scholarly journals Knowledge and use of the ICF in clinical practice by physiotherapists and occupational therapists of Minas Gerais

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Pereira Pernambuco ◽  
Raquel de Carvalho Lana ◽  
Janaíne Cunha Polese
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Graduate Certificate

ABSTRACT This study aims to evaluate the profile and knowledge of physiotherapists and occupational therapists from Minas Gerais about the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) application in professional practice, trying to understand the reason for the underutilization of this universal instrument in Brazil. Observational and cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire prepared by specialists. An email was sent to all physiotherapists and occupational therapists enrolled in the Regional Council of the 4th Region. Of 22,121 emails, 1,313 were answered. 53% of the sample had graduate certificate, 65% had between two to ten years of experience, and 62% reported that clinics and patients’ houses are the places where they work. 72% of the professionals knew the ICF and 84% correctly answered the meaning of the acronym. However, 71% of professionals are unaware of the fields that make up this classification. The first contact with the ICF happened during graduation to 50% of professionals, and 28% had never had contact with ICF. 74% reported not using it in clinical practice. However, 82% of the participants believed that the use of ICF is viable in clinical practice. Most professionals had graduate certificate, worked in clinics and patients’ homes and, although most of them claim to know the ICF, the largest portion of the sample reported they did not use this classification in their professional lives, even though believing the ICF use is feasible. The lack of knowledge about the ICF prevents professionals from complying with the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Brazilian National Health Council (CNS) and COFFITO (Brazilian Federal Council of Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy) on the adoption of this instrument in exchange of information about health and clinical practice.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Survey of Personal Hygiene Positive Behavior Related to COVID-19 Prevention and Control among Indonesian Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Fatma Lestari ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Muhammad Idham ◽  
Fahrul Azwar ◽  
Ganis Ramadhany ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Behavior ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Council ◽  
And Control

People’s behaviors can affect the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Public behaviors, including proper personal hygiene and healthy life practices, the use of appropriate masks, and the application of good disinfectants, have an important role in human health and protection towards prevention and control of COVID-19 spread. This study aims to perform a survey of public behavior and best practices related to COVID-19 prevention and control among Indonesian communities. A cross-sectional study was designed to collect information using an online survey. Respondents were gathered from 34 provinces in Indonesia through the Indonesia National Safety and Health Council network and Universities network. Respondents voluntarily submitted their response to a predesigned online questionnaire. The collected data was then analyzed using SPSS 24.0. A total of 771 respondent subjects (male 386; female 385) were recruited. The results show that 96% of participants implement positive behavior of personal hygiene, including wearing a mask when going outside their house, and almost 67.3% of respondents sprayed a disinfectant in their house. The majority of participants hold a door handle (37.2%) and desk (28.1%) at a frequency of more than six times a day. There were 8.2% of participants implementing good personal hygiene, including hand-washing at least once a day and maximum of more than six times after going to the toilet. At-risk behaviors were conducted by respondents in which they touched part of their face at a frequency of once during an hour. It was identified that males are less likely to perform better hand hygiene as opposed to females. In conclusion, the study showed that positive behavior of personal hygiene related to COVID-19 has been implemented among Indonesian communities. This result suggests that positive behavior based on community-based prevention and control needs to be continually maintained in order to prevent and control COVID-19 spread.

scholarly journals Obesity Management in Primary Health Care: Front-Line Providers’ Experiences and Views

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Al-Saadi ◽  
Haya Malallah ◽  
Jameela Al-Saadi ◽  
Narjis ALsheala ◽  
Abdullah Al- Balushi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Obesity Management ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Survey Participant

