scholarly journals Two methods for isolation of endophytic and edaphic Bacillus spp. from sugarcane fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Elízia Pacheco Ferreira ◽  
Luís Garrigós Leite ◽  
Ricardo Antônio Polanczyk ◽  
Marise Tanaka Suzuki ◽  
Raquel de Paula Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Root ◽  
World Health ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
The World ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Bacillus Strains

ABSTRACT: Bacillus has been widely studied and used for the control of pests and diseases. The adapted protocol proposed by POLANCZYK (2004) proved to be more efficient than the one by the World Health Organization (WHO, 1985) to isolate edaphic strains of Bacillus. However, it has not been assessed for isolation of endophytic strains, which are much less abundant in the nature and more difficult to be isolated. This study aimed to compare two methodological procedures for isolation of Bacillus, established by the WHO (1985) and by POLANCZYK (2004), regarding their efficiency for isolation of endophytics and edaphics Bacillus strains from inside the root tissue of sugarcane, as well as from the associated soil sample, collected from 11 locations; and to compare the density of bacteria in both environments. Endophytic and edaphic strains of Bacillus were isolated by both procedures. However, the isolation protocol performed by POLANCZYK (2004) made more efficient by having a greater number of colony forming units (CFU) per gram of soil and root indicating that this procedure is more useful, especially for isolation of endophytic strains of Bacillus, which are much less abundant in the nature than edaphic strains, being therefore more difficult to be isolated. Using the Polanczyk protocol (2004), Bacillus strains were recovered from all roots (endophytic) and soil (edaphic) samples of all the 11 fields, suggesting that the plant root may be another important source for isolation of Bacillus besides the soil. Higher densities of Bacillus were isolated from the edaphic environment compared with the endophytic environment, with significant differences when isolated by Polanczyk method (2004).

scholarly journals From Syphilis to Autism, How the Anti-Vaccination Movement of Today is an Echo of the Past

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayleigh Beaveridge
Keyword(s):  
Personal Narratives ◽  
World Health ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Preventable Diseases ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The 19Th Century

Introduction: The anti-vaccination movement has led to decreased vaccination rates and increased vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases in the general population. In order to better understand the anti-vaccination movement of today, the anti-vaccination movement that emerged in the 19th century is examined and measured against the one observed in the 20th century. Discussion: Though the population of the 19th and 20th centuries differ in many regards and our knowledge of vaccine and immune mechanisms are far greater; the anti-vaccination movement seen today stands on the same pillars as that of the 1800s with the sentiment of fear at its core. Though the façade of these pillars has been altered to suit the world today, both movements exploited the influence of prominent public figures, maintained false associations with dire vaccine consequences and emphasized these through the use of visual media, repetition and personal narratives. The persistence of the anti-vaccination movement lies largely in the use of personal stories which are more impactful and memorable then the statistical characteristics of scientific study. Conclusion: The pro-vaccination movement must respond to the tactics used by the anti-vaccination movement and create accessible, understandable and equally impactful communication strategies in order to prevent the spread of misinformation and counter the efforts of the current anti-vaccination movement. Relevance: Vaccine hesitancy was listed amongst the top 10 global health threats in 2019 by the World Health Organization. In order to shift the negative rhetoric surrounding vaccines, the anti-vaccination movement of today and its historic roots need to be understood.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in the International Year of Plant Health

2022 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Jorge Gutiérrez-Samperio
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Plant Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Bible ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
Health Organization

<p>Pests, in their broad sense, have played an important part in the history of humankind. We could say that humans, crops and pests have walked together through life. Codices, glyphs, paintings and countless ancient documents, including the Bible and the Koran, bear witness to this. Humanity has been attacked by its own diseases, but also by those that limit them from obtaining food and deteriorate the environment. COVID-19, which is now troubling us and was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March of 2020, became a part of the list of experiences we have suffered in the past, with pests or epidemics that caused millions of deaths by diseases or famines. It is paradoxical that this health contingency occurs when the United Nations General Assembly, on December 20th, 2018, in its resolution A/RES/73/252 decides to declare 2020 the International Year of Plant Health in order to “highlight the importance of plant health to improve food security, protect the environment and biodiversity and boost economic development” according to the pronouncement by the FAO. For the first time, in an era with great technological and scientific breakthroughs, humanity was aware of its vulnerability against the inevitable evolution of life forms in the face of dilemmas global impact caused by human beings. Thus, the pest or parasite makes its own declaration of existential preeminence through SARS-CoV-2 to remind us that the health of humans or plants is the essence of life and its continuity. But perhaps absolute health is not enough. It is necessary to find a balance in a world overwhelmed by giving so much in return for almost nothing to everyone living on it. If the sensor of our anthropocentric intervention of the world is climate change, then biological chaos is a masterpiece. The reemergence of pests and diseases considered eradicated, or those of zoonotic origin that had never accompanied our existence is a surreal dystopia that we will never be able to deny again.</p>

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of fad diets published on websites and blogs

