scholarly journals Breastfeeding in Cystic Fibrosis: A Systematic Review on Prevalence and Potential Benefits

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3263
Author(s):  
Carla Colombo ◽  
Gianfranco Alicandro ◽  
Valeria Daccò ◽  
Alessandra Consales ◽  
Fabio Mosca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Normative Standard ◽  
Measure Of Association ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Breastfeeding (BF) is considered the normative standard of feeding for all infants. However, the impact of BF in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is not completely defined. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate BF prevalence in the CF population and its impact on anthropometric and pulmonary outcomes. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Library for original articles published in English up to 4 December 2020 that report the prevalence of BF and/or any measure of association between BF and anthropometric or pulmonary outcomes. Nine observational studies were identified (six retrospective cohort studies, one prospective cohort study, one survey and one case–control study within a retrospective cohort). The BF rate in CF patients is lower than that of the healthy population (approximately 50–60% of infants were breastfed at any time). The benefits in anthropometric outcomes of BF for >2 months in this at-risk population are unclear. A few relatively small studies suggest a potential benefit of BF in reducing lung infections, although data are inconsistent. The currently available data are insufficient to draw definite conclusions on the benefits of exclusive BF in anthropometric and pulmonary outcomes in CF. Clinical trials evaluating well-defined BF promotion interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Excess weight and dyslipidemia and their complications during pregnancy: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento ◽  
Willian Barbosa Sales ◽  
Raquel Fleig ◽  
Grazielle Dutra da Silva ◽  
Jean Carl Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Key Words Lipids ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives: to identify bibliographically disorders related to excess weight, dyslipidemia and their complication during pregnancy and in the fetus and newborn. Methods: a systematic review including observational and interventional studies and reviews, based on MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase and the Cochrane Library between 2000 and 2015. The key-words "lipids, pregnancy, obesity and newborn" were used to establish a selective stage for inclusion/exclusion of titles, repeated studies, key-words, abstracts, methodological incompatibility and correlation with objectives. Results: 58 studies were selected, of which 36 (62%) addressed prevention and the risk in pregnancy of excess weight and lipid disorders and 19 (32.7%) suggestions and/or consequences for the fetus and newborn. Conclusions: excess weight and lipidemic disorders in pregnancy are causes for concern in scientific studies, posing risks both for the mother and the newborn. Higher prevalence of caesarian and pre-eclampsia were the two most noteworthy complications for gestational outcomes. In short, the impact on care of maternal habits and excess weight during pregnancy is highly significant, owing to the different degrees of complication in obstetric outcomes and their influence on the clinical characteristics of the newborn.

Removal of Hardware After Syndesmotic Screw Fixation: A Systematic Literature Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kempland C. Walley ◽  
Kurt J. Hofmann ◽  
Brian T. Velasco ◽  
John Y. Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Radiographic Outcomes ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Syndesmotic Screw ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Removal Of Hardware ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Background. While trans-syndesmotic fixation with metal screws is considered the gold standard in treating syndesmotic injuries, controversy exists regarding the need and timing of postoperative screw removal. Formal recommendations have not been well established in the literature and clinical practice is highly variable in this regard. The purpose of this systematic review is to critically examine the most recent literature regarding syndesmotic screw removal in order to provide surgeons an evidence-based approach to management of these injuries. Methods. The Cochrane Library and PubMed Medline databases were explored using search terms for syndesmosis and screw removal between October 1, 2010 and June 1, 2016. Results. A total of 9 studies (1 randomized controlled trial and 8 retrospective cohort studies) were found that described the outcomes of either retained or removed syndesmotic screws. Overall, there was no difference in functional, clinical or radiographic outcomes in patients who had their syndesmotic screw removed. There was a higher likelihood of recurrent syndesmotic diastasis when screws were removed between 6 and 8 weeks. There was a higher rate of postoperative infections when syndesmotic screws were removed without administering preoperative antibiotics. Conclusion. Removal of syndesmotic screws is advisable mainly in cases of patient complaints related to the other implanted perimalleolar hardware or malreduction of the syndesmosis after at least 8 weeks postoperatively. Broken or loose screws should not be removed routinely unless causing symptoms. Antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended on removal. Radiographs should be routinely obtained immediately prior to removal and formal discussions should be had with patients prior to surgery to discuss management options if a broken screw is unexpectedly encountered intraoperatively. Radiographs and/or computed tomography imaging should be obtained after syndesmotic screw removal when indicated for known syndesmotic malreduction. Levels of Evidence: Level IV: Systematic review