As in the rest of the world, obesity in Oman has increased and according to World Health Organization (WHO) data, prevalence of obesity in 2008 and 2016 were 20.9% and 27% respectively. This study explores primary care physicians’ current strategies and management of obesity, attitude and perceptions towards obesity, educational needs, and their views on long-term follow up. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted where practicing family medicine physicians from different governorates were invited to participate in an online questionnaire-based survey. Participant were invited via email and responses were kept anonymous. Responses were collected over three weeks in April 2019 and only responses that met inclusion criteria were analyzed with SPSS v22. Results: 77 complete responses met inclusion criteria and female were the majority (67.5%). Half of participants had less than 10 years of experience. Weight and BMI were recorded routinely by two-thirds of participants whereas waist- hip ratio was recorded by only 12%. Weight reduction medications were prescribed by 5.2% and 24% would refer an obese patient to Bariatric center. Main barrier to obesity management and referral was inadequate obesity specialist centers followed by short consultation times. The pathophysiology mechanism of obesity and related hormones was only known by 40.8%. Almost all participants agreed that formal obesity management training should be integrated as part of residency training. Conclusion: Despite the significant number of comorbidities related to obesity and its complications, weight, BMI and other anthropometric measures were not routinely performed. Nationally, the rate of referral to bariatric centers for evaluation is low. Boundaries and challenges do exist and need to be addressed. Obesity and weight management need to be integrated as part of Family Physicians Training Program.

scholarly journals Proficiency, Attitudes, and Practices in Breastfeeding of Participants in a Pediatric Congress

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cynthia Francisca Xavier Costa de Assis Silva ◽  
Maria do Carmo Barros de Melo ◽  
Roberto Gomes Chaves ◽  
Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Organization

Objective: To investigate the proficiency, practices, and attitudes about breastfeeding of participants in a Pediatrics Congress. Methods: Cross-sectional study in which an online questionnaire was applied, using a specific QRcode, for each study participant, in June 2018. The questions were formulated according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Among the 39 questions, 13 identified the profile of the participants, 19 questions assessed the proficiency in breastfeeding and 7 questions the practices and attitudes. Results: Responses to 296 questionnaires were evaluated, 62.5% of which were health professionals and 37.5% were undergraduate health students. In assessing proficiency, the global average did not reach the expected minimum of 70%. But the highest proficiency averages were found among health professionals (p: 0.0136), among professionals with more recent degrees (p <0.0001), and those who performed most of their activity in the public sector (p: 0.018). 77% of health professionals and 73% of students assessed attitudes and practices about breastfeeding as appropriate. Conclusion: The low proficiency in the population studied points to the need for periodic training of professionals in breastfeeding and greater emphasis on undergraduate curricula in the health area on the subject.

Skilled attendance at delivery: profile of nursing staff in maternity units from Alfenas city, Minas Gerais, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1894
Author(s):  
Eliana Peres Rocha ◽  
Maria José Clapis ◽  
Christianne Alves Pereira Calheiros
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Study Data ◽  
World Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Nursing Professionals