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daiane Cristina de Assis BRAGA ◽  
Hillary Nascimento COLETRO ◽  
Maria Tereza de FREITAS
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intermittent Fasting ◽  
Dietary Reference Intake ◽  
The World ◽  
Carb Diet ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Deficiency Diseases

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze quantitatively the diets available on blogs and websites. Methods The following 15 diets were analyzed: low-carb diet, gluten-free diet and intermittent fasting diet using the Virtual Nutri software program. The nutrients analyzed were as follows: carbohydrates, fibers, proteins, lipids, iodine, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, manganese, phosphorus, selenium, vitamins A, C, B6, B12, D, niacin, and folate. The nutrient values were compared with the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. The macronutrient adequacy percentage was based on a 2000-kcal diet for a healthy life, as recommended by the World Health Organization. Results It was observed that most of the composition of macro and micronutrients was lower than the one established by the World Health Organization and the Dietary Reference Intake recommendation for adults between the ages of 19-50 years. Conclusion Long-term dieting can be a risk factor for several deficiency diseases and may endanger the health of individuals.

scholarly journals Teori Kebutuhan Maslow Sebagai Rasionalisasi Pencegahan Kasus Aborsi Di Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurika Fauzia Wardhani ◽  
Oktarina Oktarina
Keyword(s):  
Case Analysis ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
The Other ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Health ◽  
Illegal Abortion ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

The high rate of abortion in Indonesia makes abortion “buah simalakama”. On the one hand, abortion for non-medical reasons is strictly forbidden, but on the other hand illegal abortion increases mortality due to lack of medical facilities and infrastructure because most illegal abortions are done in traditional ways. The World Health Organization (WHO) determines that abortion is a reproductive health problem that needs attention and is a cause of suffering for women throughout the world. This study will analyze Maslow’s Theory of Needs as a rationalization of the reasons for informants to have an abortion. The method used is case analysis based on Maslow’s Theory of Needs. The results showed that, of the 131 informants who had an abortion to meet their security needs (both literally, fi nancially and otherwise) 48%, love / social needs were 37%, to meet physiological needs of 14.5%. Actions taken by informants for abortion were taking drugs 23%, drinking herbal medicine 9.2%, eating pineapple 3.8%, 2.3% vaginal medicine, 1.5% massage, 1.5% midwife consul, eating “tape” 0.76%, looking for health services 0.76%, while those who have not tried 21.4% and those who did not answer 35.9%. It was concluded that Maslow’s Needs Theory could be used to rationalize the reasons for informants having an abortion. Abstrak Tingginya angka aborsi di Indonesia menjadikan aborsi sebagai buah simalakama. Di satu sisi aborsi dengan alasan non medik dilarang keras, namun di sisi lain aborsi ilegal menjadi marak dan meningkatkan angka kematian. Kurangnya sarana dan prasarana medis menjadi penyebabnya karena sebagian besar aborsi ilegal dilakukan dengan cara tradisional. Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) menentukan bahwa aborsi termasuk dalam masalah kesehatan reproduksi yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian dan merupakan penyebab penderitaan wanita di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis Teori Kebutuhan Maslow sebagai rasionalisasi alasan informan untuk melakukan aborsi. Metode yang dilakukan adalah analisis kasus berdasar Teori Kebutuhan Maslow. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa, dari 131 informan melakukan aborsi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rasa aman (baik secara harafi ah, fi nancial, maupun lainnya) 48%, kebutuhan cinta/sosial 37%, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan fi siologis 14,5%. Tindakan yang dilakukan informan untuk aborsi adalah dengan minum obat-obatan 23%, minum jamu 9,2%, makan nanas 3,8%, obat pervaginam 2,3%, pijat 1,5%, konsul bidan 1,5%, makan tape 0,76%, mencari pelayanan kesehatan 0,76%, sedangkan yang belum berupaya 21,4% dan yang tidak menjawab 35,9%. Disimpulkan bahwa Teori Kebutuhan Maslow dapat digunakan untuk merasionalisasi alasan informan melakukan aborsi.

scholarly journals Slavoj Žižek, Pandemic! COVID-19 Shakes the World

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. xlix-l
Author(s):  
Shehzad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Global Health ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Disaster Capitalism ◽  
Global Health Care ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

One of the major themes of the book is to recognize the seriousness of the situation and its possible outcomes. Žižek informs us that the only possible way to face the challenge is to realize that world leaders should unite and develop a global health care system presided over by the World Health organization. As it is obvious that almost every crisis creates opportunities of some kind Žižek seems to argue that in the current disaster there is potential for communism (though not the one of 20th century type but the one) based on human cooperation. As he says: “it should be a disaster communism as an antidote to the disaster capitalism.”

scholarly journals Considerations on methodology used in the World Health Organization 2000 Report

