Allometric equations for total, above- and below-ground biomass and carbon of the Amazonian forest type known as campinarana

ABSTRACT The Amazon forest comprises many different forest types, amongst them are campinas and campinaranas, which occur on Amazonian sandy soils, representing 2.65% of Amazonian territory. An understanding of the ecology and quantification of the environmental goods and services of campinaranas is key to their conservation. Based on a direct method to estimate biomass and carbon content of campinarana, we harvested and weighted 89 trees and other forest components in ten randomly allocated plots of 100 m2 (10 x 10 m) and 11 additional trees outside the plots. The data allowed us to describe how biomass is distributed amongst campinarana vegetation and amongst tree compartments. We developed allometric equations to estimate the total, above- and below-ground biomass and carbon stock of this forest type. We used a Weibull function to test if the diameter distribution of the individual trees sampled was consistent with the diameter distribution of the forest type. We also tested if terra-firme forest biomass equations could be used to estimate campinarana biomass, and whether a correction factor based on dominant height would reduce the error from these estimates. Allometric equations are considered to be the most reliable and rapid method for calculating forest biomass, and are used in forest management and climate change studies. These are the first total biomass equations developed for central Amazonian campinaranas. The best fitted allometric equation for total fresh biomass was: ln (Total Biomass) = -1.373 + 2.546 * ln DBH (R ² = 0.98, Sxy% = 4.19%).

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Biomass equations for calabrian pine in the mediterranean region of Turkey

Šumarski list ◽

10.31298/sl.140.11-12.4 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 140 (11-12) ◽

pp. 567-576 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Turan Sönmez ◽

Mehmet Yavuz ◽

Abdurrahman Şahin ◽

Aydin Karhiman

Keyword(s):

Mediterranean Region ◽

Tree Height ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Calabrian Pine ◽

Biomass Equations ◽

The Mediterranean

The aim of this study was to develop allometric equations for the estimation of above-ground biomass components of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) tree in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Using regression analysis, different allometric equations were fitted for the tree components of the above-ground biomass using diameter at breast height (dbh) and tree height as estimators. Two hundred and ninety-two trees between 0.4 and 63.0 cm in dbh were randomly sampled throughout 292 natural, pure Calabrian pine stands in Turkey’s Mediterranean Region, where it forms diverse stand structures. Finally, the allometric equations were developed for the tree components of the Calabrian pine tree for the stem, bark, branch, needle and total above-ground biomass. The stem, bark and total biomass equations explained more than 90% of the observed variability, while the branch and needle biomass equations explained 82% and 65%, respectively.

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Effect of thinning intensity on understory herbaceous diversity and biomass in mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Changbai Mountain

Forest Ecosystems ◽

10.1186/s40663-021-00331-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Gerong Wang ◽

Yue Sun ◽

Mo Zhou ◽

Naiqian Guan ◽

Yuwen Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seasonal Changes ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Growing Season ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Herb Layer ◽

Simpson Index ◽

Thinning Intensity ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Understory Herb

Abstract Background Herbs are an important part of the forest ecosystem, and their diversity and biomass can reflect the restoration of vegetation after forest thinning disturbances. Based on the near-mature secondary coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jilin Province Forestry Experimental Zone, this study analyzed seasonal changes of species diversity and biomass of the understory herb layer after different intensities of thinning. Results The results showed that although the composition of herbaceous species and the ranking of importance values were affected by thinning intensity, they were mainly determined by seasonal changes. Across the entire growing season, the species with the highest importance values in thinning treatments included Carex pilosa, Aegopodium alpestre, Meehania urticifolia, and Filipendula palmata, which dominated the herb layer of the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. The number of species, Margalef index, Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson index all had their highest values in May, and gradually decreased with months. Pielou index was roughly inverted “N” throughout the growing season. Thinning did not increase the species diversity. Thinning can promote the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The number of plants per unit area and coverage were related to the total biomass, above- and below-ground biomass. The average height had a significantly positive correlation with herb biomass in May but not in July. However, it exerted a significantly negative correlation with herb biomass in September. The biomass in the same month increased with increasing thinning intensity. Total herb biomass, above- and below-ground biomass showed positive correlations with Shannon-Winner index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index in May. Conclusions Thinning mainly changed the light environment in the forest, which would improve the plant diversity and biomass of herb layer in a short time. And different thinning intensity had different effects on the diversity of understory herb layer. The findings provide theoretical basis and reference for reasonable thinning and tending in coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests.

