scholarly journals Irrigation with saline water in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in a soil with bovine biofertilizer

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 604-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geocleber G. de Sousa ◽  
Valdécio dos S. Rodrigues ◽  
Stallone da C. Soares ◽  
Ítalo N. Damasceno ◽  
Jamili N. Fiusa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

ABSTRACT Salinity is a complex phenomenon that affects the metabolic processes of the plant, changing the physiological and biochemical parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on growth, biomass and gas exchanges in soybean crop in soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of the UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from May to June 2016. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer, in five replicates. The following variables were evaluated: growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf area), biomass (leaf, root and total dry matter) and gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Irrigation water salinity reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but with less intensity in the plants that received bovine biofertilizer. The aerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer attenuates saline stress on the initial growth and biomass of soybean plants.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Varieties and Hybrid of Pumpkin and Squash to Salt Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Da S. Santos ◽  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
Lauter S. Souto ◽  
Maria K. do N. Silva ◽  
Romulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

Irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions is a practice encouraged to maximize food production, however these regions hesitate a qualitative shortage of water resources, often being necessary the use of saline water, affecting soil and sensitive plants to saline stress. So this study aimed to evaluate emergence, growth, phytomass accumulation and tolerance of the Tetsukabuto hybrid and varieties of pumpkin and squash under salt stress. The experiment was carried out in protected environment (greenhouse), located in the municipality of Pombal, Paraíba, Brazil. Treatments were arranged in completely randomized experimental design with four replicates, in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, relative to five levels of irrigation water salinity and three genotypes of pumpkin and squash. Pumpkin and squash seedlings were grown on trays of 30 cells with capacity for 0.1 dm3 of substrate, during the first 20 days after sowing, and were monitored for emergence, initial growth, dry matter accumulation and tolerance to salinity. Increment in irrigation water salinity reduces emergence and initial growth of the pumpkin and squash genotypes. The genotypes G2 - ‘Squash cv. Coroa’ and G3 - Tetsukabuto hybrid are more tolerant to salinity than G1 - ‘Pumpkin cv. Jacarezinho’ in the initial growth stage.

scholarly journals CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Saulo Cabral Gondim ◽  
Fernando Luiz Figueiredo ◽  
Ícaro Herbert Lucena Cavalcante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
The One ◽  
Shoot Mass

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MARACUJAZEIRO AMARELO MANEJADO EM DOIS SUBSTRASTOS IRRIGADOS COM ÁGUA SALINA   Lourival Ferreira Cavalcante1; Geocleber Gomes de Sousa2; Saulo Cabral Gondim3; Fernando Luiz Figueiredo1; Ítalo Herbert Lucena Cavalcante4; Adriana Araujo Diniz51Departamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB,  [email protected] 2Solos e Nutrição de Plantas, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal Ceará, Fortaleza, CE3Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campina Grande, PBUniversidade Federal do Piauí, Bom Jesus, PI5Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Areia, PB  1 RESUMO             O trabalho foi realizado, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2006, em ambiente protegido do CCA/UFPB – Campus II, Areia, PB, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação sobre o crescimento inicial do maracujazeiro amarelo (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivado em diferentes substratos. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com três repetições e 12 unidades experimentais por parcela, arranjados num fatorial 5 x 2, referentes aos valores de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação ( 0,4; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0 dS m-1 ) e dois substratos, sendo um mais arenoso (Solo Neossolo Regolítico) e o outro mais argiloso, constituído por uma mistura do Neossolo Regolítico (50% ) mais Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico (50%). O aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação elevou expressivamente o caráter salino dos substratos, refletindo-se na redução do crescimento pelo diâmetro caulinar, área foliar, produção de biomassa das raízes e parte aérea das plantas em ambos os casos, porém com maior intensidade no substrato constituído pela mistura de parte iguais dos solos Neossolo Regolítco e Nitossolo Vermelho. UNITERMOS: Salinidade, irrigação, Passiflora edulis, condutividade elétrica  CAVALCANTE, L. F.; SOUSA, G. G. de; GONDIM, S. C.; FIGUEIREDO, F. L.; CAVALCANTE, Í. H. L.; DINIZ, A. A. INITIAL GROWTH OF YELLOW PASSION FRUIT CROPED IN TWO SUBSTRATS MANAGED WITH SALINE WATER IN TWO SUBSTRATES  2 ABSTRACT                                    This study was carried out, during  the period of October /2006 to December /2006, in green house conditions from Agrarian Sciences Center , Federal University of Paraíba, Paraíba State, Brazil, in order to evaluate the effects of water salinity on initial growth of yellow passion plants (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa Deg) cultivated in different substrates. Treatments were distributed in a randomized blocks experimental design with three repetitions and 12 experimental units per parcel, in a factorial arrangement 5 x 2, referring to electrical conductivity of irrigation water levels (0.4; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 e 4.0 dS m-1) and two substrates, being a sandy (Entisol) and a clay, composed by a mixture of Entisol (50%) and Eutrophic Red Nitosol (50%). The increasing of irrigation water salinity expressively enhanced the saline index of the substrate, reflecting in a plant growth reduction related to stem diameter, leaf area, root mass production and shoot mass production of both substrates, but more expressive for the one with equal parts of Entisol and Red Nitosol. KEYWORDS: Salinity, irrigation, Passiflora edulis, electric conductivity

