scholarly journals OCCURRENCE OF INSECT PESTS IN FRUITS OF Caryocar brasiliense (CARYOCARACEAE) IN THE NORTH OF MINAS GERAIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 631-639
Author(s):  
RENAN ALVES SANTOS ◽  
VINÍCIUS ORLANDI BARBOSA LIMA ◽  
TATIANNE GIZELLE MARQUES SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Regional Economics ◽  
Predation Rate ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
The North ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Morphological Variables ◽  
Caryocar Brasiliense ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Insect Attack

ABSTRACT Caryocar brasiliense Camb. is a typical species from the Cerrado that represents a relevant income for the population where the fruit is produced. The ocorrence of insect pests provokes damage in the fruit and making its commercialization unfeasible. Then, this study aimed to identify the pest insect the fruit and the pit; to compare the morphological features of the fruit and pit and the damage caused by insects among mother plants and their origins and correlate the fruit and pit morphological features with the damage caused by the insects. Three different origins were evaluated, 12 mother plants by origin and ten fruit by mother plant. All the fruit were opened, checked for the insect damage and the fruit and pit morphological variables were determined. The insects that caused damage to the pequi embryo were identified as Carmenta sp. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) and Amblycerus sp (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The probability analysis showed significant effect on the mother plants and origins for the percentage of fruit and pit attacked where the location of Laje Velha obtained the lowest rates of the insect attack. The fruit and pit of the Fruta de Leite were bigger and heavier than the others, while the correlations among the predation rate and the other morphological variables of the fruit and pit were not significant. Amblycerus sp. and Carmenta sp. may be considered potential pests of pequi, with the risk of compromising the pequizeiro populations and the regional economics.

YUKAGIR GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS IN TOPONYMY OF THE KOLYMA RIVER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4(73)) ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
N.S. Bagdaryyn
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Linguistic Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kolyma River

The article continues the author's research on the toponymy of the North-East of the Sakha Republic, in particular the Kolyma river basin, in the aspect of the interaction of related and unrelated languages. The relevance of this work is defined in the description of local geographical terminology of Yukagir origin, as a valuable and important material in the further study of toponymy of the region. For the first time, the toponymy of the Kolyma river basin becomes the object of sampling and linguistic analysis of toponyms with local geographical terms of Yukagir origin in order to identify and analyze them linguistically. The research was carried out by comparative method, word formation, structural, lexical and semantic analysis. As a result of the research, phonetic and morphological features are revealed, the formation of local geographical terms and geographical names of Yukagir origin is outlined, and previously unrecorded semantic shifts and dialectisms are revealed. The most active in the formation of terms and toponyms is the geographical term iилil / eҕal 'coast‘, which is justified by the representation of the Yukagirs’ coast' home, housing

Inbreeding, Migration and Age at Marriage in Rural Toledo, Spain

1983 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Calderon
Keyword(s):  
Economic Life ◽  
Neolithic Period ◽  
Ciudad Real ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
The North ◽  
Natural Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
The Town ◽  
Common Plant

The natural region of the Jara, with an area of 2500 km2 occupies much of the south west of the province of Toledo, and extends into the provinces of Caceres and Ciudad Real. It is situated between the Tajo and Guadiana rivers, south of the town of Talavera de la Reina, the centre of the economic life in this region. Its highlands are covered with xerophytic vegetation, of which the most common plant is the jara (Cistus ladaniferus), from which this zone takes it name, (Fig. 1). It has been occupied from the neolithic period onwards by peoples of different origins, e.g. Romans, Muslims, Jews, Mozarabs (Jimenez de Gregorio, 1959) but the present population derives from settlement from the north of the Tajo river beginning in the 14th century following the upheavals of the Moslem–Christian wars.

scholarly journals A new corticolous species of Mycena sect. Viscipelles (Basidiomycota: Agaricales) from the bark of a Living American elm tree in Texas, U.S.A.

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-185
Author(s):  
Brian A. Perry ◽  
Harold W. Keller ◽  
Edward D. Forrester ◽  
Billy G. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Fort Worth ◽  
Moist Chamber ◽  
American Elm ◽  
The North

