scholarly journals Anthropometric, functional and foot trajectory determinants of stride length in self-reliant community-dwelling elderly persons in Talca, Chile

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505
Author(s):  
Paul Medina González
Keyword(s):  
Stride Length ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Foot Clearance ◽  
Foot Trajectory

Abstract Objective: To analyze anthropometric, muscle performance and foot trajectory determinants of stride length (SL) during walking at a comfortable pace among self-reliant community-dwelling elderly persons in Talca, Chile. Method: A total of 63 self-reliant elderly persons participated in this observational and cross-sectional study. They were characterized by the anthropometric measures of mass, height and body mass index. Dorsiflexor muscle strength performance (DF-MS) and rate of force development were quantified. Finally, the elderly persons were asked to walk comfortably around a 40 meter elliptical circuit, using determined SL and maximum foot clearance (MaxFC) and minimum foot clearance (MFC) trajectory parameters. The SL determinants were evaluated by calculating the coefficient of determination (r2) considering a level of significance of p≤0.05. Results: The anthropometric variables demonstrated significant correlations (r>0.41) with the explanation of SL remaining incipient (r2<0.20). Muscle performance, meanwhile, was significantly correlated (r>0.52), with DF-MS standing out (r2=0.342). MaxFC represented a significant explanation for the data (r2=0.396), while the low correlation of MFC was not significant (r=0.24, r2=0.058). Conclusion: MaxFC and DF-MS are determinants of SL in self-reliant elderly Chileans. It is proposed that gait parameters could be normalized in accordance with trajectory and muscular performance.

scholarly journals Linear variability of gait according to socioeconomic status in elderly

2016 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Alejandro Medina González
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
Foot Clearance ◽  
Reference Parameters

Aim: To evaluate the linear variability of comfortable gait according to socioeconomic status in community-dwelling elderly. Method: For this cross-sectional observational study 63 self- functioning elderly were categorized according to the socioeconomic level on medium-low (n= 33, age 69.0 ± 5.0 years) and medium-high (n= 30, age 71.0 ± 6.0 years). Each participant was asked to perform comfortable gait speed for 3 min on an 40 meters elliptical circuit, recording in video five strides which were transformed into frames, determining the minimum foot clearance, maximum foot clearance and stride length. The intra-group linear variability was calculated by the coefficient of variation in percent. Results: The trajectory parameters variability is not different according to socioeconomic status with a 30% (range= 15-55%) for the minimum foot clearance and 6% (range= 3-8%) in maximum foot clearance. Meanwhile, the stride length consistently was more variable in the medium-low socioeconomic status for the overall sample (p= 0.004), female (p= 0.041) and male gender (p= 0.007), with values near 4% (range = 2.5-5.0%) in the medium-low and 2% (range = 1.5-3.5%) in the medium-high. Conclusions: The intra-group linear variability is consistently higher and within reference parameters for stride length during comfortable gait for elderly belonging to medium-low socioeconomic status. This might be indicative of greater complexity and consequent motor adaptability.

The Relationship between Dental Findings and Tongue Pressure: A Survey of 745 Community-Dwelling Adults and Elderly Persons in Japan

Gerontology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kensuke Tashiro ◽  
Sakiko Soutome ◽  
Madoka Funahara ◽  
Yumiko Kawashita ◽  
Masayasu Kitamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Grip Strength ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Tongue Pressure ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Teeth ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Reduced tongue pressure is one of the causes of dysphagia. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between dental findings and tongue pressure, and whether prosthetic treatment prevents reduced tongue pressure. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Participants were 745 community-dwelling adults and elderly persons in the Goto Islands in Nagasaki, who underwent a health checkup for residents in 2015 and 2016. Data were collected on gender; age; grip strength; hemoglobin; Creatinine (Cr); glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c); history of stroke; smoking, drinking, exercise, and walking habits; number of teeth; wearing of removable dentures; functional units of natural teeth (n-FTUs), fixed prostheses (nif-FTUs), and removable dentures (t-FTUs); and tongue pressure. The associations between each variable and tongue pressure were examined using multiple regression analysis. Next, those with 3 or fewer n-FTUs were selected, and differences in tongue pressure were compared between those with 3 or fewer nif-FTUs and those with 4 or more nif-FTUs, using a propensity score matching method. Results: Male gender, weak grip strength, low HbA1c, no drinking, and a low number of teeth were independent factors significantly associated with lower tongue pressure. Among participants with 3 or fewer n-FTUs, the 43 with 4 or more nif-FTUs showed significantly higher tongue pressure than the 43 with 3 or fewer nif-FTUs after propensity score matching, although the number of t-FTUs was not associated with tongue pressure. Discussion/Conclusion: Tooth loss was significantly associated with lower tongue pressure. It was suggested that fixed prosthesis treatment might prevent the reduction of tongue pressure, but removable dentures did not have such an effect.

