scholarly journals Excess weight and dyslipidemia and their complications during pregnancy: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento ◽  
Willian Barbosa Sales ◽  
Raquel Fleig ◽  
Grazielle Dutra da Silva ◽  
Jean Carl Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Key Words Lipids ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives: to identify bibliographically disorders related to excess weight, dyslipidemia and their complication during pregnancy and in the fetus and newborn. Methods: a systematic review including observational and interventional studies and reviews, based on MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase and the Cochrane Library between 2000 and 2015. The key-words "lipids, pregnancy, obesity and newborn" were used to establish a selective stage for inclusion/exclusion of titles, repeated studies, key-words, abstracts, methodological incompatibility and correlation with objectives. Results: 58 studies were selected, of which 36 (62%) addressed prevention and the risk in pregnancy of excess weight and lipid disorders and 19 (32.7%) suggestions and/or consequences for the fetus and newborn. Conclusions: excess weight and lipidemic disorders in pregnancy are causes for concern in scientific studies, posing risks both for the mother and the newborn. Higher prevalence of caesarian and pre-eclampsia were the two most noteworthy complications for gestational outcomes. In short, the impact on care of maternal habits and excess weight during pregnancy is highly significant, owing to the different degrees of complication in obstetric outcomes and their influence on the clinical characteristics of the newborn.

scholarly journals Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e040644
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Christopher R Wilcox ◽  
Shareen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo review evidence on routinely prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 and potentially affect COVID-19 disease.DesignSystematic review.Data sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science.Study selectionAny design with animal or human models examining a currently prescribed UK drug compared with a control, placebo or sham group, and reporting an effect on ACE2 level, activity or gene expression.Data extraction and synthesisMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OpenGrey from inception to 1 April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for human studies.ResultsWe screened 3360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and one hundred and two were in animal models None examined ACE2 in human lungs. The most frequently examined drugs were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (n=55) and ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) (n=22). More studies reported upregulation than downregulation with ACE-I (n=22), ARBs (n=55), insulin (n=8), thiazolidinedione (n=7) aldosterone agonists (n=3), statins (n=5), oestrogens (n=5) calcium channel blockers (n=3) glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists (n=2) and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=2).ConclusionsThere is an abundance of the academic literature and media reports on the potential of drugs that could attenuate or exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This is leading to trials of repurposed drugs and uncertainty among patients and clinicians concerning continuation or cessation of prescribed medications. Our review indicates that the impact of currently prescribed drugs on ACE2 has been poorly studied in vivo, particularly in human lungs where the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to enact its pathogenic effects. We found no convincing evidence to justify starting or stopping currently prescribed drugs to influence outcomes of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Weight Gain Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Tu-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yu-Chin Chen ◽  
Wei-Yu Chen ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Wei-Yun Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lockdown is an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, but it restricts daily activity. We aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown on pediatric body weight and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Four online databases (EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL) were searched. Results: The pooled results showed that lockdown was associated with significant body weight gain (MD 2.67, 95% CI 2.12–3.23; p < 0.00001). The BMI of children with comorbidities or obesity did not change significantly. The BMI of general population was significantly higher during lockdown than before the pandemic (MD 0.94, 95% CI 0.32–1.56; p = 0.003). However, heterogeneity was high (I2 = 84%). Among changes in weight classification, increases in the rates of obesity (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10–1.37; p = 0.0002) and overweight (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.29; p = 0.001) were reported. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed significant increases in body weight and BMI during lockdown among school-age children and adolescents. The prevalence of obesity and overweight also increased. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the burden of childhood obesity.

scholarly journals Breastfeeding in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review on Prevalence and Potential Benefits

