scholarly journals Yield and water use efficiency of cactus pear under arrangements, spacings and fertilizations

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A. Lédo ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Cactus pear is adapted to semi-arid conditions. In this study, the objective was to evaluate the water use efficiency and green and dry mass yields of the cultivar Gigante under different fertilization rates and sources in three production cycles, spacing and planting arrangement. Seventy two treatments, involving two types of arrangements in the plots, three spacings in the subplots and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots were arranged in a split-split-plot scheme, using randomized block design with three repetions. Dry mass content decreases while water use efficiency and green mass and dry mass yields increase from the first to the third cycle. It is feasible to use planting arrangements in triple or quadrupling rows which allow increasing the mechanization index of the crop. Organomineral fertilization with 30 or 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure combined with 150-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O and 300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of P2O5-K2O, respectively; organic fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 of manure; and mineral fertilization with 300-300-600 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O ensure green mass and dry mass yields greater than 200 and 15 Mg ha-1 cycle-1, respectively, and water use efficiency greater than 20 kg ha-1 mm-1 in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear. It is concluded that yields of this magnitude are ensured with application of about 300-300-300 kg ha-1 year-1 of N-P2O5-K2O using organic, organomineral or mineral sources.

scholarly journals Forage yield and morphological traits of cactus pear genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e51214
Author(s):  
João Paulo de Farias Ramos ◽  
Alberto Jefferson da Silva Macêdo ◽  
Edson Mauro Santos ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Wandrick Hauss de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Water Accumulation ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Morphological Responses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage yield and morphological responses of 34 cactus pear (Nopalea cochenillifera and Opuntia ficus indica) genotypes. The genotypes were planted in a randomized complete block design, with 34 treatments and three replicates. After 330 days of cultivation, morphological characteristics, plant mortality and pest and disease occurrence on the plants were assessed, and plant cutting was performed. Multivariate analyses were performed to assign the 34 cactus genotypes to homogenous groups. The average Euclidian distance was adopted as a dissimilarity measurement for use with the standardized data Variables with relatively high levels of independence among the agronomic categories and with biological importance to animal nutrition and forage yield were assessed. To identify associative effects, Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed among all the studied variables. The formation of five distinct groups was observed, and some morphological responses correlated with the productivity characteristics. Green mass production was positively correlated with dry mass production, water accumulation, water-use efficiency, water accumulation and cladode number per plant. The following genotypes had remarkably high yields of dry and green mass, a greater ability to accumulate water and relatively high water-use efficiency and support capacity: Negro Michoacan (V07), Tamazunchale (V12), California (V14), Orelha de Elefante Mexicana (V17), and Amarillo 2289 (T32).

scholarly journals EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 528-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rossi Vicente ◽  
Everardo Chartuni Mantovani ◽  
ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES ◽  
FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI ◽  
EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Coffea Arabica ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Level Of Significance

