Attenuation of low-temperature stress in rice seedlings

ABSTRACT Rice is a cold-sensitive crop, and its exposure to low-temperature stress, during germination and early seedling growth, can negatively affect the initial stand establishment. Substances that act as growth regulators can be used to mitigate this initial stress. Thus, the influence of gibberellic acid, thiamethoxam and a phytohormone was investigated at the growth variables and antioxidant enzyme activity of the 'Irga 424' and 'Puita Inta CL' rice cultivars, at low-temperature (17 ºC). The products act on the germination percentage of 'Puita Inta CL', but vigor is only influenced by giberellic acid. Giberellic acid influences shoot length, irrespective of cultivar, while thiamethoxam and the phytohormone only affect length in 'Puita Inta CL'. The antioxidant activity depends on the cultivar and organ tested (shoot or root). These products mitigate the effects of cold, thereby preventing the formation of reactive-oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and positively influence the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity.

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Zinc Seed Priming Improves Spinach Germination at Low Temperature

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11030271 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 271

Author(s):

Muhammad Imran ◽

Asim Mahmood ◽

Günter Neumann ◽

Birte Boelt

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Multispectral Imaging ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Seed Priming ◽

Seedling Development ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Early Seedling ◽

Early Seedling Development

Low temperature during germination hinders germination speed and early seedling development. Zn seed priming is a useful and cost-effective tool to improve germination rate and resistance to low temperature stress during germination and early seedling development. Spinach was tested to improve germination and seedling development with Zn seed priming under low temperature stress conditions. Zn priming increased seed Zn concentration up to 48 times. The multispectral imaging technique with VideometerLab was used as a non-destructive method to differentiate unprimed, water- and Zn-primed spinach seeds successfully. Localization of Zn in the seeds was studied using the 1,5-diphenyl thiocarbazone (DTZ) dying technique. Active translocation of primed Zn in the roots of young seedlings was detected with laser confocal microscopy. Zn priming of spinach seeds at 6 mM Zn showed a significant increase in germination rate and total germination under low temperature at 8 °C.

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Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Response to Low Temperature Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): A Review

International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management ◽

10.23910/1.2021.2480 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 706-712

Author(s):

D. K. Yadav ◽

◽

Yogendra K. Meena ◽

L. N. Bairwa ◽

Uadal Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Tomato Plant ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Pollen Sterility ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Physiological And Biochemical

Growth and productivity are traumatized by the low temperature that triggers a series of physiological, morphological, molecular and biochemical changes in plants that eventually disturb plant life. Most of the cultivable lands of the world are adversely affected by temperature stress conditions which have an adverse impact on global tomato productivity. Plants undergo several water related metabolic activities for their survival during cold stress conditions. Understanding the morphological, physiological and biochemical reactions to low temperature is essential for a comprehensive view of the perception of tomato plant tolerant mechanism. This review reports some aspects of low temperature inflated changes in physiological and biochemical in the tomato plant. Low temperature stress influences the reproductive phases of plants with delayed flowering which enhance pollen sterility resultant drastically affects the harvest yield. It also decreases the capacity and efficiency of photosynthesis through changes in gas exchange, pigment content, chloroplast development and decline in chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthetic attributes. Amassing of osmoprotectant is another adaptive mechanism in plants exposed to low temperatures stress, as essential metabolites directly participate in the osmotic adjustment. Furthermore, low temperature stress enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may oxidize lipids, proteins and nucleic acids which bring in distortion at the level of the cell. At the point when extreme reactive oxygen species produced, plants synthesize antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectants that quench the abundance of reactive oxygen species. These reviews focus on the capacity and techniques of the tomato plant to react low temperature stress.

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Exogenous application of 5-aminolevulinic acid improves low-temperature stress tolerance of maize seedlings

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp17401 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 69 (6) ◽

pp. 587 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yi Wang ◽

Jing Li ◽

Wanrong Gu ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Lixin Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Aminolevulinic Acid ◽

Photosynthetic Capacity ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Temperature Sensitive ◽