ABSTRACTObjective: to identify the profile of nursing professionals providing care to pregnant women in maternity Alfenas-MG. Method: this is about a descriptive cross sectional study from quantitative approach. All nursing professionals (24) who worked in the care of patients participated in this study. Data collection was performed during the period from June to September 2008 using a structured interview. This study was conducted according to ethical principles of research and approved by the Ethics in Research of Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, under protocol number3087.001016/2008-98. Results: there was a lack of midwife in the team, keeping workload of 49.17 hours/week, 91.6% being female. As the professional category, the prevailing mid-level professionals with informal training and monitoring at work those with greater experience in the area. Conclusion it is understood that these professionals are not qualified for the obstetric care according to criteria of World Health Organization (WHO), highlighting the need for qualification of this team that assists women in maternity Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptors: nursing; obstetric nursing; delivery; professional competence; qualified attention. RESUMOObjetivo: identificar o perfil dos profissionais de enfermagem que atendem as parturientes em maternidades de Alfenas-MG. Método: estudo descritivo de corte transversal com abordagem metodológica quantitativa. Participaram deste estudo todos os profissionais de enfermagem (24) que atuam na assistência às parturientes. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de junho a setembro de 2008, utilizando-se um roteiro de entrevista. Este estudo foi conduzido segundo os preceitos éticos da pesquisa e aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Alfenas/MG, sob o protocolo nº 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados: verificou-se a ausência de enfermeira obstétrica na equipe, mantendo carga horária de trabalho de 49,17 horas/semana, sendo 91,6 % do sexo feminino . Quanto à categoria profissional, prevalecem os profissionais de nível médio com treinamento informal e acompanhamento durante o trabalho; os quais possuem maior experiência na área. Conclusão entende-se que esses profissionais não estão qualificados para o atendimento obstétrico segundo os critérios da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), evidenciando-se a necessidade de qualificação dessa equipe que atende as mulheres nas maternidades de Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descritores: enfermagem; enfermagem obstétrica; parto; competência profissional; equipe de enfermagem.RESUMENObjetivo: identificar el perfil de los profesionales de enfermería que atienden a mujeres embarazadas en la maternidad Alfenas-MG. Método: estudio descriptivo transversal de enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron en este estudio, todos los profesionales de enfermería (24) que trabajan en el cuidado de los pacientes. Los datos fueron recolectados durante el período de junio a septiembre de 2008 utilizando una entrevista estructurada. Este estudio se realizó de acuerdo con los principios éticos de la investigación y aprobado por la Ética en la Investigación de la Universidad Federal de Alfenas - MG, en el marco del Protocolo 23087.001016/2008-98. Resultados Hubo una falta de matrona en el equipo, manteniendo la carga de trabajo de 49,17 horas a la semana, el 91,6% de ser mujer. A medida que la categoría profesional, la vigente de nivel medio profesionales con la formación informal y la supervisión en el trabajo, quienes tienen mayor experiencia en el área. Conclusión: se entiende que estos profesionales no están calificados para la atención obstétrica de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), destacando la necesidad de calificación de este equipo que ayuda a las mujeres en la maternidad Alfenas, Minas Gerais. Descriptores: enfermería; enfermería obstétrica; entrega; competencia profesional. 

Novice therapists in a developing context: Extending the reach of hand rehabilitation

Hand Therapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Kirsty van Stormbroek ◽  
Helen Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Response Rate ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
First Year ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Rehabilitation ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rehabilitation Needs ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Hand rehabilitation needs in some parts of the world extend beyond the impact of specialised hand therapists. This study aimed to establish what hand rehabilitation services novice occupational therapists in South Africa were providing; the supports and barriers for such services; and, therapists’ perceptions of being equipped for hand rehabilitation. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted, and an online questionnaire was sent to all occupational therapists in their first year of practice (n = 240). Data were analysed with Stata 12 and IBM SPSS Statistics, version 21.0. Responses to open ended questions were post-coded. Results A 43.3% response rate was obtained. Participants (n = 104) treated an average of 20 clients requiring hand rehabilitation per month often without adequate equipment (73%). Central nervous system (91.3%), bone and joint (72.8%) and arthritic conditions (72.4%) were treated most frequently. Most participants felt confident (64%) and competent (79%) in hand rehabilitation. Conclusion Participants were undertaking hand rehabilitation that in other contexts is considered to require specialised skills. To ensure quality rehabilitation, supervision and mentoring of novice therapists and appropriate professional development opportunities are required.