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars under water salinity

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 393-399
Author(s):  
André A. R. da Silva ◽  
Luana L. de S. A. Veloso ◽  
Ronaldo do Nascimento ◽  
Elka C. S. Nascimento ◽  
Carlos V. de C. Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Response To Water

ABSTRACT Indication of salt-tolerant cotton cultivars can make the agricultural exploitation with saline water irrigation feasible in the Brazilian semi-arid region. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of cotton cultivars irrigated with saline water. The study was conducted in pots adapted as drainage lysimeters under greenhouse conditions, using a sandy loam Entisols as substrate. Treatments were distributed in completely randomized design, in 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, relative to five levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity - ECw (1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 7.5 dS m-1) and two cotton cultivars (BRS 368 RF and BRS Safira). Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibits the vegetative growth and gas exchanges of the cotton cultivars BRS Safira and BRS 368 RF. Leaf area and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency are the most affected variables. Physiological and growth performance of the cultivar BRS Safira in response to water salinity was higher than that of BRS 368 RF.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit under saline water irrigation and H2O2 application

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 945-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elysson M. G. Andrade ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Vera L. A. de Lima ◽  
Saulo S. da Silva ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT The study was carried out to evaluate the photosynthetic efficiency and growth of yellow passion fruit, cultivated under different levels of irrigation water salinity and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out in greenhouse of the Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, using drainage lysimeters with capacity for 100 dm3, filled with Entisol of sandy texture. The experimental design was randomized blocks using a 4 x 4 factorial scheme, with three repetitions, corresponding to four water salinity (0.7; 1.4; 2.1 and 2.8 dS m-1) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 20, 40 and 60 µM). The different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide were applied by soaking the seed for a period of 24 h and spraying the leaves on the adaxial and abaxial sides. At 35 days after transplanting, the interaction between water salinity and hydrogen peroxide concentrations did not significantly interfere with plant physiology and growth, except for the number of leaves. The hydrogen peroxide did not cause significant effects on any of the evaluated plant variables. Increasing salinity of irrigation water led to reduction in gas exchanges at 61 and 96 days after transplanting. Water salinity inhibited the CO2 assimilation, transpiration, stomatal conductance, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency and stem diameter of passion fruit plants.

scholarly journals Water potential and gas exchanges in sugarcane irrigated with saline waters

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 679-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquele M. de Lira ◽  
Ênio F. de F. e Silva ◽  
Marcone da S. Barros ◽  
Leandro C. Gordin ◽  
Lilia G. Willadino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Local Supply ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT In Pernambuco, state in the northeastern region of Brazil, in the coastal areas, due to the intrusion of seawater, the waters used for sugarcane irrigation can have high salt contents and cause serious problems to soil and plant. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of irrigation with saline water on the physiology of sugarcane, variety RB867515, irrigated under five salinity levels of 0.5; 2.0; 3.5; 5.0 and 6.5 dS m-1 in a completely randomized design, with four replicates in drainage lysimeters. The study was conducted in the period from December 2014 to June 2015, at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE). Salinity levels were obtained by dissolving NaCl and CaCl2 in water from the local supply system (ECw = 0.5 dS m-1). Leaves were analyzed for stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis at 140, 229 and 320 days after planting (DAP) and for water potential at 137, 243 and 318 DAP. Increase in irrigation water salinity inhibited all variables at the respective plant ages and with greater intensity in the first evaluations (140 and 229 DAP) for stomatal conductance and transpiration. Photosynthesis and water potential showed the greatest linear reductions at the last data collection (320 and 318 DAP), respectively. Increase in salinity of irrigation water hampered water potential and gas exchange in the leaves of RB867515 sugarcane.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological characteristics of okra plants submitted to saline stress in soil with organic fertilizer

