scholarly journals Nutritional deficiency symptoms of young ‘cedro doce’ plants grown under macronutrient omission

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Simone T. M. de Aquino ◽  
Reila F. dos Santos ◽  
Karine D. Batista
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Deficiency Symptoms ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Index Ratio

ABSTRACT ‘Cedro doce’ [Pochota fendleri (Seem) Alverson & Duarte] is a native forest species in Amazon with great ecological and economic importance. Understanding nutritional requirements of the species allows cultivating Pochota fendleri with more efficient fertilization practices since its initial growth, as a seedling. Thus, this research aimed to evaluate the symptoms of nutritional deficiency of young ‘cedro doce’ plants. The experiment was carried out from September to December 2016, under greenhouse conditions, at Embrapa Roraima, in Boa Vista, RR, Brazil. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with seven treatments [complete solution and individual omission of the macronutrients (N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg, -S)] and three replications. Each experimental plot corresponded to a pot with one plant, corresponding to 21 plots. At 77 days after transplanting the seedlings to the pots, the plants were evaluated for symptoms of nutritional deficiency: total height, collar diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll a and b, chlorophyll a/b index ratio, shoot and root dry mass, and root/shoot ratio. The macronutrients omission caused nutritional deficiency symptoms in all ‘cedro doce’ plants. In general, P and N omission caused the least development of plants. This result is an indicative that ‘cedro doce’ is a high demanding species for both nutrients, especially phosphorus.

scholarly journals Trinexapac-ethyl causes stimulatory effect on eucalyptus initial growth under nutritional deficiency

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Lopes Bacha ◽  
Pedro de Figueiredo Rocha Barbosa Martins ◽  
Pedro Luis da Costa Aguiar Alves ◽  
Rinaldo Cesar de Paula
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Phosphorus Deficiency ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Application Time ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Positive Effect

Eucalyptus plants are sensitive to abiotic stresses in their initial growth, and nutritional deficiency is one of the most recurrent among them. Trinexapac-ethyl, which is a plant growth regulator, can positively affect eucalyptus, a response known as hormesis, possibly providing plants with greater tolerance to stress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of trinexapac-ethyl at two application times, before planting (BP) or after planting (AP), in Eucalyptus urophylla under conditions of nutritional deficiency (NPK). Two experiments (one for each application time) were conducted simultaneously during 81 days after planting of eucalyptus in 15 L pots. The treatments consisted of three doses of trinexapac-ethyl (0, 30, and 60 g a.i.·ha−1) and four variations of nutrient supply: complete solution (NPK) and solutions without nitrogen (−N), without phosphorus (−P), and without potassium (−K). The variables of gas exchange, growth, and dry matter were evaluated. For both application times, trinexapac-ethyl had a positive effect on the root–shoot ratio of plants grown in −N and also positively affected some eucalyptus photosynthetic characteristics. In the AP application, the compound provided gains in height and dry matter, regardless of the nutrient supply. Under phosphorus deficiency, trinexapac-ethyl provided gains in total dry matter (BP) and leaf area (AP).

scholarly journals Production of Pityrocarpa moniliformis (Benth.) Luckow & R.W. Jobson (Fabaceae) seedlings irrigated with saline water

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188
Author(s):  
Adriana dos S. Ferreira ◽  
Caio C. P. Leal ◽  
Bruno da S. Guirra ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marco Porceddu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Saline Irrigation ◽  
Total Soluble Sugars ◽  
Chlorophylls A And B