scholarly journals Does Therapy Always Need Touch? - A cross-sectional study among Switzerland-based occupational therapists and midwives regarding their experience with health care at a distance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spring 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Klamroth ◽  
Michael Gemperle ◽  
Thomas Ballmer ◽  
Susanne Grylka-Baeschlin ◽  
Jessica Pehlke-Milde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic impedes therapy and care activities. Health care at a distance (HCD) is a promising way to fill the supply gap. However, facilitators and barriers influence the use and experience of HCD in occupational therapists (OTs) and midwives.We identified use of services and appraisal of experiences of Switzerland-based OTs and midwives regarding the provision of HCD during the lockdown as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. 1. Hypothesis: Profession, age in years, and area of work have a significant and meaningful influence over whether HCD is provided. 2. Hypothesis: Profession, age in years, area of work, possibility of reimbursement by health insurance, and application used have a significant and meaningful influence on the experience of HCD.Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 5755 OTs and midwives were contacted to fill out an online questionnaire with 13 questions regarding demographic information, use of HCD and experiences while providing the service. Eleven potential facilitators and barriers and areas where there was desire for support were identified.Results: The questionnaire was completed by 1269 health professionals (response rate 22.5%). 73.4% of responding OTs (n=431) and midwives (n=501) provided HCD during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Profession and area of work had a significant influence on whether HCD was provided. Age had only a significant influence on the use of videotelephony, SMS and chat services.OTs experienced HCD significantly more positively than midwives (log odds=1.3; p≤.01). Video-telephony (log odds=1.1; p≤.01) and use of phone (log odds=1.1; p=.01) were positive predictors for positive experience, while use of SMS (log odds=-0.33; p=.02) was a negative predictor. Among OTs, 75.7% experienced HCD as positive or mostly positive, while 13.9% experienced it as negative or mostly negative. Among midwives, 53.7% experienced it as positive or mostly positive, while 36.1% experienced it as negative or mostly negative. Most respondents desired support concerning reimbursement by health insurance (70.8%), followed by law and data protection (60.4%).Conclusions: HCD during the early COVID-19 pandemic was generally perceived as positive by OTs and midwives. There is need for training opportunities in connection with HCD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents’ behavior toward scheduled pediatric vaccinations in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (08) ◽  
pp. 1054-1058
Author(s):  
Abdullah Saleh Al-Nafeesah ◽  
Abdullah Saleh Aldamigh ◽  
Basel Abdulrahman Almansoor ◽  
Osama Al-Wutayd ◽  
Ashwaq Ahmed AlE'ed
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by a newly discovered coronavirus and has resulted in a global pandemic. The World Health Organization recommended avoiding any delay or disruption of immunization services, as this could result in increases in outbreak-prone vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on parents’ behaviour towards their children’s scheduled vaccinations. Methodology: This web-based cross-sectional study recruited 1,143 parents/guardians of children below six years of age living in Saudi Arabia between May 1 and May 30, 2020 via social media platforms. A self-developed online questionnaire consisting of eight items was used. Simple and multiple binary logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with vaccine delay during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The parents/guardians were aged 20–60 years; 82% were aged between 20 and 39 years. It was found that 26% of parents did not vaccinate their children on time according to the national immunization schedule in regular situations, and 38% of parents reported delaying vaccination due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The multiple logistic regression analysis found that having two or more children, living in Riyadh or the Western region or not vaccinating children during regular situations were associated with an increased risk of vaccine delay during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusions: Delaying children’s vaccinations during the COVID-19 pandemic was influenced most by living in regions with high COVID-19 prevalence and having two or more children.

scholarly journals Does therapy always need touch? A cross-sectional study among Switzerland-based occupational therapists and midwives regarding their experience with health care at a distance during the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verena Klamroth-Marganska ◽  
Michael Gemperle ◽  
Thomas Ballmer ◽  
Susanne Grylka-Baeschlin ◽  
Jessica Pehlke-Milde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Log Odds ◽  
Facilitators And Barriers

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic impedes therapy and care activities. Tele-health, i.e., the provision of health care at a distance (HCD), is a promising way to fill the supply gap. However, facilitators and barriers influence the use and experience of HCD for occupational therapists (OTs) and midwives. We identified use of services and appraisal of experiences of Switzerland-based OTs and midwives regarding the provision of HCD during the lockdown as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. 1. Hypothesis: Profession, age in years, and area of work have a significant and meaningful influence over whether HCD is provided. 2. Hypothesis: Profession, age in years, area of work, possibility of reimbursement by health insurance, and application used have a significant and meaningful influence on the experience of HCD. Methods In a cross-sectional survey, 5755 OTs and midwives were contacted to fill out an online questionnaire with 13 questions regarding demographic information, use of HCD, and experiences while providing the service. Eleven potential facilitators and barriers and areas where there was desire for support were identified. Results The questionnaire was completed by 1269 health professionals (response rate 22.5%). 73.4% of responding OTs (n = 431) and midwives (n = 501) provided HCD during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. Profession and area of work had a significant influence on whether HCD was provided. Age only had a significant influence on the use of videotelephony, SMS, and chat services. OTs experienced HCD significantly more positively than midwives (log odds = 1.3; p ≤ .01). Video-telephony (log odds = 1.1; p ≤ .01) and use of phone (log odds = 0.8; p = .01) were positive predictors for positive experience, while use of SMS (log odds = − 0.33; p = .02) was a negative predictor. Among OTs, 67.5% experienced HCD as positive or mostly positive, while 27.0% experienced it as negative or mostly negative. Among midwives, 39.5% experienced it as positive or mostly positive, while 57.5% experienced it as negative or mostly negative. Most respondents desired support concerning reimbursement by health insurance (70.8%), followed by law and data protection (60.4%). Conclusions HCD during the early COVID-19 pandemic was generally perceived as positive by OTs and midwives. There is need for training opportunities in connection with HCD during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Internet-based survey applied to experts in schizophrenia: Socio-demographic and professional variables associated to response pattern