EFEITO DE DIFERENTES LÂMINAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NAS VARIÁVEIS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DO CAFEEIRO IRRIGADO POR PIVÔ CENTRAL  MARCELO ROSSI VICENTE1; EVERARDO CHARTUNI MANTOVANI2; ANDRÉ LUÍS TEIXEIRA FERNANDES3; FÁBIO TEIXEIRA DELAZARI4 E EDMILSON MARQUES FIGUEREDO5 1 Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, Salinas, MG, [email protected] Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Universidade de Uberaba, Uberaba, MG, Fábio Teixeira Delazari, [email protected] Departamento de Fitotecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, [email protected] Bahia Farm Show, Luís Eduardo Magalhães, BA, [email protected]  1      RESUMO O presente trabalho foi conduzido com objetivo de avaliar o efeito de diferentes lâminas de irrigação nas variáveis de produção, estádios maturação de frutos e eficiência no uso da água pela cultura do cafeeiro irrigado por pivô central equipado com emissores LEPA, na região Oeste da Bahia. Realizou-se o trabalho na fazenda Café do Rio Branco, localizada em Barreiras - BA em cafeeiros adultos da variedade Catuaí IAC 144. O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento de blocos casualizados, composto de cinco tratamentos correspondentes à 70, 85, 100, 125 e 150% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. As produtividades, os estádios de maturação dos frutos e eficiência no uso da água do cafeeiro foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão, em que os modelos foram escolhidos baseados na significância dos coeficientes de regressão utilizando-se o teste t de 1 a 10% de probabilidade. Diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que, a produtividade da cultura do café foi expressivamente dependente da lâmina de água aplicada, sendo que a maior produtividade (60 sc ha-1) foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação acumulada de 661 mm ano-1, correspondente à 96% da lâmina de irrigação determinada pelo software Irriplus. A lâmina que proporcionou a máxima porcentagem de frutos cereja (44,1%) foi de 723 mm ano-1 (105%). A lâmina que proporcionou a maior eficiência no uso da água foi de 480 mm ano-1 (70%). Palavras-Chave: Coffea arabica, manejo da irrigação, emissor LEPA, uso eficiente da água.  VICENTE, M. R.; MANTOVANI, E. M.; FERNANDES, A. L. T.; DELAZARI, F. T.; FIGUEREDO, E. M.EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT LEVELS OF IRRIGATION DEPTHS   ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTION VARIABLES OF COFFEE UNDER CENTER PIVOT  IRRIGATION     2        ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different irrigation depths on yield, ripening stages and water use efficiency by the   coffee crop irrigated by center pivot with LEPA emitters in western Bahia. The experiment was carried out at the Café Rio Branco farm, in Barreiras city, Bahia state, using  adult coffee trees of cv. Catuaí IAC 144. A completely randomized block design was used with five treatments consisting of 70, 85, 100, 125 and 150 % of ETc, determined by the Irriplus software.  Data of yield, fruit ripening stage and water use efficiency were evaluated   using analyses of variance  and regression. Models were chosen based on level of significance of   regression coefficients using the Student´s t-test, 1 to  10% probability.  Based on the results,  coffee crop yield was highly dependent on  the water depth applied. The highest yield (3.6 ton/ha) was achieved  using accumulated irrigation depth of 661 mm year -1 (96 % of Etc).  Water depths of   723 mm year-1 (105 %) and 480 mm year-1 (70% ETc)  provided the highest percentage of cherry fruit (44.1%) and the highest water use efficiency, respectively. Keywords: Coffea arábica, irrigation management, LEPA emitter, water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Use of selenium to increase antioxidant activity and water use efficiency in arugula (Eruca vesicaria ssp. Sativa) exposed to drought stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. e3291210670
Author(s):  
Danielle Paula de Oliveira Mangarotti ◽  
Roberto Rezende ◽  
Reni Saath ◽  
Tiago Luan Hachmann ◽  
Paula Toshimi Matumoto-Pintro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Growth Respiration ◽  
Use Efficiency

Environmental stress can directly or indirectly affect the formation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress damages cell constituents such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, reducing plant growth, respiration and photosynthesis. In recent decades, evidence has shown that small doses of selenium act as an antioxidant and plant biostimulant, promoting growth and improving resistance to abiotic stress such as drought. As such, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of selenium foliar feeding (0, 150 and 300 ppm) on the antioxidant activity, water use efficiency and yield traits of arugula grown with and without drought stress (50% and 100% ETc) in a protected environment. A randomized block design was used, with a 2x3 factorial scheme and four repetitions. Antioxidant activity increased in treatments with 150 ppm of fertilizer and exposure to drought stress. Plants in these treatments obtained higher water use efficiency, yield and leaf area values than those not submitted to drought stress.

scholarly journals Nutrient concentration and nutritional efficiency in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear submitted to different spacings and fertilizations

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex A. Lédo ◽  
Sergio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignácio Aspiazu ◽  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Paulo E. R. Donato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Mn Concentrations

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient concentration and nutritional efficiency in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different chemical, organic and organomineral fertilizations, planting configurations and spacings, during three production cycles. Seventy two treatments, involving two types of configuration in the plots, three spacings in the subplots and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots were arranged in a split-split-plot scheme, in a randomized block design, with three repetitions. At the time of harvest of each production cycle, 40 cladode tissue samples were collected per treatment to determine dry matter mass and nutrient concentration, which were used to calculate the coefficients of biological utilization of nutrients. Organic fertilization reduces Mn concentrations in cladodes to levels below the sufficiency range. The nutritional efficiency of N, S, P, Mn and Zn is higher with organic and organomineral fertilizations and are associated with higher dry matter yields, whereas K nutritional efficiency is higher with mineral fertilization. The absence of fertilization or application of 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 of bovine manure is insufficient to ensure nutritional status and dry matter yield above 15 Mg ha-1 in ‘Gigante’ cactus pear.

scholarly journals Nutritional balance and recovery rate of macronutrients by ‘Gigante’ cactus pear under different fertilizations

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Alex A. Lédo ◽  
Sérgio L. R. Donato ◽  
Ignacio Aspiazú ◽  
João A. da Silva ◽  
Cleiton F. B. Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Cactus Pear ◽  
Recovery Rates ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Nutritional Balance