Maize Seedlings

The important plant growth regulator 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could promote low-temperature stress tolerance of many plants; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We investigated the effects of exogenously applied ALA on seedling morphology, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings under low-temperature stress. Two cultivars, low-temperature-sensitive cv. Suiyu 13 (SY13) and low-temperature-tolerant cv. Zhengdan 958 (ZD958), were subjected to four treatments: low-temperature without ALA treatment, low-temperature after ALA treatment, normal temperature without ALA treatment, and normal temperature after ALA treatment. Plant morphological growth, proline content, antioxidant enzyme activity and photosynthetic capacity were determined. ALA treatment significantly decreased the inhibitory effects of low-temperature stress on seedling dry weight and increased proline accumulation under low temperatures in ZD958. Pre-application of ALA significantly improved superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in SY13 under low-temperature stress. Furthermore, treating maize seedlings with ALA resulted in significant enhancement of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase activity under low-temperature stress in both cultivars. Pre-treatment with ALA relieved the damage caused by low-temperature stress to maize seedlings, particularly in the low-temperature-sensitive cultivar. Therefore, ALA at appropriate concentrations may be used to prevent reductions in maize crop yield due to low-temperature stress.

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Metabolism of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants under low temperature stress

Plant Cell & Environment ◽

10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02310.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 281-295 ◽

Cited By ~ 180

Author(s):

MORAD AIRAKI ◽

MARINA LETERRIER ◽

ROSA M. MATEOS ◽

RAQUEL VALDERRAMA ◽

MOUNIRA CHAKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Capsicum Annuum ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Reactive Nitrogen Species ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Reactive Nitrogen ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Nitrogen Species ◽

Capsicum Annuum L

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Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae7040084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Parviz Heidari ◽

Mahdi Entazari ◽

Amin Ebrahimi ◽

Mostafa Ahmadizadeh ◽

Alessandro Vannozzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Low Temperatures ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Sensitive Species ◽

Tomato Species ◽

Tolerant Species ◽

Cold Tolerant ◽

Cold Sensitive ◽

Stress Dependent

Low-temperature stress is a type of abiotic stress that limits plant growth and production in both subtropical and tropical climate conditions. In the current study, the effects of 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated, in terms of hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcription of several cold-responsive genes, under low-temperature stress (9 °C) in two different tomato species (cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species). Results indicated that the treatment with exogenous EBR increases the content of gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whose accumulation is reduced by low temperatures in cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, the combination or contribution of BR and abscisic acid (ABA) as a synergetic interaction was recognized between BR and ABA in response to low temperatures. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was significantly increased in both species, in response to low-temperature stress; however, EBR treatment did not affect the MDA and proline content. Moreover, in the present study, the effect of EBR application was different in the tomato species under low-temperature stress, which increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the cold-tolerant species and increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, expression levels of cold-responsive genes were influenced by low-temperature stress and EBR treatment. Overall, our findings revealed that a low temperature causes oxidative stress while EBR treatment may decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage into increasing antioxidant enzymes, and improve the growth rate of the tomato by affecting auxin and gibberellin content. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which BRs regulate stress-dependent processes in tomatoes, and provides a theoretical basis for promoting cold resistance of the tomato.

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Low temperature and oxidative stress in cereals

Acta Agronomica Hungarica ◽

10.1556/aagr.59.2011.2.7 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 169-189 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

G. Kocsy ◽

Magda Pál ◽

A. Soltész ◽

G. Szalai ◽

Á. Boldizsár ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Temperature Stress ◽

Brachypodium Distachyon ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Low Temperature Stress ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Stress Effect ◽

Oxygen Species

Low temperature stress results in significant yield losses in cereals. Cereals of subtropical origin like maize and rice are severely damaged at temperatures below 10°C and are killed at subzero temperatures. This stress effect is called chilling. In contrast, cereals originating from the temperate zone (wheat, barley, rye and oat) may survive short periods even between −10 and −20°C, depending on the species and varieties, so they are freezing-tolerant to various extents. For the winter type of these cereals a gradual decrease in temperature up to −4°C results in cold acclimation, which increases their freezing tolerance. In addition, it fulfils their vernalization requirement, which is necessary for the correct timing of the vegetative to generative transition. During both chilling and freezing, oxidative stress is induced. Although the accumulation of high concentrations of reactive oxygen species may be lethal, a moderate increase in their level may activate various defence mechanisms. In this review the role of reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, carbohydrates, free amino acids, polyamines and hormones in the response to low temperature stress in cereals will be described. The effect of light and the use of the model plant Brachypodium distachyon L. to reveal the biochemical and molecular biological background of this response will also be discussed.

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