A  Mycena species new to science was obtained from moist chamber cultures of trunk bark of a living American elm tree (Ulmus americana) located in the Fort Worth Botanic Garden, Tarrant County, Texas. This discovery was part of an ongoing study of corticolous myxomycetes on larger American elm trees occurring in Fort Worth nature parks. More than 15 American elm trees were sampled for trunk bark but only a single tree yielded  Mycena basidiomes. Collections of bark began in the summer of 2017 and continued until the beginning of 2020. Bark samples from the north, south and west side of the tree yielded fruit bodies of the mushroom in moist chamber culture. No fruit bodies were observed in nature nor were early formation stages on the underside of the bark. Crystals previously described in another study were present on the bark surfaces, edges, and undersides. Habit and morphological development were photographed using light microscopy applying multifocal imaging and computer stacking to increase depth of field. Basidiome development was observed and photographed from the earliest primordial beginning stage, the button stage, intermediate stage and the final emerging stalk elongation and mature cap formation stage. Mature mushroom development took from 9 to 21 days after wetting the bark in moist chamber cultures. Scanning electron microscopy was used to illustrate development of the button stage, emerging stalk and pileus stage, and the fully mature pileus, lamellae, and pseudocollarium. Morphological features and DNA sequence data confirmed that this  Mycena species was undescribed and distinct from other  Mycena taxa. Morphological features suggest placement of the novel taxon in  Mycena sect. Viscipelles, distinct from other members based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis.

scholarly journals Abnormal Leaf Development on White Oaks Linked to Drift of Chloroacetamide Herbicides

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Jayesh B. Samtani ◽  
John B. Masiunas ◽  
James E. Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Central Region ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
North Central Region ◽  
White Oak ◽  
North Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Herbicide Drift ◽  
Possible Cause ◽  
Insect Attack

In the last few decades, white oak in the north central region have developed malformed spring leaves called “leaf tatters.” Symptoms begin with the death of interveinal leaf tissues, eventually leaving only the main leaf veins with little interveinal tissues present. Winter injury, frost, insect attack, and herbicide drift were all thought to be possible causes of leaf tatters. This study indicates that drift of chloroacetamide herbicides from applications onto corn and soybean fields is a possible cause of the leaf tatters syndrome. Accepted for publication 14 February 2005. Published 21 February 2005.

Oil content of cotton seed in Northern Nigeria: 2. varietal and environmental variation

1977 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Gridley ◽  
J. B. Smithson
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Environmental Variation ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
The North ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Small Interactions ◽  
Insect Attack

SUMMARYDifferences between sites accounted for a large proportion of the variation in the oil percentage of cotton seed from variety and agronomic trials conducted in Northern Nigeria but were not consistent between seasons. Reduced oil percentages from the drier areas of the north and from later sowings suggested that length of season is an important factor but insect attack and differences in the amounts of nitrogen, potash and boron applied to the soil also contributed to the variation. Application of insecticide, potash and boron increased and nitrogen decreased oil percentages. The latter effect usually resulted from an increase in seed size without a corresponding increase in oil content. The variation in the oil percentages of commercial varieties derived from the same Nigerian Allen stock and the relatively small interactions between varieties and environments suggested that this character might be improved by selection.

scholarly journals МОРФОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СЕЛЕЗІНКИ ТЕПЛОКРОВНИХ ТВАРИН

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-406
Author(s):  
O. F. Dunaievska
Keyword(s):  
Relative Weight ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Relative Area ◽  
Contractile Apparatus ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules ◽  
Red Pulp

<p> </p><p>The spleen is an important multifunctional organ, one of parts of the peripheral immune system and hematopoiesis. It is sensitive to biotic, abiotic, and environmental factors. Determination of morphological features and morphometric parameters are important for the development of organ test-systems. The major indicators are the relative weight of the spleen and its main structural components. These criteria could be used in the therapy, prevention, pathology, the study of influence of factors of different origins, for received from farm animals environmentally friendly and safe products. Our research was carried out by light microscopy with the production of permanent histological preparations. The formalin and Сarnoy liquid were used as fixatives. Paraffin sections were stained with hematoxylin, eosin, and azure by methods of Van Gieson and Brachet. Spleen has the same structure and principle consists of a support-contractile apparatus and pulp in birds and mammals. Each animal species had its own characteristic of morphological features. The relative weight of spleen was the greatest in horses (0.48±0,01 %) and the lowest was in pigeons (0.02±0.01 %). Support-contractile apparatus was better developed in horses (13.64±1.13 %) and sheep (12.08±0.42 %), and the lesser in chickens (3.02±0.95 %) and rabbits (5.87±0.69 %). The proportion of trabecular system prevailed on the proportion of capsules in all studied animals, except rabbits. The birds had no radial trabeculae, in rabbits they are insignificant. The number of capsular trabecular are lesser than the pulps in horses, pigs, and sheep. Large pulps` trabeculae are united together, forming trabecular tree, while parenchyma is formed by the white and red pulp. The main structural components of the white pulp are the lymphoid nodules and lymphoid sheath near the vessels. The lymphoid nodules have zonal structure in mammals, whereas they are absent in birds. The relative area of lymphoid nodules in animals dominates under the area of lymphoid sheaths near the vessels; this difference was more than twice in horses (5.01±0.63 and 2.41±0.17 %), rabbits (11.95±2.67 and 5.73±1.40 %). In all the studied mammals the light center had the largest relative area in rabbits (2.08±0.49 %), and the lowest was registered in horses (0.98±0.11 %). The marginal zone occupies the largest relative area in sheep (6.52±0.98 %), the least – in horses (2.02±0.12 %). The mantle zone and zone near the vessels were better developed in rabbits (3.36±0.76 and 2.41±0.84 %); the red pulp was better developed in chickens (78.30±1.98 %), pigs (78.87±2.36 %) and horses (78.94±4.39 %), while sheep had the lesser developed red pulp (69.99±1.0 %).</p>