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient export, nutritional balance and macronutrient recovery rate in ‘Gigante cactus pear under different fertilization doses, spacings and configurations during three production cycles. The 72 treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three repetitions, two configurations in the plots (triple and quadruple row), three spacings in the subplots (3.00 x 1.00 x 0.25 m; 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.16 m and 3.00 x 1.00 x 0.125 m); and 12 types of fertilization in the sub-subplots (with organic, organomineral and mineral sources). Exports of nutrients are higher under fertilizers with higher nutrient supplies, regardless of source. The order of export was K > Ca > N > Mg > S > P for mineral fertilization, organic fertilization with 30 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 30 and 60 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus NPK and PK, and it changed to K > Ca > N > Mg > P > S under organic fertilization with 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 and organomineral fertilization with 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus K. The nutrient balance after three production cycles was positive for N, P and S, negative for Ca and Mg in all fertilizations, and positive for K under mineral fertilization with 600 kg ha-1 of K2O and organomineral fertilization with 30, 60 and 90 Mg ha-1 year-1 plus 600 kg ha-1 of K2O. The highest recovery rates of K and the lowest recovery rates of N occur under organic fertilization.

scholarly journals Response of bell pepper crop subjected to irrigation depths calculated by different methodologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. da Silva ◽  
Mariane G. Ferreira ◽  
Silvio B. Pereira ◽  
Fábio T. Delazari ◽  
Derly J. H. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Growth Production ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Water must be supplied to a crop in the proper amount and in a timely manner. Vegetables require a good water availability in soil during their entire cycle. Thus, it is very important the implementation of an irrigation management and accurate estimation of water requirement. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of five irrigation depths estimated by the dual-Kc and single-Kc methodologies on the characteristics of growth, production and water use efficiency in the pepper crop. A randomized block design was adopted in a split plot arrangement. The effect of five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125 and 150% of crop evapotranspiration - ETc) was evaluated in the plots, and the methodologies were evaluated in the subplots. It was evaluated the root dry matter, total fruit production, leaf temperature, number of aborted flowers and water use efficiency. The interaction between both effects was not significant for any of the variables. The effect of methodology was observed only on the number of aborted flowers. The effect of the irrigation depths was significant on all variables. The irrigation depths that lead to the best agronomic characteristics were superior to 100% of ETc. The ratio between the irrigation depths estimated by single-Kc and dual-Kc methodologies was 1.14. Single-Kc methodology and irrigation depth of 143% ETc were more suitable for the horticulturist. The most efficient irrigation depth in the use of water was 105% ETc.

scholarly journals Water Use Efficiency, Yield and Crop Coefficient (Kc) of Groundnut crop under different Water Regimes

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Aruna KT
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Use Efficiency

The pot experiment was carried out during September 2015 to January 2016 at instructional farm, College of Agricultural Engineering, UAS Raichur under rain shelter to study the effect of different water regimes, (i.e. T1:100, T2:90, T3:80, T4:70, T5:60 and T6:50) per cent of water application with available moisture holding capacity on grain yield and water use efficiency. Completely Randomized block design with four replications was used in this study. The results showed that there was significant difference between the yield and (WUE) under different levels of irrigation. The total irrigation water applied were (i.e., 211.98, 243.02, 225.78, 155.09, 135.51 and 105.62 mm/plant) under different water regime treatments (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) of available moisture holding capacity (AMHC) respectively. Grain yield productions under different treatments were 106.25, 171.25, 127.50, 75, 55 and 40.75 g/plant/pot at 100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 per cent of AMHC respectively. The results showed that water use efficiency (WUE) at different treatments were 0.50, 0.70, 0.56, 0.48, 0.41 and 0.39 g/mm for (100, 90, 80, 70, 60 and 50 %) per cent of AMHC respectively. Therefore, the 90 % of AMHC treatment (T2) is recommended for groundnut irrigation for water saving. The comparison of actual crop coefficient that obtained by water balance technic in experiment and crop coefficient (Kc) values of groundnut for different crop growth stages were selected based on the values suggested by FAO (Allen et al., 1998) are similar in the treatment of 90 % (T2) of the AMHC. Furthermore, the result showed that the treatment of 90 per cent of Available moisture holding capacity (T2) seemed to be better adapted to product a high crop yield with acceptable yield coupling with water use efficiency in this region.

scholarly journals Precocity, yield and water-use efficiency of banana plants under planting densities and irrigation depths, in semiarid region

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Rocha dos Santos ◽  
Sérgio Luiz Rodrigues Donato ◽  
Diogo Barreto Magalhães ◽  
Manoel Pereira Cotrim
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Irrigation Depth ◽  
Use Efficiency