ABSTRACT Saline irrigation water at high levels causes disturbance in the growth of more sensitive plants. The objective of this research was to evaluate the initial growth of Pityrocarpa moniliformis seedlings under different electrical conductivity in irrigation water through physiological and biochemical analyses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five water electrical conductivities (0.5, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 dS m-1) and four repetitions of 20 plants each, arranged in a randomized block design. Application of the treatments with irrigation water containing NaCl began at 30 days after sowing. To determine the behaviour of the species, the following variables were analysed: stem diameter, plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, Dickson quality index, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, as well as the biochemical variables, such as the concentrations of total soluble sugars, free proline and chlorophylls a and b. The increase in irrigation water salinity hampered the growth of P. moniliformis seedlings, with electrical conductivity of 0.5 dS m-1 being the limit for maximum production. The results also indicated that the deleterious effects of salt stress on P. moniliformis seedlings variables increase in concentrations of proline, total soluble sugars and betaine glycine.

scholarly journals Initial growth of Schizolobium parahybae in Brazilian Cerrado soil under liming and mineral fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 908-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ademilson Coneglian ◽  
Pedro H. P. Ribeiro ◽  
Bruno S. Melo ◽  
Rennan F. Pereira ◽  
Joáz Dorneles Junior
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Brazilian Cerrado ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Soil Liming ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Soil Fertilizer

ABSTRACT High prices and the scarcity of hardwoods require the use of alternative wood sources, such as the Guapuruvu (Schizolobium parahybae), an arboreal species native to the Atlantic Forest, which has fast growth and high market potential. However, there is no information on its cultivation in the Brazilian Cerrado. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the contribution of mineral fertilization and liming in a Cerrado soil on the initial growth of Schizolobium parahybae. The experiment was set in a randomized block design, with 4 treatments (Cerrado soil; soil + liming; soil + fertilizer; and soil + fertilizer + liming) and 15 replicates. The following variables were analyzed: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total, shoot, leaf, root and stem dry matter, and root/shoot ratio. The obtained data were subjected to the analysis of variance, Tukey test and regression analysis. During the initial growth, Schizolobium parahybae can be cultivated in a Brazilian Cerrado soil only under mineral fertilization, with no need for soil liming.

scholarly journals Seed reserves partition and light compensation point of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) seedlings growth under low photosynthetic active radiation

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Pires de Lemos Filho ◽  
Ricardo Jenner Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Swietenia Macrophylla ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Light Compensation Point ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
Seed Reserves

The aim of this study was to verify the dry mass partition of the seed reserves during the initial growth of Swietenia macrophylla seedlings, in the dark, and at low levels of photosynthetically active radiation: 0.125; 3.12 and 52 µ mol.m-2.s-1. After 50 days, the dry mass of the seed reserves did not differ with treatments, but the total dry mass and leaf area were higher in the seedlings under higher light treatment. No difference in root/shoot ratio was observed between treatments, but the leaf area ratio was lower at higher light. Only the seedlings grown at 52 µ mol.m-2.s-1 showed a positive dry mass increase in relation to the mobilized seed reserves. With the values of the net increase of the seedling mass, a linear equation was adjusted in relation to the light levels, permitting to determine 3.76 µ mol.m-2.s-1 as the seedling light compensation point. These results explain the shade tolerance of the S. macrophylla seedlings.

scholarly journals Silicon mitigates nutritional stress in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Sales ◽  
Cid Naudi Silva Campos ◽  
Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior ◽  
Dalila Lopes da Silva ◽  
Kamilla Silva Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Complete Solution ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll Production ◽  
Nutritional Effects ◽  
Si Supply

AbstractNutritional deficiency is common in several regions of quinoa cultivation. Silicon (Si) can attenuate the stress caused by nutritional deficiency, but studies on the effects of Si supply on quinoa plants are still scarce. Given this scenario, our objective was to evaluate the symptoms in terms of tissue, physiological and nutritional effects of quinoa plants submitted to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) deficiencies under Si presence. The experiment consisted of a factorial scheme 6 × 2, using a complete solution (CS), -N, -P, -K, -Ca, -Mg combined with absence and presence of Si (1.5 mmol L−1). Symptomatic, physiological, nutritional and evaluation vegetative were performed in quinoa crop. The deficiencies of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in quinoa cultivation caused visual symptoms characteristic of the deficiency caused by respective nutrients, hence decreasing the plant dry mass. However, Si supply attenuated the deficiency effects by preserving the photosynthetic apparatus, increasing the chlorophyll production, increasing the membrane integrity, and decreasing the electrolyte leakage. Thus, the Si supply attenuated the visual effects provided by deficiency of all nutrients, but stood out for N and Ca, because it reflected in a higher dry mass production. This occurred because, the Si promoted higher synthesis and protection of chlorophylls, and lower electrolyte leakage under Ca restriction, as well as decreased electrolyte leakage under N restriction.