scholarly journals International adaptation of the hydrologic rational method: floods study in the North Portugal region

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Alexandre Luis Vázquez-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Rational Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Short Time Interval ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Short Time

Floods have a big capacity of create great social and economic losses in a short time interval. Spain and other countries have this problem in their territories. These can have different origins, being the rivers overflowing the more common cause. There are different approaches of these phenomena studies, and the modified Témez rational method is the referenced one in Spain, which with the GIS and hydrological simulation programs can create the flooding areas cartography, key information in the floods hazard management. But, is this method only valid for Spain, or is it applicable to other countries? The answer is that its adaptation to other countries is possible, always that the relevant modifications are made.In the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal is a country that has the flooding problem too. Because this country has a similar geological and geographical conditions to the western Spain, and the floods effects are similar in the Portuguese territories, the adaptation to this country it´s relatively simple.The aim of this work is the study of floods dynamics in Portugal, adapting the modified Témez rational method. This method will be applied in the Âncora river, in North Portugal region fluvial system because the geological and geographical conditions are similar to the west of Spain ones.

scholarly journals Resistance to post-emergent herbicides is becoming common for grass weeds on New Zealand wheat and barley farms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258685
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Buddenhagen ◽  
Trevor K. James ◽  
Zachary Ngow ◽  
Deborah L. Hackell ◽  
M. Phil Rolston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The North ◽  
Mother Plants ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
North And South

To estimate the prevalence of herbicide-resistant weeds, 87 wheat and barley farms were randomly surveyed in the Canterbury region of New Zealand. Over 600 weed seed samples from up to 10 mother plants per taxon depending on abundance, were collected immediately prior to harvest (two fields per farm). Some samples provided by agronomists were tested on an ad-hoc basis. Over 40,000 seedlings were grown to the 2–4 leaf stage in glasshouse conditions and sprayed with high priority herbicides for grasses from the three modes-of-action acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibitors haloxyfop, fenoxaprop, clodinafop, pinoxaden, clethodim, acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibitors iodosulfuron, pyroxsulam, nicosulfuron, and the 5-enolpyruvyl shikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS)-inhibitor glyphosate. The highest manufacturer recommended label rates were applied for the products registered for use in New Zealand, often higher than the discriminatory rates used in studies elsewhere. Published studies of resistance were rare in New Zealand but we found weeds survived herbicide applications on 42 of the 87 (48%) randomly surveyed farms, while susceptible reference populations died. Resistance was found for ALS-inhibitors on 35 farms (40%) and to ACCase-inhibitors on 20 (23%) farms. The number of farms with resistant weeds (denominator is 87 farms) are reported for ACCase-inhibitors, ALS-inhibitors, and glyphosate respectively as: Avena fatua (9%, 1%, 0% of farms), Bromus catharticus (0%, 2%, 0%), Lolium spp. (17%, 28%, 0%), Phalaris minor (1%, 6%, 0%), and Vulpia bromoides (0%, not tested, 0%). Not all farms had the weeds present, five had no obvious weeds prior to harvest. This survey revealed New Zealand’s first documented cases of resistance in P. minor (fenoxaprop, clodinafop, iodosulfuron) and B. catharticus (pyroxsulam). Twelve of the 87 randomly sampled farms (14%) had ALS-inhibitor chlorsulfuron-resistant sow thistles, mostly Sonchus asper but also S. oleraceus. Resistance was confirmed in industry-supplied samples of the grasses Digitaria sanguinalis (nicosulfuron, two maize farms), P. minor (iodosulfuron, one farm), and Lolium spp. (cases included glyphosate, haloxyfop, pinoxaden, iodosulfuron, and pyroxsulam, 9 farms). Industry also supplied Stellaria media samples that were resistant to chlorsulfuron and flumetsulam (ALS-inhibitors) sourced from clover and ryegrass fields from the North and South Island.

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