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Carla Colombo ◽  
Gianfranco Alicandro ◽  
Valeria Daccò ◽  
Alessandra Consales ◽  
Fabio Mosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Normative Standard ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Breastfeeding (BF) is considered the normative standard of feeding for all infants. However, the impact of BF in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is not completely defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate BF prevalence in the CF population and its impact on anthropometric and pulmonary outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library for original articles published in English up to 4 December 2020 that report the prevalence of BF and/or any measure of association between BF and anthropometric or pulmonary outcomes. Nine observational studies were identified (six retrospective cohort studies, one prospective cohort study, one survey and one case–control study within a retrospective cohort). The BF rate in CF patients is lower than that of the healthy population (approximately 50–60% of infants were breastfed at any time). The benefits in anthropometric outcomes of BF for >2 months in this at-risk population are unclear. A few relatively small studies suggest a potential benefit of BF in reducing lung infections, although data are inconsistent. The currently available data are insufficient to draw definite conclusions on the benefits of exclusive BF in anthropometric and pulmonary outcomes in CF. Clinical trials evaluating well-defined BF promotion interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could up or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Christopher R Wilcox ◽  
Shareen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To review evidence on routinely prescribed drugs in the UK that could up or downregulate Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and potentially affect COVID-19 disease Design: Systematic review Data source: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science Study selection: Any design with animal or human models examining a currently prescribed UK drug compared to a control, placebo or sham group, and reporting an effect on ACE2 level, activity or gene expression. Data extraction and synthesis: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OpenGrey from inception to 1st April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies. Results: We screened 3,360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and 102 were in animal models None examined ACE2 in human lungs. The most frequently examined drugs were Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (n= 55) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme- Inhibitors (ACE-I) (n= 22). More studies reported upregulation than downregulation with ACE-I (n=22), ARBs (n=55), insulin (n=8), thiazolidinedione (n=7) aldosterone agonists (n=3), statins (n=5), oestrogens (n=5) calcium channel-blockers (n=3) GLP-1 agonists (n=2) and NSAIDs (n=2). Conclusions: There is an abundance of academic literature and media reports on the potential of drugs that could attenuate or exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This is leading to trials of repurposed drugs and uncertainty amongst patients and clinicians concerning continuation or cessation of prescribed medications. Our review indicates that the impact of currently prescribed drugs on ACE2 has been poorly studied in-vivo, particularly in human lungs where the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to enact its pathogenic effects. We found no convincing evidence to justify starting or stopping currently prescribed drugs to influence outcomes of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Refugees, resettlement experiences and mental health: a systematic review of case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Karin Juliane Duvoisin Bulik ◽  
Erminia Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective In 2017 the number of refugees around the world reached 25.4 million. These people make up one of the most vulnerable populations globally. This study aims to understand the strategies refugees used to cope with the impact on their mental health by the difficult pre- and post-resettlement circumstances they encountered. Methods A systematic review of articles reporting case studies concerning adult refugees’ experiences in the hosting country. The electronic databases searched were: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible manuscripts were examined through a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles fitted the inclusion criteria and four main themes were highlighted: reasons for fleeing; the impact of negative experiences on mental health; supportive experiences and coping strategies; and experiences of mental health treatment. Conclusions Refugees present a significant impact on mental health due to pre- and post-migration experiences. The approach offered to this group and reported as the most effective to deal with such an impact was the multidimensional approach that, besides caring for the psychic aspects, contemplated the cultural context of each one, assisted in housing, employment, financial aid, support with learning the new language and social activities.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Ocriplasmin Use for Vitreomacular Adhesion and Its Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Ran You ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yanling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Safe Approach ◽  
Risk Ratios

Symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (sVMA) impedes visual acuity and quality. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease, which may be injected into the vitreous cavity to treat this condition, yet controversy remains with respect to its effectiveness and safety, particularly its patient selection standard. In this systematic review, the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies published prior to August 2020 on the impact of ocriplasmin treatment on VMA release, macular hole (MH) closure, and/or related adverse events (AEs). Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Of 1,186 articles reviewed, 5 randomized controlled trials and 50 cohort studies were ultimately included, representing 4,159 patients. Ocriplasmin significantly increased the rate of VMA release (RR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.99–6.53; 28 days after treatment) and MH closure (RR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.62–9.08; 28 days after treatment) and was associated with visual function improvement. No increased risk for overall AEs was seen in ocriplasmin treatment. The proportion of VMA release and MH closure in patients was 0.50 and 0.36, respectively. VMA release was more likely in patients with absence of epiretinal membrane (ERM). Patients with smaller MH diameter were more likely to achieve MH closure. Evidence from included studies suggests that ocriplasmin is a suitable and safe approach for treating sVMA. ERM and MH status are important factors when considering ocriplasmin treatment.

scholarly journals The impact of institutional repositories: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Demetres ◽  
Diana Delgado ◽  
Drew N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Institutional repositories are platforms for presenting and publicizing scholarly output that might not be suitable to publish in a peer-reviewed journal or that must meet open access requirements. However, there are many challenges associated with their launch and up-keep. The objective of this systematic review was to define the impacts of institutional repositories (IRs) on an academic institution, thus justifying their implementation and/or maintenance.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (Wiley), ERIC (ProQuest), Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus (Elsevier), and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (EBSCO). A total of 6,593 citations were screened against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Thirteen included studies were divided into 3 areas of impact: citation count, exposure or presence, and administrative impact. Those focusing on citation count (n=5) and exposure or presence (n=7) demonstrated positive impacts of IRs on institutions and researchers. One study focusing on administrative benefit demonstrated the utility of IRs in automated population of ORCID profiles.Conclusion: Based on the available literature, IRs appear to have a positive impact on citation count, exposure or presence, and administrative burden. To draw stronger conclusions, more and higher-quality studies are needed.