scholarly journals Initial growth of zucchini irrigated with saline water in soil with biofertilizers

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juvenaldo Florentino Canjá ◽  
Josimar De Azevedo ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Clarissa Lima Magalhães ◽  
Thales Vinícius De Araújo Viana
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Zucchini culture is slightly sensitive to salinity and is among the ten vegetables of highest economic value, with characteristics of precocity and easy cultivation. These characteristics are some of the reasons for the expansion of its cultivation among small producers. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the effect of different levels of salinity in the irrigation water and biofertilizer types on the initial growth of the zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) culture. The experiment was carried out in the full sunlight in a randomized block design, in a 5x2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of a combination of five types of biofertilizers (quail, sheep, mixed, bovine, and crab) and two salinity levels of the irrigation water (0.8 and 2.5 dS m-1), with five replicates. At 30 days after transplanting, the following variables were evaluated: electrical conductivity of the substrate, plant height, number of leaves, roots length, stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, dry mass of the aerial part, root dry mass, and total dry mass. Salt stress negatively interferes with the accumulation of zucchini plant biomass. Quail, bovine, and sheep biofertilizers are more efficient about plant height, number of leaves, and stem diameter. The sheep biofertilizer attenuates the salt stress for the dry mass of the aerial part, the root, and the total dry mass.

scholarly journals Water salinity, nitrogen and phosphorus on photochemical efficiency and growth of west indian cherry

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Emanoela P. de Paiva ◽  
Rômulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the interaction between water salinity and doses of nitrogen and phosphorus on chlorophyll a fluorescence and on the growth of West Indian Cherry (‘acerola’) plants in the initial growth stage. The research was carried out in a protected environment, in lysimeters filled with Regolithic Neosol of loamy clay texture and low initial phosphorus content. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, arranged in a factorial scheme with two factors, five levels of electrical conductivity of the irrigation water - ECw (0.6, 1.4, 2.2, 3.0 and 3.8 dS m-1) and four proportions of the recommendation of phosphorus/nitrogen - P/N (100:100, 140:100, 100:140 and 140:140% P/N of recommendation), with three replicates, and each plot consisted of one plant. Water salinity above 2.2 dS m-1 decreases the quantum efficiency of photosystem II and the growth of west indian cherry plants. Increase in nitrogen and/or phosphorus supply improves the energy stability of west indian cherry plants by reducing the effects of salt stress on the quantum efficiency of photosystem II. The increase of 40% in the nitrogen dose increased the chlorophyll a fluorescence, but did not influence the plant growth.

scholarly journals Initial growth of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera) progenies under saline water

2019 ◽  
pp. 695-700
Author(s):  
Emanuel Lucas Bezerra Rocha ◽  
Poliana Coqueiro Dias Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Root System ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Water Salinity ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity

The carnauba (Copernicia prunifera [Miller] H. E. Moore) is a palm tree that has multiple uses and is of great economic and social importance for extractive families in Northeast Brazil. The objective of this work is to analyze the effect of saline water on the production of different progenies of carnauba. The experiment is arranged in a 5 x 36 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design, with five replications and five plants per replication. The treatments consist of five levels of irrigation water salinity (with commercial NaCl levels, free of iodine: 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM) and 36 free-pollination progenies. The following characteristics are evaluated: foliar length (H), collecting diameter (DC), survival rate (TS), number of leaves (NF), dry shoot mass (MSPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR), and dry mass ratio of the root system to the shoot. The results reveal similar behavior among the progenies for the evaluated characteristics. However, significance is observed for the parameters leaf length, collection diameter, and survival rate when the progenies are subjected to salinity above 9.6 dS m-1. Another significant factor is the accumulation of Na+ in the aerial and radicular parts in salinity levels of 7.1, 9.6, and 12.0 dS m-1, with the root system being the most affected site. Thus, the tested progenies exhibit similar behaviors in tolerance to irrigation water salinity. Since the carnauba can produce seedlings in water with electrical conductivity of up to 9.6 dS m-1, this species is characterized as a bioindicator of saline soils and is recommended for planting in degraded areas.