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3241
Author(s):  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Andreza de Melo Mendonça ◽  
Jonnathan Richeds da Silva Sales ◽  
Francisco Barroso da Silva Junior ◽  
João Gutemberg Leite Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels

The excess of salts may compromise the growth and physiological functions of plants, but the use of bovine organic fertilizer can mitigate these effects. It was intended was to evaluate the saline stress in soil with and without bovine organic fertilizer on the initial growth, the accumulation of biomass and the gas exchanges of the okra culture. The test was conducted at the UNILAB’s experimental farm, in Piroás, in Redenção – CE city. The treatments were distributed in a completely randomized design with five replications, in a 5 x 2 factorial concerning five irrigation water salinity levels (1.0; 2.0; 3.0; 4.0 and 5.0 dS m-1), in the presence and absence of bovine organic fertilizer. Plant height, stem diameter, root length, a dry mass of shoot, photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal conductance were evaluated. The bovine organic fertilizer promoted better means in initial growth and biomass in okra plants compared to the control treatment, thus showing efficiency in the attenuation of the salts present in irrigation water. The increase in the saline concentration of the irrigation water reduced the gas exchange (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration) in okra plants. Nonetheless, in smaller proportions in the soil with the bovine organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Initial growth of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) progenies under saline water

2019 ◽  
pp. 695-700
Author(s):  
Emanuel Lucas Bezerra Rocha ◽  
Poliana Coqueiro Dias Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

The carnauba (Copernicia prunifera [Miller] H. E. Moore) is a palm tree that has multiple uses and is of great economic and social importance for extractive families in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of saline water on the production of different progenies of carnauba. The experiment is arranged in a 5 x 36 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design, with five replications and five plants per replication. The treatments consist of five levels of irrigation water salinity (with commercial NaCl levels, free of iodine: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) and 36 free-pollination progenies. The following characteristics are evaluated: foliar length (H), collecting diameter (DC), survival rate (TS), number of leaves (NF), dry shoot mass (MSPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR), and dry mass ratio of the root system to the shoot. The results reveal similar behavior among the progenies for the evaluated characteristics. However, significance is observed for the parameters leaf length, collection diameter, and survival rate when the progenies are subjected to salinity above 9.6 dS m-1. Another significant factor is the accumulation of Na+ in the aerial and radicular parts in salinity levels of 7.1, 9.6, and 12.0 dS m-1, with the root system being the most affected site. Thus, the tested progenies exhibit similar behaviors in tolerance to irrigation water salinity. Since the carnauba can produce seedlings in water with electrical conductivity of up to 9.6 dS m-1, this species is characterized as a bioindicator of saline soils and is recommended for planting in degraded areas.

scholarly journals Initial Development of Safflower Submitted to Irrigation Water Salinity Levels

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
William Fenner ◽  
Edna Maria Bonfim-Silva ◽  
Tonny José Araújo da Silva ◽  
Túlio Santos Martinez ◽  
Thiago Henrique Ferreira Matos Castañon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Plant Emergence

Safflower cultivation is an alternative to tropical cropping systems, with a good rusticity and some tolerance to saline stress in some cultivars. With the increase of irrigated areas around the world, salinization of the soil is an inherent concern, being the management of irrigation and cultivated species fundamental. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and initial development of safflower culture submitted to irrigation water salinity levels. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design consisting of five irrigation water salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1) and six replications. The saline solution was prepared using NaCl and measured with a conductivity meter. Plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter at 26 and 41 days after emergence, and shoot dry weight were evaluated; root volume; root dry mass; total dry mass and dry root/shoot mass ratio at 41 days after plant emergence. There was no visual influence of salinity levels in the evaluations at 26 days after plant emergence. However, 41 days after plant emergence, the increase in salinity levels promoted a decrease in all analyzed variables, except for root volume. Safflower does not tolerate irrigation with saline water. The damages occur from 2 dS m-1, but the largest reductions in the initial development of safflower occur from 6 to 8 dS m-1.

scholarly journals ÁGUA SALINA E SUBSTRATOS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MELOEIRO

Irriga ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ângela Casimiro Lopes ◽  
Rafael Vitor da Silveira Muniz ◽  
Samara Sibelle Vieira Alves ◽  
Aline Costa Ferreira ◽  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Organic Compound ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

