scholarly journals Nitrogen efficiency in oats on grain yield with stability

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1095-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Constantino J. Goi Neto ◽  
Sandra B. V. Fernandes ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Stability ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient most absorbed by the oat crop. Unfavorable climate conditions decrease its efficiency, generating instability and reduction in yield. The objective of this study was to improve N use efficiency in oat grain yield by the economic value of the product and of the input and by models that scale the stability, considering systems of succession of high and reduced residual-N release in favorable and unfavorable years for cultivation. The study was conducted in the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 in two systems of succession (soybean/oat, maize/oat) in randomized blocks with eight replicates, using the N-fertilizer doses of 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1. The N-fertilizer dose for maximum economic efficiency in oats should be considered based on the meteorological trends of the cultivation year. N use optimization by models that determine the stability is an innovative proposal to increase fertilization efficiency on the yield. The N-fertilizer dose of 60 kg ha-1 promotes greater efficiency with predictability and yield, regardless of the agricultural year and the system of succession.

scholarly journals Nitrogen efficiency in oat yield through the biopolymer hydrogel

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Ângela T. W. de Mamann ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
Ana P. Brezolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Efficiency ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT The retainers of water in the soil can favor nitrogen (N) use efficiency in oat yield. The aim of the study was to determine if the conditions of use of the biopolymer hydrogel increase the fertilizer-N use efficiency in oat yield in succession systems of high and low residual-N release. In each succession system (soybean/oat, corn/oat), two experiments were conducted in 2014 and 2015, one to quantify biomass yield and the other to estimate grain yield and lodging. The design was randomized blocks with four replicates in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme for hydrogel doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1), added in the furrow with the seed, and N fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) applied in the fourth-expanded-leaf stage. The use of hydrogel increases N use efficiency in oat yield, especially under the conditions of 30 to 60 kg ha-1 of biopolymer; however, this effect is dependent on the succession system and on weather conditions.

scholarly journals Single and split nitrogen dose in wheat yield indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane S. P. Costa ◽  
Rubia D. Mantai ◽  
José A. G. da Silva ◽  
Osmar B. Scremin ◽  
Emilio G. Arenhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
N Supply ◽  
N Release ◽  
Residual N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

ABSTRACT Single or split nitrogen (N) supply can maximize the expression of wheat yield indicators. The objective of the study was to evaluate the greater N use efficiency on wheat yield indicators by the single and split N supply under favorable and unfavorable year conditions to the crop in succession system of high and reduced residual N release. The study was conducted in 2014 and 2015, in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in a 4 x 3 factorial, for N-fertilizer doses (0, 30, 60, 120 kg ha-1) and supply forms [full dose (100%) in the phenological stage V3 (third expanded leaf); split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/V6 (third and sixth expanded leaves, respectively) and; split dose (70 and 30%) in the phenological stages V3/R1 (third expanded leaf and early grain filling)], respectively, in soybean/wheat and maize/wheat cultivation systems. The highest N use efficiency for wheat yield was obtained with the single dose supply in favorable year of temperature and rainfall and with the split dose in the V3/V6 stages in unfavorable year, regardless of the succession system of high and reduced residual N release.

scholarly journals Effect of Irrigation and Preplant Nitrogen Fertilizer Source on Maize in the Southern Great Plains

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob T. Bushong ◽  
Eric C. Miller ◽  
Jeremiah L. Mullock ◽  
D. Brian Arnall ◽  
William R. Raun
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Southern Great Plains ◽  
Production Practice ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
N Use

With the demand for maize increasing, production has spread into more water limited, semiarid regions. Couple this with the increasing nitrogen (N) fertilizer costs and environmental concerns and the need for proper management practices has increased. A trial was established to evaluate the effects of different preplant N fertilizer sources on maize cultivated under deficit irrigation or rain-fed conditions on grain yield, N use efficiency (NUE), and water use efficiency (WUE). Two fertilizer sources, ammonium sulfate (AS) and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), applied at two rates, 90 and 180 kg N ha−1, were evaluated across four site-years. Deficit irrigation improved grain yield, WUE, and NUE compared to rain-fed conditions. The preplant application of a pure ammoniacal source of N fertilizer, such as AS, had a tendency to increase grain yields and NUE for rain-fed treatments. Under irrigated conditions, the use of UAN as a preplant N fertilizer source performed just as well or better at improving grain yield compared to AS, as long as the potential N loss mechanisms were minimized. Producers applying N preplant as a single application should adjust rates based on a reasonable yield goal and production practice.