Outpatient versus Inpatient Parotidectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (6) ◽  
pp. 818-825
Author(s):  
David Forner ◽  
Daniel J. Lee ◽  
Chris Walsh ◽  
Ian J. Witterick ◽  
S. Mark Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Outpatient Basis ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Outpatient Group ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
The Cochrane Library

Objective Parotidectomies are commonly performed procedures by head and neck surgeons. Although parotidectomies are historically inpatient procedures, recent observational evidence has highlighted the potential for parotidectomies to be performed on an outpatient basis. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to compare complications and unplanned health care utilization between patients undergoing outpatient versus inpatient parotidectomy. Data Sources A systematic review was performed using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Review Methods Studies comparing the outcomes of outpatient parotidectomy with those of inpatient parotidectomy were included. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Postoperative complications (hematoma, facial nerve dysfunction, seroma, fistulisation, Frey syndrome, and wound infection) and rates of 30-day readmission, reintervention, and emergency department presentation were compared. Results We screened 1018 nonduplicate articles to include 5 studies, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. There were fewer complications found in the outpatient group (relative risk = 0.61, 95% confidence interval: 0.40-0.93). Outpatient procedures were more commonly performed on patients who lived close to the hospital, had fewer comorbidities, and had less extensive planned surgery. Conclusion Outpatient parotidectomy appears safe in select patients with outcomes comparable with inpatient surgery. However, evidence overall is of low quality, and further work is needed to delineate a satisfactory set of criteria for appropriate patient identification.

scholarly journals Comparison of respiratory pathogen colonization and antimicrobial susceptibility in people with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis versus non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis: a protocol for a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Salony Verma ◽  
Joseph L. Mathew ◽  
Pallab Ray
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Both cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis are characterized by permanent bronchial dilation, impaired mucociliary clearance, and development of chronic colonization and infection. Although the major airway microbiota in both CF and non-CF bronchiectasis may be similar, there are some differences in clinical and microbiologic features. There may also be differences in antibiotic susceptibility patterns between the CF and non-CF populations. Therefore, analysis and comparison of the microbiota and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in CF bronchiectasis versus non-CF bronchiectasis would help to improve the management of both conditions. Methods Two authors will independently search the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and LIVIVO, for studies reporting bacterial colonization of the respiratory tract in adults and children diagnosed with bronchiectasis in either CF or non-CF. We will include studies examining any respiratory tract specimen, using conventional bacterial culture or other specialized techniques such as molecular methods. We will also examine the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in people with CF bronchiectasis versus non-CF bronchiectasis. The authors will independently assess the risk of bias in each included study using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). We will present the data with descriptive statistics and provide pooled estimates of outcomes, wherever it is feasible to perform meta-analysis. Heterogeneity in studies will be explored by visual inspection of forest plots as well as using the Higgins and Thompson I2 method. We will contact the corresponding authors of studies where data is/are missing and try to obtain the missing data. We will undertake sensitivity analysis to explore the impact of study quality and subgroup analysis based on pre-set criteria. We will prepare a summary of findings’ table and assess the confidence in the evidence using the GRADE methodology. Discussion To date, there are no locally applicable evidence-based guidelines for antimicrobial treatment of non-CF bronchiectasis patients. In general, treatment is based on extrapolation of evidence in people with CF bronchiectasis. An insight into the microbiota and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in the two conditions would facilitate appropriate rather than empiric antimicrobial therapy and hopefully reduce the burden of antimicrobial resistance created by rampant usage of antibiotics. Systematic review registration The protocol has been registered in PROSPERO on July 26, 2020 (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020193859).