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Carbon Sequestration in Broad Leaved Forests of Mid-Hills of Nepal: A Case Study from Palpa District

The Initiation ◽

10.3126/init.v3i0.2424 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 20-29

Author(s):

Bishnu P Shrestha

Keyword(s):

Carbon Sequestration ◽

Soil Carbon ◽

Forest Biomass ◽

Total Carbon ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Biomass Carbon ◽

Deep Soil ◽

Below Ground ◽

Shallow Soils

This study was carried out to quantify total carbon sequestration in two broad leaved forests (Shorea and Schima-Castanopsis forests) of Palpa district. The inventory for estimating above and below ground biomass of forest was carried out using stratified random sampling. Biomass was calculated using allometric models. Soil samples were taken from soil profile upto 1 m depth for deep soil and up to bed rock for shallow soils at the interval of 20 cm. Walkey and Black method were applied for measuring soil organic carbon. Total biomass carbon in Shorea and Schima-Castanopsis forest was found 101.66 and 44.43 t ha-1 respectively. Soil carbon sequestration in Schima-Castanopsis and Shorea forest was found 130.76 and 126.07 t ha-1 respectively. Total carbon sequestration in Shorea forest was found 1.29 times higher than Schima-Castanopsis forest. The study found that forest types play an important role on total carbon sequestration. Key Words: Carbon sequestration, Shorea forest, Schima-Castanopsis forest, Biomass carbon, Soil carbon DOI: 10.3126/init.v3i0.2424 The Initiation Vol.3 2009 p.20-29

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Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya

International Journal of Bonorowo Wetlands ◽

10.13057/bonorowo/w100102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

JAMES G. KAIRO ◽

MICHAEL NJOROGE GITHAIGA ◽

KIPLAGAT KOTUT ◽

FRANCIS KARIUKI

Keyword(s):

Forest Structure ◽

Mangrove Forest ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Above Ground Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Below Ground ◽

Gazi Bay

Abstract. Githaiga MN, Kotut K, Kariuki F, Kairo JG. 2019. Structure and biomass accumulation of natural mangrove forest at Gazi Bay, Kenya. Bonorowo Wetlands 9: 18-32. The goal of this study was to determine the forest structure and estimate biomass accumulation above and below ground in the mangrove forest of Gazi Bay. The western, middle, and eastern forest blocks of the Gazi Bay mangrove forest were investigated for forest structure, whereas the western forest block was determined for biomass accumulation. To calculate below-ground biomass accumulation, in-growth cores of 80 cm long, 20 cm broad, and 60 cm deep were employed. Above-ground biomass accumulation was calculated using data on tree height and stem diameter at breast height (DBH-130). Leaf phenology was observed by tagging shoots. At the start, environmental variables were measured every four months for a year across four mangrove species zones. The linear regeneration sampling approach was used to determine the composition and distribution pattern of natural regeneration (LRS). Salinity revealed a strong negative connection with above-ground biomass accumulation among the soil environment characteristics studied. Sonneratia alba had the highest biomass accretion rate of 10.5 1.9 t ha-1 yr-1 among the four forest zones. Rhizophora mucronata (8.5 0.8 t ha-1 yr-1), Avicennia marina (5.2 1.8 t ha-1 yr-1), and Ceriops tagal (2.6 1.5 t ha-1 yr-1) were the next most abundant species. Above-ground and below-ground biomass accumulation differed significantly among zones (F (3, 8) = 5.42, p = 0.025) and (F (3, 8) = 16.03, p = 0 001), respectively. There was a significant difference in total biomass accumulation across zones (F (3, 8) =15.56, p = 0.001). For the entire forest, a root : shoot biomass accumulation ratio of 2 : 5 was calculated. This study's findings provide more accurate estimates of mangrove carbon capture and storage, which can be used in carbon credit discussions in the emerging carbon market.