CHLOROPHYLLMETER-BASED NITROGEN MANAGEMENT OF WHEAT IN EASTERN INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAINAK GHOSH ◽  
DILLIP KUMAR SWAIN ◽  
MADAN KUMAR JHA ◽  
VIRENDRA KUMAR TEWARI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Management ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYTopdressing of N fertilizer, whenever leaf greenness, as measured by Chlorophyllmeter (SPAD), falls below the threshold value can be used for site-specific N management in wheat cultivation. Herein, a field experiment was conducted to analyse the effect of SPAD-based N management on wheat productivity and N use efficiency during the dry season of 2010/11 and 2011/12 on acid lateritic soil of eastern India. The experiment had 12 treatments, with nine treatments combining three SPAD thresholds (38, 40 and 42) and three N levels (15, 25 and 35 kg N ha−1) as real time N management (RTNM), one fixed time N management (FTNM), one farmers’ fertilizer practise (FFP) and control (Zero N), with three replications. The grain yield of RTNM ranged from 90 to 113% as that of FTNM, but using considerably less N. Maintaining SPAD threshold of 40 up to heading stage by topdressing 25 kg N ha−1 at each time (N25S40) caused the highest grain yield (4483 kg ha−1). While saving 22.5 kg N ha−1 (18.8%), N25S40 increased agronomic N use efficiency by 58.5%, nitrogen recovery efficiency by 15.1% and partial factor productivity of applied N by 26.4% when compared with conventional fertilizer recommendations (i.e. FTNM). The SPAD-based N management strategy was found very promising in efficiently managing N fertilizer in wheat for improving wheat productivity and N use efficiency.

Green Window Approach for improving nitrogen management by farmers in small-scale wheat fields

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. YUE ◽  
Y. HU ◽  
H. Z. ZHANG ◽  
U. SCHMIDHALTER
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Use Efficiency ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Residual Soil ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
N Use

SUMMARYImprovement of nitrogen (N) use efficiency is urgently needed since excessive application of N fertilizer has been widespread in small-scale fields in China, causing great losses of N fertilizer and environmental pollution. In the present study, a simple technology, termed the Green Window Approach (GWA), to optimize N strategies for cereal crops is presented. The GWA represents an on-field demonstration site visualizing the effects of incremental N levels and enables farmers to conduct such a trial within their own fields. The lowest N rate that achieves no visible change in plant growth or biomass shows the optimal N requirement of crops. Therefore the objective was to develop the key procedures of GWA and to evaluate the effects of its application in cereal crops on grain yield, N use efficiency and economic benefit. A total of seven GWA trials were performed from 2009 to 2011 on farmers’ irrigated wheat fields in the North China Plain. The GWA consisted of eight small plots placed in a compact layout on a well-accessible part of the field. Plot size varied from 2·5×2·5 to 4×4 m2, depending on the size and shape of each field. All GWA plots received basal nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) rates of 30 kg N/ha (except for the nil-N plot), 80 kg P2O5/ha and 100 kg K2O/ha. Nitrogen supplies, including residual soil nitrate in 0–90 cm determined at Zadoks growth stages (GS) 21–23 in early spring and the split-topdressing N at GS 21–23 and GS 41–52, were incrementally increased from 0 to 420 kg N/ha. The remaining part of the field still received farmers’ customary fertilization (FCF). Optimal N rate could be estimated as the lowest N rate that achieved no visible change in plant growth at GS 60–73. Compared with FCF area, grain yield was increased by 13% to a maximum or near maximum value of 5·8 t/ha, optimal N rate was sharply decreased by 69% to 116 kg N/ha, apparent N recovery was greatly increased from 11 to 46%, whereas the cost of fertilizer input was decreased by 57% to 1045 Chinese Renminbi (RMB)/ha (162 US$/ha), the profit of grain yield was increased by 13% to 12 211 RMB/ha (1891 US$/ha) and the net economic benefits were increased by 60% to 7473 RMB/ha (1157 US$/ha). Most importantly, the GWA does not need laboratory facilities, complicated procedures or professional knowledge of N balances, and farmers can easily understand and use GWA by themselves.