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S570-S570
Author(s):  
G. Guilera ◽  
M. Barrios ◽  
O. Pino ◽  
D. Salas ◽  
J. Gómez-Benito
Keyword(s):  
Response Pattern ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
World Health ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Health Organization

IntroductionIn the framework of the development of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for schizophrenia, we conducted a cross-sectional, internet-based survey using open-ended questions. An international pool of experts from diverse health care disciplines was surveyed to identify problems in functioning experienced by individuals with schizophrenia.ObjectivesThe purpose of the study is to explore possible associations between experts’ socio-demographic and professional profiles, and whether they answered or not the survey.MethodsOut of 307 invited experts, 189 (61.56%) filled in the survey. However, 37 experts were excluded in the data analysis as they had completed only a part of the questionnaire. Thus, there were 152 of the experts classified as “respondents” and the remaining 155 as “non-respondents”. The association between the response pattern and the socio-demographic and professional variables (i.e., gender, World Health Organization region, discipline, and years of experience) was analysed by means of Chi2 tests.ResultsThere was a statistically significant association between the response pattern and the gender of the expert (χ2(1) = 4.927, P = 0.026; V = 0.127), showing that 56.3% of female and 43.6% of male experts answered the survey. When comparing the response pattern in terms of discipline, a statistically significant association was also found (χ2(4) = 10.101, P = 0.039; V = 0.183), showing that those who tend to answer the survey are occupational therapists (71.4%), followed by psychologists (58.0%), social workers (52.6%), nurses (52.0%), and psychiatrists (41.3%).ConclusionsFemales and occupational therapists presented the higher response rate to the expert survey.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Assessment of in-hand manipulation by occupational therapists in paediatric practices in South Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelize Kruger ◽  
Monique Strauss ◽  
M Marieta ◽  
Mariette Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Informal Assessment ◽  
Survey System

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Assessment of in-hand manipulation is fundamental to guide treatment for children with fine motor delays. Limited literature is available on how South African occupational therapists assess in-hand manipulation. This study aimed to describe which current in-hand manipulation assessment methods are used and what the preferences of occupational therapists in all areas of paediatric practices are regarding a suitable instrument METHODS: Quantitative cross-sectional study design with a non-probability purposive sampling method was used. Participants completed an EvaSys survey system online questionnaire RESULTS: Two-hundred-and-ninety-two (n=292) occupational therapists registered with the HPCSA participated. Limited familiarity (n=50; 17.1 %) with the formal assessment instruments described in literature was reported. The informal assessment methods most commonly used were subjective observation of tasks (n=287; 98.3%) of scholastic tasks (n=261; 89.4%) and play tasks (n=255; 87.3%) for children between the ages of five to six years (n=273; 93.5%). Preferences supported a descriptive instrument accompanied by a user manual that is administered under 15 minutes, in multiple languages, and with attention to the quality of movements and compensatory techniques used by the child CONCLUSION: Results showed that the current and preferred assessment methods used by occupational therapists might provide guidance for the future development of a contextual, relevant in-hand manipulation instrument for paediatric practices in South Africa Keywords: in-hand manipulation; assessment methods; paediatric practice

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