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Biomass Production and Nutrient Accumulation by Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. Clones in a Humid Tropical Area in South India

Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources ◽

10.33002/nr2581.6853.040309 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 94-110

Author(s):

Kannattuvadakkethil Krishnankutty Ambily ◽

Arumugham Ulaganathan

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Hevea Brasiliensis ◽

Allometric Equation ◽

Raw Material ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Nutrient Accumulation ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Standing Trees ◽

Below Ground

Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. is an important commodity crop grown in world over for industrial raw material rubber latex for various products, mainly tyre manufacturing. Hevea propagation is through clones evolved by breeding as cultivars with desired characters. This article presented the biomass and nutrient accumulation of four important Hevea clones viz. RRII 105, RRII 118, RRII 203 and GT1 at 30 years age. Biomass and nutrient concentration of tree components viz. trunk, branches, leaf and root were assessed by uprooting the trees in the field and standing trees using allometric equation. Among the different clones, RRII 118 and GT1 recorded higher biomass compared to RRII 105 and RRII 203. Above-ground biomass (88-93 per cent) varied more than below-ground biomass (7-11 per cent). The high yielding clones had higher leaf and root biomass. Drought tolerant and timber clones viz. RRII 118 and RRII 203 recorded higher K and high yielding clone RRII 105 had higher Ca accumulation. Biomass removal of these clones may lead to deficiency of K and Ca in soil and hence needs the external supplements. The relation of high Ca content and leaf disease of fungal origin is promising for further studies. The higher accumulation of iron and manganese indicated the tolerance of Hevea to these elements and possibility of phytoremediation. The per cent contribution of nutrients to total biomass varied less between clones and was below 3 percent at the age of 30 years and this is evidence of adjustments in proportions of nutrients in Hevea irrespective of clonal variations.

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Restore and sequester: estimating biomass in native Australian woodland ecosystems for their carbon-funded restoration

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt11018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (7) ◽

pp. 640 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. H. Jonson ◽

D. Freudenberger

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Basal Area ◽

Tree Height ◽

Ground Level ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Tree Biomass ◽

Below Ground ◽

Total Tree

In the south-western region of Australia, allometric relationships between tree dimensional measurements and total tree biomass were developed for estimating carbon sequestered in native eucalypt woodlands. A total of 71 trees representing eight local native species from three genera were destructively sampled. Within this sample set, below ground measurements were included for 51 trees, enabling the development of allometric equations for total biomass applicable to small, medium, and large native trees. A diversity of tree dimensions were recorded and regressed against biomass, including stem diameter at 130 cm (DBH), stem diameter at ground level, stem diameter at 10 cm, stem diameter at 30 cm, total tree height, height of canopy break and mean canopy diameter. DBH was consistently highly correlated with above ground, below ground and total biomass. However, measurements of stem diameters at 0, 10 and 30 cm, and mean canopy diameter often displayed equivalent and at times greater correlation with tree biomass. Multi-species allometric equations were also developed, including ‘Mallee growth form’ and ‘all-eucalypt’ regressions. These equations were then applied to field inventory data collected from three locally dominant woodland types and eucalypt dominated environmental plantings to create robust relationships between biomass and stand basal area. This study contributes the predictive equations required to accurately quantify the carbon sequestered in native woodland ecosystems in the low rainfall region of south-western Australia.

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Biomass Carbon Storage of Three Forests at Different Altitudes in Baotianman Mountain, Central China

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.2463 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 864-867 ◽

pp. 2463-2468 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Guang Qi ◽

Shun Lei Peng ◽

Chang Dong Chen ◽

Gan Qing Zhao ◽

Ya Hong Liang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Forest Type ◽

Forest Biomass ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Influence Factors ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Belowground Biomass ◽

Central China ◽

Total Biomass ◽

C Storage ◽

Different Altitudes

Basing on field data ofQuercus glandulifera var. brevipetiolataandQuercus variabilismixed forest (MF),Quercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF1) andQuercus aliena var. acutiserrataforest (QF2) at different altitudes of Baotianman Mountain, we revealed biomass C storage of tree organs for each forest, and the distribution patterns of biomass C in different forests were also indicated. We found that total biomass C of forests decrease as altitude increase. The species mixed forest store more biomass C than others. However, biomass C storages at the scale 5m×5m vary dramatically for most of the plots. Biomass C storage in organs follows the law trunk>branch>root>leaf for all the three types of forests. It is interesting that biomass C of both above̶ and belowground are MF>QF1>QF2, whereas the ratios of aboveground/belowground biomass C are QF2 > QF1 > MF. Our results indicate that both altitude and forest type are key influence factors of forest biomass C in Baotianman Mountains.