scholarly journals Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could up or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Christopher R Wilcox ◽  
Shareen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Converting Enzyme ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To review evidence on routinely prescribed drugs in the UK that could up or downregulate Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) and potentially affect COVID-19 disease Design: Systematic review Data source: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science Study selection: Any design with animal or human models examining a currently prescribed UK drug compared to a control, placebo or sham group, and reporting an effect on ACE2 level, activity or gene expression. Data extraction and synthesis: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OpenGrey from inception to 1st April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane risk of bias tool for human studies. Results: We screened 3,360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and 102 were in animal models None examined ACE2 in human lungs. The most frequently examined drugs were Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARBs) (n= 55) and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme- Inhibitors (ACE-I) (n= 22). More studies reported upregulation than downregulation with ACE-I (n=22), ARBs (n=55), insulin (n=8), thiazolidinedione (n=7) aldosterone agonists (n=3), statins (n=5), oestrogens (n=5) calcium channel-blockers (n=3) GLP-1 agonists (n=2) and NSAIDs (n=2). Conclusions: There is an abundance of academic literature and media reports on the potential of drugs that could attenuate or exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This is leading to trials of repurposed drugs and uncertainty amongst patients and clinicians concerning continuation or cessation of prescribed medications. Our review indicates that the impact of currently prescribed drugs on ACE2 has been poorly studied in-vivo, particularly in human lungs where the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to enact its pathogenic effects. We found no convincing evidence to justify starting or stopping currently prescribed drugs to influence outcomes of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Currently prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 in COVID-19 disease: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e040644
Author(s):  
Hajira Dambha-Miller ◽  
Ali Albasri ◽  
Sam Hodgson ◽  
Christopher R Wilcox ◽  
Shareen Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Human Lungs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

ObjectiveTo review evidence on routinely prescribed drugs in the UK that could upregulate or downregulate ACE2 and potentially affect COVID-19 disease.DesignSystematic review.Data sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science.Study selectionAny design with animal or human models examining a currently prescribed UK drug compared with a control, placebo or sham group, and reporting an effect on ACE2 level, activity or gene expression.Data extraction and synthesisMEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and OpenGrey from inception to 1 April 2020. Methodological quality was assessed using the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk-of-bias tool for animal studies and Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for human studies.ResultsWe screened 3360 titles and included 112 studies with 21 different drug classes identified as influencing ACE2 activity. Ten studies were in humans and one hundred and two were in animal models None examined ACE2 in human lungs. The most frequently examined drugs were angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (n=55) and ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) (n=22). More studies reported upregulation than downregulation with ACE-I (n=22), ARBs (n=55), insulin (n=8), thiazolidinedione (n=7) aldosterone agonists (n=3), statins (n=5), oestrogens (n=5) calcium channel blockers (n=3) glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) agonists (n=2) and Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (n=2).ConclusionsThere is an abundance of the academic literature and media reports on the potential of drugs that could attenuate or exacerbate COVID-19 disease. This is leading to trials of repurposed drugs and uncertainty among patients and clinicians concerning continuation or cessation of prescribed medications. Our review indicates that the impact of currently prescribed drugs on ACE2 has been poorly studied in vivo, particularly in human lungs where the SARS-CoV-2 virus appears to enact its pathogenic effects. We found no convincing evidence to justify starting or stopping currently prescribed drugs to influence outcomes of COVID-19 disease.

scholarly journals Weight Gain Associated with COVID-19 Lockdown in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3668
Author(s):  
Tu-Hsuan Chang ◽  
Yu-Chin Chen ◽  
Wei-Yu Chen ◽  
Chun-Yu Chen ◽  
Wei-Yun Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Background: Lockdown is an effective nonpharmaceutical intervention to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission, but it restricts daily activity. We aimed to investigate the impact of lockdown on pediatric body weight and body mass index (BMI). Methods: The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) statement. Four online databases (EMBASE, Medline, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL) were searched. Results: The pooled results showed that lockdown was associated with significant body weight gain (MD 2.67, 95% CI 2.12–3.23; p < 0.00001). The BMI of children with comorbidities or obesity did not change significantly. The BMI of general population was significantly higher during lockdown than before the pandemic (MD 0.94, 95% CI 0.32–1.56; p = 0.003). However, heterogeneity was high (I2 = 84%). Among changes in weight classification, increases in the rates of obesity (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.10–1.37; p = 0.0002) and overweight (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.06–1.29; p = 0.001) were reported. Conclusions: Our meta-analysis showed significant increases in body weight and BMI during lockdown among school-age children and adolescents. The prevalence of obesity and overweight also increased. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened the burden of childhood obesity.