ABSTRACT Banana is a crop of major importance for the Brazilian semiarid region. However, because of the low availability and irregularities of the rainfall in this area, it is necessary to combine techniques that allow a higher water-use efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different combinations of irrigation depths and planting densities on the precocity, yield and water-use efficiency of BRS Platina banana plants, in the semiarid region of the Bahia state, Brazil. A randomized block design with four replicates was used, in a split-plot arrangement. Irrigation depths of 55 %, 70 %, 85 % and 100 % of the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) were assigned to the plot, and the planting densities of 1,600 plants ha-1, 2,000 plants ha-1, 2,666 plants ha-1 and 3,333 plants ha-1 to the split-plot. The hands weight and number of fruits decreased in a linear way with the increase in the planting density (1,600 plants ha-1 to 3,333 plants ha-1) from 10.89 kg to 9.49 kg and from 97.16 to 89.86, respectively; whereas the hands yield (15.5 t ha-1 to 25.79 t ha-1) and the harvest period (442 to 455 days) increased. The number of fruits increased linearly from 89.46 to 98.08 with the irrigation depth of 55 % to 100 % of the ETc. The yield and water-use efficiency increased linearly as the planting density increased (1,600 plants ha-1 to 3,333 plants ha-1) from 5.14 to 8.60, while the water-use efficiency decreased with the irrigation depth from 7.97 to 5.50, conidering 55 % to 100 % of the ETc. It is possible to obtain higher yields and a higher water-use efficiency by using a higher planting density and irrigation levels below 100 % of the ETc.

scholarly journals Assessing the Water and Thermal Use Efficiencies of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) Grown under Different Strength of Jute Agro Textile Mulch in India

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anwesha Sarkar ◽  
Argha Ghosh ◽  
P. K. Tarafdar ◽  
S. K. De
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency

Aims: To evaluate the effects of jute agrotextile mulches on yield and yield attributes, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency as well as accumulated agrometeorological indices and thermal utilization of groundnut. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in the experimental farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, West Bengal, India during kharif season of 2017 and 2018. Methodology: The experiment was carried in randomized block design with five treatments each of which was replicated four times Groundnut (variety J L-24) as a test crop. The treatments (T), composing different strength of jute agro textile (JAT) used as mulching material were as follows: T1: 1000 GSM JAT, T2: 800 GSM, T3: 600 GSM, T4: 400 GSM JAT and T5: farmer's practice (control) where GSM is gram per square meter. All the data regarding the yield, yield attributes, water use efficiency and thermal utilization of the crop were recorded accordingly. Results: Response of pod yield over control were 24.26 q/ha, 26.44 q/ha, 20.98 q/ha and 18.25q/ha in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 respectively. Though all the treatments showed increment over control, the highest result was found in T2 and a further increase in strength of JAT showed a decrement in all aspects. The water use efficiency, at an average, increased by 69.12% due to the various treatments over control. Heat unit and thermal units use efficiencies were also highest in treatment T2 which showed the most accurate utilization of thermal indices. Conclusion: Therefore, among all the treatments T2 exhibited the most promising effect on improving yield and other attributes along with maintaining sustainability as it might have provided the most favourable soil condition compared to other mulches for groundnut.

scholarly journals IRRIGATED MAIZE CROP: GRAIN YIELD IN TWO SOWING SEASONS IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TERESINA, PIAUÍ

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
MILTON JOSÉ CARDOSO ◽  
HÉLIO WILSON LEMOS CARVALHO ◽  
LEONARDO MELO PEREIRA ROCHA ◽  
LAURO MOREIRA GUIMARÃES ◽  
PAULO EVARISTO GUIMARÃES
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Sowing Season

The objective of this work was to evaluate commercial maize hybrids, under conventional sprinkler irrigation, in two sowing seasons (July and August 2017), in the municipality of Teresina, Piauí. A randomized block design was used, with two replications and 39 treatments (commercial maize hybrids). The characteristics evaluated were grain yield, water use efficiency, number of ears and number of grains per area. For the experiment with sowing done in July 2017, the average grain yield was 9.82 Mg ha-1 and the water use efficiency was 1.9 kg m-3, which are, respectively, 4.7 % and 15.8 % higher in relation to the experiment with sowing done in August 2017. Regardless of the sowing season, grain yields over 10.0 Mg ha-1 of three hybrids (LG 6418, CD 3880 PW and 2A 401 PW) stand out. The yield components, number of kernels per ear and grain mass per ear, show high values of correlation (over 0.80) with grain yield.

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