scholarly journals Improvement of Maize Productivity and N Use Efficiency in a No-Tillage Irrigated Farming System: Effect of Cropping Sequence and Fertilization Management

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1459
Author(s):  
Heba S. A. Salama ◽  
Ali I. Nawar ◽  
Hassan E. Khalil ◽  
Ahmed M. Shaalan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Farming System ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Egyptian Clover ◽  
Maize Grain Yield ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
N Use

The sequence of the preceding crops in a no-tillage farming system, could interact with the integrated use of mineral and organic nitrogen (N) sources in a way that improves the growth and productivity of the terminal maize crop, meanwhile, enhancing its N use efficiency (NUE). In the current study, six legume-cereal crop sequences, including faba bean, soybean, Egyptian clover, wheat, and maize were evaluated along two experimental rotations that ended up by planting the terminal maize crop. In addition, the effects of applying variable mineral nitrogen (MN) rates with and without the incorporation of farmyard manure (FYM) on the productive performance of maize and its NUE were tested. The field experiments were conducted in a no-tillage irrigated farming system in Northern Egypt, a location that is characterized by its arid, Mediterranean climate. Results revealed that increasing the legume component in the evaluated crop sequences, up to 75%, resulted in improved maize ear leaf area, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, thus, a higher final grain yield, with the inclusion of Egyptian clover was slightly better than faba bean. Comparing the crop sequences with 50% legume contribution uncovered the positive effects of soybean preceding crop on the terminal maize crop. Substituting 25% of the applied MN with FYM resulted in similar maize yields to the application of the equivalent 100% MN rates. The fertilizer treatments significantly interacted with the crop sequences in determining the maize grain yield, where the highest legume crop contribution in the crop sequence (75%) equalized the effects of the different fertilizer treatments on maize grain yield. The integrated use of FYM with MN in maize fertilization improved the NUE compared to the application of MN alone. Comparing fertilization treatments with similar MN content, with and without FYM, revealed that the difference in NUE was attributed to the additional amount of FYM. In similar conditions to the current study, it is recommended to grow faba bean two years before maize, while Egyptian clover could be grown directly preceding maize growth, with frequent inclusion of soybean in the sequence, this could be combined with the application of an average of 200 kg MN ha−1 in addition to FYM.

scholarly journals Biochar Application in Combination with Inorganic Nitrogen Improves Maize Grain Yield, Nitrogen Uptake, and Use Efficiency in Temperate Soils

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1241
Author(s):  
Peter Omara ◽  
Lawrence Aula ◽  
Fikayo B. Oyebiyi ◽  
Elizabeth M. Eickhoff ◽  
Jonathan Carpenter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Temperate Soils ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
N Use

Biochar (B) has shown promise in improving crop productivity. However, its interaction with inorganic nitrogen (N) in temperate soils is not well-studied. The objective of this paper was to compare the effect of fertilizer N-biochar-combinations (NBC) and N fertilizer (NF) on maize (Zea mays L.) grain yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE). Trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 at Efaw and Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB) in Oklahoma, USA. A randomized complete block design with three replications and ten treatments consisting of 50, 100, and 150 kg N ha−1 and 5, 10, and 15 Mg B ha−1 was used. At LCB, yield, N uptake, and NUE under NBC increased by 25%, 28%, and 46%, respectively compared to NF. At Efaw, yield, N uptake, and NUE decreased under NBC by 5%, 7%, and 19%, respectively, compared to NF. Generally, results showed a significant response to NBC at ≥10 Mg B ha−1. While results were inconsistent across locations, the significant response to NBC was evident at LCB with sandy loam soil but not Efaw with silty clay loam. Biochar application with inorganic N could improve N use and the yield of maize cultivated on sandy soils with poor physical and chemical properties.

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