Brain atrophy in acute ischaemic stroke patients treated with reperfusion therapy: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110604
Author(s):  
Aarushi Rastogi ◽  
Robert Weissert ◽  
Sonu MM Bhaskar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Functional Outcome ◽  
Brain Atrophy ◽  
Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽  
Reperfusion Therapy ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Neurological Change ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Background Brain atrophy (BA) may have a role in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in mediating outcomes after reperfusion therapy. The extent of this association is not well understood. Purpose : To examine the impact of pre-existing BA on functional outcome, survival, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), and early neurological change in patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) and/or endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Material and Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane library were searched for studies on BA in AIS receiving reperfusion therapy. Studies were included if: (i) patients were aged ≥18 years; (ii) patients had been diagnosed with AIS; (iii) patients received IVT and/or EVT; (iv) studies reported on BA; (v) studies reported on post-reperfusion outcomes; and (vi) studies had a sample size of >25 patients. Results A total of 4444 patients from eight studies were included. Four out of seven studies reporting on 90-day functional outcome found pre-existing BA to be significantly associated with poor functional outcome. Moreover, two out of four studies found BA to be a significant predictor of 90-day mortality. None of the included studies reported a significant association of BA with sICH or early neurological deterioration. Conclusion This systematic review indicates a potential prognostic role of BA in AIS. Quantitative analysis of association of BA with outcomes in AIS is not possible given the heterogeneity in BA assessment and reporting across studies. Future studies using standardized BA assessment are warranted to clarify its association with clinical and safety outcomes in AIS.

scholarly journals The impact of the tax on sweetened beverages: a systematic review

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 548-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maite Redondo ◽  
Ildefonso Hernández-Aguado ◽  
Blanca Lumbreras
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Purchasing Behavior ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Obesity Epidemic ◽  
Sweetened Beverages ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundObesity has a serious impact on public health. Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are implicated in the obesity epidemic. Regulation has been suggested as one approach to limit consumption.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to synthesize existing evidence related to the impact of taxes on the consumption, purchase, or sales of SSBs.DesignA systematic review was conducted by using MEDLINE through PubMed (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed), the Cochrane Library (http://www.cochranelibrary.com/), the Web of Science (https://login.webofknowledge.com/error/Error?PathInfo=%2F&Error=IPError), and Scopus (https://www.scopus.com/search/form.uri?display=basic) in the period 2011–2017 for studies that analyzed the impact of fiscal regulatory measures on the consumption, purchase, or sales of SSBs. The quality of evidence was assessed according to the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) and the TREND (Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs) statements.ResultsOf the 17 studies, 5 (29.4%) evaluated the impact of a tax on SSBs in naturalistic experiments by county or city in the United States and in Mexico. Findings indicated that purchases or sales of SSBs decreased significantly with taxation amounts of 8% (Berkeley, CA) and 10% (Mexico). One study found no effect on sales of SSBs in 2 states that enacted a 5.5% tax on sodas. Twelve (70.6%) studies were based on virtual or experimental conditions evaluating either purchasing behavior or sales (6 studies; 50.0%) or behavioral intent (6 studies; 50.0%), resulting in a decrease in either purchasing behavior or sales or intent behavior with heterogeneity according to the tax rate.ConclusionsTaxation significantly influences planned purchases and increases the probability of the purchase of healthy beverages. SSB taxes have the potential to reduce calorie and sugar intake, but further research is needed to evaluate effects on diet quality.

Efficacy of compression stockings in preventing post-thrombotic syndrome in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis

VASA ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Martin Burgstaller ◽  
Johann Steurer ◽  
Ulrike Held ◽  
Beatrice Amann-Vesti
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Deep Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Post Thrombotic Syndrome ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Preventive Efficacy ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Abstract. Background: Here, we update an earlier systematic review on the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) by including the results of recently published trials. The aims are to synthesize the results of the original studies, and to identify details to explain heterogeneous results. Methods: We searched the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus, and Medline for original studies that compared the preventive efficacy of active compression stockings with placebo or no compression stockings in patients with diagnosed proximal DVT. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Results: Five eligible RCTs with a total of 1393 patients (sample sizes ranged from 47 to 803 patients) were included. In three RCTs, patients started to wear compression stockings, placebo stockings or no stockings within the first three weeks after the diagnosis of DVT. The results of two RCTs indicate a statistically significant reduction in post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) of 50% or more after two or more years. The result of one RCT shows no preventive effect of compression stockings at all. Due to the heterogeneity of the study results, we refrained from pooling the results of the RCTs. In a further RCT, randomization to groups with and without compression stockings took place six months after the diagnosis of DVT, and in another RCT, only patients with the absence of PTS one year after the diagnosis of DVT were analyzed. One RCT revealed a significant reduction in symptoms, whereas another RCT failed to show any benefit of using compression stockings. Conclusions: At this time, it does not seem to be justifiable to entirely abandon the recommendations regarding compression stockings to prevent PTS in patients with DVT. There is evidence favoring compression stockings, but there is also evidence showing no benefit of compression stockings.

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