scholarly journals Emergence Rate and Initial Growth of Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour) in Relation to Seeds Sizes

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Fábio Oseias dos Reis Silva ◽  
José Darlan Ramos ◽  
Ranieri Reis Laredo ◽  
Verônica Andrade dos Santos ◽  
Nathalia Vallery Tostes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shoot Mass

The fruit plant ‘Longan’ is considered as being native to Asia and is at present commercially explored in some regions. The objective of this work was to study the influence of seed size on seed emergence and initial seedling growth. The experiment was carried out using a randomized block design (DBC), with three treatments, namely, the seed sizes at seedling emergence according to their longitudinal diameter: small, medium and large. Each plot was composed of six seeds and five replications per treatment. The following characteristics were evaluated: emergence speed index, average time, percentage and relative frequency of emergence, leaf number, stem diameter, plant height, shoot dry mass and root dry mass. Seeds of medium and large size are those that presented satisfactory results for the characteristics related to seed emergence. The same ones stood out in relation to the small seeds for the variables percentage, average time, average speed and emergence speed index. Small seeds are not recommended for the production of ‘Longan’ seedlings, given the long period of time to emerge and the low probability of the seedlings establishing satisfactorily in the field. The medium and large seeds were the most promising for the variables number of leaves, stem diameter, plant height, dry shoot mass and dry root mass.Therefore, according to the conditions in which the present work was conducted, the use of medium and large seeds for the production of ‘Longan’ seedlings is suggested.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION TECHNIQUES OF ARBOREAL SPECIES SEEDLINGS AND USE OF MULCHING IN AN ALTERED AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thairini Claudino Zavistanovicz ◽  
Suelen Carpenedo Aimi ◽  
Maristela Machado Araujo ◽  
Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽  
Daniele Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Tree Seedlings ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Casearia Sylvestris ◽  
Similar Survival

ABSTRACT Among the methods used for the restoration of altered areas, the planting of native tree seedlings is one of the most traditional ones. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival and initial growth of Casearia sylvestris Sw, Handroanthus heptaphyllus Vell. Mattos and Parapiptadenia rigida Benth. Brenan seedlings in altered areas, according to containers used in nursery seedlings production and use of mulching on planting, using morphological and physiological attributes. The experiment was conducted in a 2x2 factorial scheme. The type of containers used (plastic bag and tube) was considered, and the presence or absence of mulching around the seedlings. The three species presented similar survival averages at 24 months. The rates between the treatments were 72.5; 85.0 and 80.0%, respectively. The use of plastic bags had a positive impact on the height (IncH) and stem collar (IncDC), crown area (CA) and shoot dry mass (SDM) for C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus, while for P. rigida, the use of plastic bags favored the CA and the SDM. The presence of mulching favored the attributes IncH, IncDC, AC, and MSPA of H. heptaphyllus, as well as CA and SDM of C. sylvestris. Regarding the physiological parameters (relative levels of chlorophyll a and b and fluorescence of chlorophyll a), no difference was observed between the treatments tested. It is recommended that for the planting of seedlings of C. sylvestris, H. heptaphyllus, and P. rigida, in altered areas by anthropization, they be produced in a 1.5 L plastic bag, aiming at greater field growth. Also, in the planting of C. sylvestris and H. heptaphyllus the mulching should be used to favor their growth.

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