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 705-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Domingues Ugá ◽  
Célia Maria de Almeida ◽  
Célia Landmann Szwarcwald ◽  
Cláudia Travassos ◽  
Francisco Viacava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Social Disparities ◽  
Scientific Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Methodological Procedures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The article analyzes the World Health Organization Report for 2000, with emphasis placed on the methodology used to analyze the indicators utilized to compare and classify the performance of the health systems of the 191 member countries. The Report's contribution was the compromise of monitoring the performance of the health systems of member countries, but because of the inconsistent way it was elaborated, and the utilization of questionable scientific evaluation methodologies, the Report fails to give a clear picture. A criterion-based methodology revision is imposed. The main problems in evidence are the choice of individual indicators of disparity in health that discount the population profile, the inadequate control of the impact of social disparities over the performance of the systems, the evaluation of the responsibility of systems that are only partially articulated to the right of the citizens, the lack of data for a great number of countries, consequently having inconsistent estimations, and the lack of transparency in the methodological procedures in the calculation of some indicators. The article suggests a wide methodological revision of the Report.

scholarly journals Suicide attempts among the elderly in East Asia

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 707-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guk-Hee Suh ◽  
Lina Gega
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

Among the one million suicide deaths worldwide each year, as many as 60% occur in Asia. The World Health Organization (WHO) found higher suicide rates among the elderly in rapidly industrialized Asian countries such as China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and Singapore, compared to the corresponding rates of recently industrializing Asian countries like Vietnam and Sri Lanka (WHO, 2014). As a case in point, suicide rates in South Korea have been the highest in the world since 2003 and are rising especially among older people (Hong and Knapp, 2014). Suicide attempts and older age are strong predictors of completed suicide (Szanto et al., 2002; Simon et al., 2013) and, as such, are important in guiding our efforts for suicide prevention; however, most epidemiological studies focus on completed suicides across all ages rather than understanding the reasons behind suicide attempts in older populations.

scholarly journals Hubungan Merokok dan Kadar Leukosit pada Perokok Kronik

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle E. Sirih ◽  
Joice N. Engka ◽  
Sylvia M Marunduh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
World Health ◽  
Differential Count ◽  
Normal White Blood Cell ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
One Way Anova

Abstract: Smoking is one of the leading causes of health problems in the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) shows that Indonesia is in third place with the largest number of smokers that reached 146.860.000 inhabitants. In North Sulawesi, almost one-third of the population aged ≥10 years are chronic active smokers with the average number of cigarettes smoked 10 cigarettes per day. WHO classifies smokers into mild, moderate, and severe smokers. Some studies found that cigarette smoking could affect the values of various blood parameters. This study was aimed to determine whether there was a relationship between chronic smoking and leukocyte levels in adult smokers. This was an analytical descriptive study with a cross-sectional design conducted on 30 students of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Sam Ratulangi University Manado. Data were statistically analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test on leukocyte, basophil, eosinophil, stem neutrophil, and monocyte meanwhile the One Way Anova on neutrophil segments, and lymphocytes. The Kruskal-Wallis test and the One Way Anova obtained all P values >0.05. Respondents had average leukocyte counts and normal white blood cell differential counts. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between smoking andd leukocyte levels in chronic smokers.Keywords: chronic smokers, leukocyte level, white blood cell differential count Abstrak: Merokok merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah kesehatan terbanyak di dunia. World Health Organization (WHO) menyebutkan Indonesia berada pada urutan ketiga dengan jumlah perokok terbanyak yang mencapai 146.860.000 jiwa. Untuk daerah Sulawesi Utara, hampir sepertiga penduduk berusia ≥10 tahun merupakan perokok aktif kronik dengan rerata jumlah rokok yang dihisap 10 batang per hari. WHO menglasifikasikan perokok menjadi perokok ringan, sedang, dan berat. Beberapa penelitian melaporkan bahwa rokok dapat memengaruhi nilai dari berbagai parameter darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat hubungan antara merokok dan kadar leukosit pada perokok kronik. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif analitik dengan desain potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 30 mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado. Uji statistik Kruskal- Wallis dilakukan pada kadar leukosit, basofil, eosinofil, neutrofil batang, monosit sedangkan One Way Anova pada neutrofil segmen, dan limfosit. Baik pada uji Kruskal-Wallis maupun One Way Anova didapatkan semua nilai P >0,05. Responden memiliki rerata kadar leukosit dan hitung jenis leukosit yang normal. Simpulan: Tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara merokok dan kadar leukosit pada perokok kronikKata kunci: merokok kronik, kadar leukosit, hitung jenis leukosit

scholarly journals Living the death of others: the disruption of death in the COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (59) ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Marcos Freire de Andrade Neves
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Health Organization

Abstract On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization classified the COVID-19 emergency as a pandemic, a decision that was taken following the perception that the virus was both lethal and rapidly spreading. The role played by mortality and contagion in this pandemic narrative, thus, cannot be ignored. On the one hand, contagion acts as a transgressive category that is a main source of socio-political disruptions and a catalyst for new forms of sociality. On the other hand, the effectiveness and persuasiveness of mortality as a quantifiable reality overshadows death as lived experience, obfuscating a profound reorganisation of the ways death is managed and produced through the work of a whole professional segment. Hence, this article explores how the response to the COVID-19 pandemic is reshaping death as lived experience by transgressing categories of existence and reorganising the conditions under which death is managed and produced.

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