 6 : I (control), II to IV (treated with extracts of doses 5, 25 and 50 mg / kg BW). At the end of the experiment, test animals were sacrificed and rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in hepatocytes was determined by measuring the amount of formaldehid formed at 415 nm. The rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity in all groups was analyzed by analysis of  variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Test (P <0.05). The percentage of the changing in the body weight in the 14 days treatment group was compared to the control group. The results showed there was a significant increased in the rosiglitazone N-demethylase activity after rats were treated with E. longifolia extract at doses of 5 to 1000 mg / kg BB, but was not significantly different at a dose of 1 mg / kg BW when compared with control group. For the 14 days treatment, there was no significant difference between the treatment group and the control group, both for the rosiglitazone N-demethylase enzyme activity or the changed of rat body weight.

scholarly journals Comparison of the amount of apically extruded debris produced by four retreatment techniques: an ex vivo study

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Cristiane Ferreira Alfenas ◽  
Inês de Fátima De Azevedo Jacinto Inojosa ◽  
Júlio César De Azevedo Carvalhal ◽  
Mariana Teixeira Maneschy Faria ◽  
Fernanda Freitas Lins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nickel Titanium ◽  
Filling Material ◽  
Root Canal Filling ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ex Vivo Study ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the amount of apically extruded debris during the removal of root canal filling material using nickel-titanium rotary retreatment instruments and Hedström files. Material and Methods: sixty mandibular incisors with a single canal were instrumented and obturated by cold lateral compaction. For retreatment, specimens were randomly divided into four groups (n = 15): Hedström files with or without solvent; D-RaCe system and Mtwo retreatment system. Debris extruded apically during the removal of canal filling material was collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days. The weight of the dry extruded debris was established by subtracting the preretreatment and postretreatment weight of the Eppendorf tubes for each group. The mean weights of extruded material were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: the results showed that all retreatment techniques caused apical extrusion of debris, but no statistically significant difference was observed between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: under the conditions of this study, all retreatment techniques caused apical debris extrusion.

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