scholarly journals Association of dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating style and risk of sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaz Soltani ◽  
Rezvan Hashemi ◽  
Ramin Heshmat ◽  
Ahmadreza Dorosty Motlagh ◽  
Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Dash Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dash Diet ◽  
European Working ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract The association between habitual intake of the “dietary approaches to stop hypertension” (DASH) eating plan and sarcopenia has received limited attention. The present study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to DASH dietary pattern and sarcopenia and its components including muscle mass, muscle strength, and muscle performance among community-dwelling older adults population. This population-based cross-sectional study was performed in 2011 among 300 older people (150 men and 150 women) aged ≥ 55 years, who were selected using cluster random sampling method. Dietary intake of study participants were examined by the use of a Block-format 117-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The DASH score was constructed based on eight main foods and nutrients emphasized or minimized in the DASH diet. All components of sarcopenia was measured using standard protocols and sarcopenia was defined based on both former and new European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) guidelines. Mean age and BMI of study participants were 66.7 ± 7.7 years and 27.3 ± 4.2 kg/m2, respectively. Totally, 31 individuals meet the criteria of EWGSOP2-sarcopenia. We found no significant association between adherence to the DASH diet and EWGSOP2-sarcopenia either before (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.45–2.54) or after adjustment for potential confounders (OR 1.04; 95% CI 0.39–2.75). The same findings were obtained in the gender-stratified analyses (men: OR 2.29; 95% CI 0.39–13.29 and women: 0.75; 95% CI 0.23–2.45). In conclusion, we found that adherence to the DASH-style diet was not significantly associated with odds of sarcopenia. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Music ergogenic effect on strength performance: randomized clinical test

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Matheus Henrique de Abreu Araújo ◽  
Jairo Teixeira Júnior ◽  
Patrícia Espíndola Mota Venâncio ◽  
Grassyara Pinho Tolentino ◽  
William Alves Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Strength Performance ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Minimum Interval ◽  
Performance Pattern

Background: Using preferred music during the exercise series was a differentiated way to increase muscle performance and fatigue slowdown, increasing the number of repetitions in these exercises. Despite of some studies present the effects of music, there is still a little music influence in strength training. Objectives: Verify the music effect on the strength performance in young adults, and the relation with the preferences of muscular grouping according to gender. Methods: a cross-sectional, controlled and crossover study was carried out with 20 physically active young adult participants (10 men). After previous laboratory evaluations, they underwent two exercise sessions, one experimental, where the participant performed 3 maximum series of exercises Barbell Curl and Leg Extensor seat listening to songs of their own choosing and another control session without music, adopting the series with greater repetition in each exercise for analysis. A minimum interval of 48 hours was adopted between each session. The protocol order (i.e. with music or without music) was made by the raffle. In the sessions, participants were asked to perform the maximum number of repetitions at 80% of the load determined in the laboratory. Results: The use of their preferred music significantly increased the number of repetitions in the two exercises, however, the preferences for muscular clusters characterized by the genders proved to be a determining variable. Conclusion: With the increasing of repetitions it was possible to observe an ergogenic resource to increase the performance in strength training, thus, a differentiated performance pattern was found between men and women in arm exercises when they use music.