scholarly journals The impact of institutional repositories: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle R. Demetres ◽  
Diana Delgado ◽  
Drew N. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Citation Count ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Institutional Repositories ◽  
Scholarly Output ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact

Objective: Institutional repositories are platforms for presenting and publicizing scholarly output that might not be suitable to publish in a peer-reviewed journal or that must meet open access requirements. However, there are many challenges associated with their launch and up-keep. The objective of this systematic review was to define the impacts of institutional repositories (IRs) on an academic institution, thus justifying their implementation and/or maintenance.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed in the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMBASE, the Cochrane Library (Wiley), ERIC (ProQuest), Web of Science (Core Collection), Scopus (Elsevier), and Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts (EBSCO). A total of 6,593 citations were screened against predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: Thirteen included studies were divided into 3 areas of impact: citation count, exposure or presence, and administrative impact. Those focusing on citation count (n=5) and exposure or presence (n=7) demonstrated positive impacts of IRs on institutions and researchers. One study focusing on administrative benefit demonstrated the utility of IRs in automated population of ORCID profiles.Conclusion: Based on the available literature, IRs appear to have a positive impact on citation count, exposure or presence, and administrative burden. To draw stronger conclusions, more and higher-quality studies are needed.

scholarly journals Refugees, resettlement experiences and mental health: a systematic review of case studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Karin Juliane Duvoisin Bulik ◽  
Erminia Colucci
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Objective In 2017 the number of refugees around the world reached 25.4 million. These people make up one of the most vulnerable populations globally. This study aims to understand the strategies refugees used to cope with the impact on their mental health by the difficult pre- and post-resettlement circumstances they encountered. Methods A systematic review of articles reporting case studies concerning adult refugees’ experiences in the hosting country. The electronic databases searched were: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. Eligible manuscripts were examined through a narrative synthesis. Results Twenty-two articles fitted the inclusion criteria and four main themes were highlighted: reasons for fleeing; the impact of negative experiences on mental health; supportive experiences and coping strategies; and experiences of mental health treatment. Conclusions Refugees present a significant impact on mental health due to pre- and post-migration experiences. The approach offered to this group and reported as the most effective to deal with such an impact was the multidimensional approach that, besides caring for the psychic aspects, contemplated the cultural context of each one, assisted in housing, employment, financial aid, support with learning the new language and social activities.

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Ocriplasmin Use for Vitreomacular Adhesion and Its Predictive Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Ran You ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yanling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Vitreomacular Adhesion ◽  
Model Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Safe Approach ◽  
Risk Ratios

Symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (sVMA) impedes visual acuity and quality. Ocriplasmin is a recombinant protease, which may be injected into the vitreous cavity to treat this condition, yet controversy remains with respect to its effectiveness and safety, particularly its patient selection standard. In this systematic review, the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify studies published prior to August 2020 on the impact of ocriplasmin treatment on VMA release, macular hole (MH) closure, and/or related adverse events (AEs). Data were pooled using a random-effects model. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CIs were calculated. Of 1,186 articles reviewed, 5 randomized controlled trials and 50 cohort studies were ultimately included, representing 4,159 patients. Ocriplasmin significantly increased the rate of VMA release (RR, 3.61; 95% CI, 1.99–6.53; 28 days after treatment) and MH closure (RR, 3.84; 95% CI, 1.62–9.08; 28 days after treatment) and was associated with visual function improvement. No increased risk for overall AEs was seen in ocriplasmin treatment. The proportion of VMA release and MH closure in patients was 0.50 and 0.36, respectively. VMA release was more likely in patients with absence of epiretinal membrane (ERM). Patients with smaller MH diameter were more likely to achieve MH closure. Evidence from included studies suggests that ocriplasmin is a suitable and safe approach for treating sVMA. ERM and MH status are important factors when considering ocriplasmin treatment.

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