ÁGUA SALINA E SUBSTRATOS NO CRESCIMENTO INICIAL DO MELOEIRO   MARIA ÂNGELA CASIMIRO LOPES1; RAFAEL VITOR DA SILVEIRA MUNIZ1; SAMARA SIBELLE VIEIRA ALVES2; ALINE COSTA FERREIRA1; FRANCISCO VANIES DA SILVA SÁ3 E LUDERLÂNDIO DE ANDRADE SILVA3 1 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Pombal, PB, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Unidade Acadêmica de Garanhuns, Universidade Federal Rural do Pernambuco, UFRPE, Garanhuns, PE, Brasil, [email protected] Centro de Ciências e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil, [email protected], [email protected]  1 RESUMO Objetivou-se estudar a produção de mudas de meloeiro em função de diferentes substratos irrigados com água salina. O experimento foi desenvolvido em casa de vegetação no município de Pombal, Paraíba PB, no período de abril a maio de 2015. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 2 constituído de quatro níveis de salinidade da água de irrigação - CEa (0,3; 1,5; 3,0 e 4,5 dS m-1) e três substratos [S1= solo; S2= solo + composto orgânico (2:1); e S3 = solo + esterco bovino (2:1)], e duas variedades de melão (V1= Melão Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho; V2= Hales Best Jumbo), com quatro repetições e três plantas úteis por repetição. As plantas foram conduzidas em recipientes com capacidade de 0,5 dm3 durante 32 dias após a semeadura, quando foram avaliadas quanto ao crescimento e acúmulo de matéria seca. O crescimento e o acúmulo de matéria seca de ambas as variedades foram reduzidos com o aumento da salinidade da água de irrigação. O crescimento e acúmulo de massa seca da variedade Hales Best Jumbo no substrato constituído de solo com composto orgânico foi menos afetado pelo estresse salino. A variedade Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho é a mais sensível ao estresse salino independente do substrato utilizado. Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo L.; estresse salino, composto orgânico.  LOPES, M. A. C.; MUNIZ, R. V. S.; ALVES, S. S. V.; FERREIRA, A. C.; SÁ, F. V. S.; ANDRADE SILVA, L. A.SALINE WATER AND SUBSTRATES ON INITIAL GROWTH IN MELON  2 ABSTRACT The aim was to study the production of melon seedlings for different substrates irrigated with saline water. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the city of Pombal, Paraíba, PB, in the period April-May 2015. We adopted a completely randomized design in a factorial 4 x 3 x 2 design, consisting of four levels of irrigation water salinity (0.3, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 dS m-1) and three substrates [S1= ground; S2= soil + organic compound (2:1); and S3= soil + manure (2:1)] , and two varieties of melon (V1 = Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho; V2 = Hales Best Jumbo), with four replications and three plants per repetition. Plants were kept in containers with a capacity of 0.5 dm3 for 32 days after sowing, when they were evaluated for growth and accumulation of dry matter. Growth and dry matter accumulation of both varieties were reduced with increasing irrigation water salinity. The growth and accumulation of dry mass of the Hales Best Jumbo variety in the substrate composed of soil with organic compost was less affected by salt stress. The Gaúcho Casca de Carvalho variety is the most sensitive to salt stress regardless of the substrate used. Keywords: Cucumis melo L., salt stress, organic compound

scholarly journals Nutritional status of Galia melon plants irrigated with saline water in different soils

DYNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 88 (216) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
José Leôncio de Almeida Silva ◽  
José Francismar de Medeiros ◽  
Iarajane Bezerra do Nascimento ◽  
Jeferson Vieira José ◽  
Neyton de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Different Soils

The experiment was conducted in 2014, in a completely randomized factorial design (5x6), with three replications. The factors were soil classes (Typic Ustipsamments, Typic Haplustults, Typic Haplustepts, Typic Ustifluvents, and Typic Haplusterts) and levels of irrigation water salinity (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 dS m-1). Increasing salinity of irrigation water caused increase in leaf contents of macronutrients in all soils. Adequate leaf contents of N, K, and Mg were observed in plants grown in all soils except K in Typic Haplusterts and Mg in Typic Ustipsamments. Appropriate P levels were observed only in Typic Haplustepts, and Ca only in Typic Haplustults and Typic Ustifluvents. Increased salinity of irrigation water caused increased leaf contents of micronutrients in all soils except copper in Typic Ustifluvents, iron in Typic Haplusterts and Typic Haplustults, and manganese in Typic Ustipsamments and Typic Haplustults.

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