Napping in the Elderly and Its Association with Night Sleep and Psychological Status

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni B. Frisoni ◽  
Diego De Leo ◽  
Renzo Rozzini ◽  
Marco Trabucchi
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of daytime napping and its psychic, night sleep, and functional correlates in Italian community-dwelling elderly persons. A cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling elderly subjects was conducted with a multidimensional quality-of-life questionnaire administered by interviewers at the subjects' own homes. Participants were 223 community-dwelling elderly subjects, aged 75 and over, with a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 18 or more, living in Brescia, Italy. Statistical analysis was performed with logistic regression for estimates of the bivariate and multivariate associations of continuous independent variables with a dichotomous dependent variable (napping). Beta coefficients with 95% and 99% confidence interval (CI), and p values at Wald statistics, were computed. Napping once or more per week was reported by 23.8% of the sample. Napping was found to be independently and positively associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (β = .86, 95% CI 0.25 to 1.47, p = .005) and with the night sleep symptom of not feeling rested in the morning (β = .17, 95% CI 0.00 to 0.35, p = .048). No association was found with instrumental activities of daily living (β = .18, 95% CI -0.04 to 0.04, p = .113). It is concluded that napping in the elderly is partly related to personality characteristics and partly a consequence of night sleep disturbance.

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of primary sarcopenia in community-dwelling outpatient elderly: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Visaratana Therakomen ◽  
Aisawan Petchlorlian ◽  
Narisorn Lakananurak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Activity Group

Abstract No previous study has investigated the prevalence and risk factors for primary sarcopenia in outpatient setting. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with primary sarcopenia in outpatient elderly. Additionally, we compared the severity of sarcopenia based on the 2014 and 2019 Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria. This cross-sectional study was performed in 330 subjects aged over 60 years in an outpatient setting. The muscle strength, muscle performance and muscle mass were assessed using the handheld dynamometer, 6-m gait speed, and bioelectrical impedance analysis, respectively. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 10% as per the 2014 and 2019 AWGS criteria. The development of sarcopenia was positively correlated with the age with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.87 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.63–28.88] in the middle-old group (70–79 years), and 13.71 (95%CI 3.66–51.41; p = 0.009) in the very old group (≥ 80 years). Prefrailty and low physical activity were significantly associated with sarcopenia with an OR of 4.75 (95%CI 1.90—11.89) in prefrailty, 15.35 (95%CI 1.69–139.47) in the middle activity group, and 17.99 (95%CI 1.95–165.73) in the lowest activity group. In conclusion, primary sarcopenia was found in one-tenth of outpatient elderly. Age, prefrailty, and low activity were independent factors associated with sarcopenia.

Utility of anthropometric indicators in predicting osteoporosis in ambulant community dwelling rural postmenopausal women from southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-232
Author(s):  
Kalyani Sridharan ◽  
Kripa E Cherian ◽  
Mathews E Kurian ◽  
Hesarghatta S Asha ◽  
Thomas V Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Public Health

Osteoporosis is characterised by low bone mineral density (BMD) and is a significant public health problem in India. This cross-sectional study was done to assess the relationship between various anthropometric measures and BMD in 308 rural dwelling South Indian postmenopausal women. Anthropometric variables such as weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and neck circumference (NC) were measured. BMD was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan at the lumbar spine (LS) and femoral neck (NOF). The mean age ± SD of study participants was 60.7 ± 7.8 years. All anthropometric variables showed positive correlation with BMD at NOF and LS ( P < 0.05). Weight showed the best correlation (r = 0.482 for NOF and 0.412 for LS; P < 0.001). On multivariate logistic regression, age and weight remained significant for predicting femoral neck osteoporosis while weight and WC were the best predictors for LS osteoporosis. These anthropometric measures may serve as surrogate markers for osteoporosis and thus be used to screen postmenopausal women for referral to a centre with fewer limited resources.