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Development of allometric relationships for accurate estimation of above- and below-ground biomass in tropical secondary forests in Sarawak, Malaysia

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467409006129 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 371-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Tanaka Kenzo ◽

Tomoaki Ichie ◽

Daisuke Hattori ◽

Takao Itioka ◽

Chihiro Handa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Forest ◽

Tree Height ◽

Plant Part ◽

Allometric Equations ◽

Accurate Estimation ◽

Biomass Estimation ◽

Secondary Forests ◽

Allometric Relationships ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Below Ground

Abstract:We developed allometric relationships between tree size parameters (stem diameter at breast height (dbh), at ground surface (D0) and tree height) and leaf, stem, small-root (diameter <5 mm) and total root biomass in various tropical secondary-forest trees in Sarawak, Malaysia. In total, 136 individuals from 23 species were harvested to measure above-ground parts. Root systems of 77 individuals of 16 species were also excavated. The coefficients of correlation for the obtained allometric relationships between tree diameter and plant-part biomass showed high values, ranging from 0.83 to 0.99. In addition, there were few interspecific differences in relationships for all biomass parts, except for leaves. We also found relatively high coefficients of allometric relationships between tree height and plant-part biomass ranging from 0.83 to 0.94. Comparison of above- and below-ground biomass equations for various tropical rainforests implies that our allometric equations differ largely from the equations for tropical primary forests. Thus, choosing both above- and below-ground allometric equations for biomass estimation in tropical secondary forests of South-East Asia requires careful consideration of their suitability.

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Partitioning above and below ground interactions and their effects on juvenile Dacrycarpus dacrydioides (kahikatea) and Podocarpus totara (totara)

10.26686/wgtn.17134727.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Garth Fabbro

Keyword(s):

Plant Community ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Community Dynamics ◽

Root Competition ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Ground Biomass ◽

Mycorrhizal Network ◽

Below Ground ◽

The Absolute ◽

Facilitative Interactions

<p>Competitive and facilitative interactions play an important role in determining plant community structure and development. Historically, competitive interactions have been considered to be more prevalent in nature. However, in the past few decades strong facilitative interactions have been identified as being more important than competition in certain environments. Recent evidence has also suggested that interactions occurring in the above and below ground environments may be unevenly contributing to the net interaction effects between a target plant and nurses species. This study partitions the above and below ground interactions and determines their strength and directions in order to help better understand their relative importance to plant community dynamics. In Chapter 2 I develop species specific allometric models which aim to accurately estimate the total above- and below- ground biomass of individual D. dacrydioides and P. totara juveniles using measurements which are easily and non-destructively obtained in the field. The best model for each species is then used to construct total above and below ground biomass estimates for use in Chapter 3. Eight models using stem height, diameter, and volume either alone or in combination are examined for their predictive power and tested for their goodness of fit. Models using diameter alone are found to be less powerful in predicting total tree biomass, while models containing height either alone or in combination with diameter are more powerful. The absolute best model for predicting D. dacrydioides total biomass was BTOTAL = 0.0099(Height²)⁰˙⁸⁷⁴⁹, whereas the absolute best model for P. totara was BTOTAL = 0.2635((Height*Diameter)²)⁰˙⁵⁶⁹⁵. In Chapter 3 I use the Relative Interaction Index (RII) to determine the strength and direction of the net interactions affecting D. dacrydioides and P. totara juveniles. To partition the above ground interactions, I examined the effects of a conspecific or interspecific neighbour. I found that my two study species D. dacrydioides and P. totara showed different responses to the treatments that they received. D. dacrydioides showed net facilitation and gained biomass when it had access to the mycorrhizal network and a neighbour. Whereas, P. totara showed net neutral interactions and did not gain biomass. P. totara also showed net competition when it did not have access to the mycorrhizal network and was grown next to neighbours. The role of above ground interactions was found to be less important than below ground interactions, overall. In general, these results mean that D. dacrydioides juveniles should be expected to have higher growth, reproductive, and survival rates when grown next to nurse species in comparison to P. totara. Chapter 4 details the significance of this study for the restoration of Wairio wetland, and wetlands in general. Given the result in chapter 3 and the current restoration method at Wairio wetland, this study suggests that it may be worth exploring the benefit of planting new P. totara juveniles farther away from older woody species in order to avoid root competition.</p>

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