Differential educational patterning of cardiometabolic risks between women and men among community-dwelling Chinese adults in Hong Kong: the mediating role of obesity

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Gary K.K. Chung ◽  
Francisco T.T. Lai ◽  
Heidi Hung ◽  
Eng-Kiong Yeoh ◽  
Roger Y. Chung
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Educational Inequalities ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: Educational inequalities in cardiometabolic diseases (CMD) are globally recognised; nonetheless, evidence on potential explanatory mechanisms and effective strategies for CMD prevention and inequality reduction is relatively scarce in Asia. Therefore, this study examined the extent and potential mediators of the association of education level with CMD conditions (i.e., hypertension and diabetes) in an advanced economy in Asia. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: This territory-wide cross-sectional Population Health Survey in 2014/15 was performed in Hong Kong. Demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors were collected via questionnaire, while clinical data on blood pressure and glucose levels, lipid profiles, and anthropometric measures were obtained during health examination. Hypertension and diabetes statuses were objectively defined by both clinical data and the use of relevant medications. Participants: 2297 community-dwelling adults aged between 15-84 years recruited via systematic replicated sampling of living quarters. Results: Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis showed that lower education level was significantly associated with hypertension among women but not men, whereas similar pattern was also observed for diabetes and other related clinical risk factors. Also, general and abdominal obesity were independently associated with hypertension and diabetes among both women and men, and substantially mediated the observed inequalities across education levels among women. Specifically, abdominal obesity was a particularly strong risk factor and mediator for diabetes. Conclusion: Educational patterning of CMD was more apparent among women in Hong Kong. Obesity control appears to be important for both overall CMD prevention and reduction of educational inequalities in CMD among women.

Visual impairment and some of ocular problem in nursing home residents

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-204
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Yekta ◽  
Hassan Hashemi ◽  
Reza Pakzad ◽  
Asieh Jafari ◽  
Abbasali Yekta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Elderly Persons ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional

We decided to conduct a study to determine the prevalence of visual impairment, blindness, refractive errors, and other visual functions in nursing homes of Iran. In this cross-sectional study, 133 elderly persons were selected from seven nursing homes using proportional-to-size random sampling. A Snellen chart was used to measure visual acuity (VA). Refraction was measured in all participants using autorefractometry and retinoscopy. A cover test was applied to assess ocular deviation. Stereopsis, color vision, and contrast sensitivity were evaluated with distance glasses. The prevalence (95% confidence interval [CI]) of visual impairment (VI) (<20/60), low vision (<20/60 to <20/400), and blindness (⩽20/400) was 41.88% (32.81–50.95), 32.48% (23.87–41.09), and 9.40% (4.03–14.77), respectively, based on best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). The prevalence of myopia (spherical equivalent (SE) < −0.5 D), hyperopia (SE < 0.5 D), and astigmatism (cylindrical power < 0.5 D) was 53.50% (44.19–62.58), 36.84% (28.38–46.19), and 86.84% (79.17–91.97), respectively. VI and refractive errors had no association with age and sex ( p-value > .05 for all). The prevalence of other ocular diseases was as follows: cataract 66.06% (57.02–75.09), glaucoma 1.52% (1.85–5.40), one eyed caused by injury 6.10% (2.67–11.67), and corneal opacity 3.81% (1.25–8.68). The prevalence of VI was 4–20 times and the prevalence of cataract was 3–4 times higher in NHRs compared with community-dwelling older people, indicating the grave situation of vision in these people. It is necessary to conduct further studies to find the reasons behind this disparity and perform interventions, including periodic and screening examinations upon entry to nursing homes to decrease the burden of ocular diseases in NHRs.

The Association Between Excessive Daytime Sleepiness and Gait Parameters in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Cross-Sectional Findings From the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sho Nakakubo ◽  
Takehiko Doi ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimada ◽  
Rei Ono ◽  
Hyuma Makizako ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Daytime Sleepiness ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Stride Length ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Objective: This study examined the association between excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) and gait characteristics (e.g., speed, variability) in community-dwelling older adults. Method: This cross-sectional study included 3,901 individuals aged ≥65 years. Participants answered questions about EDS, sleep duration, and other sleep-related symptoms. Gait speed, stride length, and the variability in stride length were assessed by using a stopwatch and a WalkWay device. Results: EDS was significantly associated with slower gait speed among younger subjects (<75 years, p = .021) and with both slower gait speed ( p = .045) and greater variability in stride length among older subjects (≥75 years, p = .048) in a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, medication, number of comorbidities, and education. Discussion: EDS associates with gait ability, particularly in older old adults. Further prospective studies are needed to determine the causal association between gait ability and sleep disturbances, including EDS.

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