scholarly journals Exogenous EBR Ameliorates Endogenous Hormone Contents in Tomato Species under Low-Temperature Stress

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Parviz Heidari ◽  
Mahdi Entazari ◽  
Amin Ebrahimi ◽  
Mostafa Ahmadizadeh ◽  
Alessandro Vannozzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Stress Dependent

Low-temperature stress is a type of abiotic stress that limits plant growth and production in both subtropical and tropical climate conditions. In the current study, the effects of 24-epi-brassinolide (EBR) as analogs of brassinosteroids (BRs) were investigated, in terms of hormone content, antioxidant enzyme activity, and transcription of several cold-responsive genes, under low-temperature stress (9 °C) in two different tomato species (cold-sensitive and cold-tolerant species). Results indicated that the treatment with exogenous EBR increases the content of gibberellic acid (GA3) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), whose accumulation is reduced by low temperatures in cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, the combination or contribution of BR and abscisic acid (ABA) as a synergetic interaction was recognized between BR and ABA in response to low temperatures. The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline was significantly increased in both species, in response to low-temperature stress; however, EBR treatment did not affect the MDA and proline content. Moreover, in the present study, the effect of EBR application was different in the tomato species under low-temperature stress, which increased the catalase (CAT) activity in the cold-tolerant species and increased the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in the cold-sensitive species. Furthermore, expression levels of cold-responsive genes were influenced by low-temperature stress and EBR treatment. Overall, our findings revealed that a low temperature causes oxidative stress while EBR treatment may decrease the reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage into increasing antioxidant enzymes, and improve the growth rate of the tomato by affecting auxin and gibberellin content. This study provides insight into the mechanism by which BRs regulate stress-dependent processes in tomatoes, and provides a theoretical basis for promoting cold resistance of the tomato.

scholarly journals Hormone Profiles and Antioxidant Activity of Cultivated and Wild Tomato Seedlings under Low-Temperature Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1146
Author(s):  
Parviz Heidari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Amerian ◽  
Gianni Barcaccia
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Tolerant Species ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Low temperature is a major limiting factor for the growth and reproduction of some plant species, such as tomato. So far, few studies have been conducted on the effects of low temperature, and the mechanisms of plants’ response to this type of stress is not fully clear. In the current study, the effects of low, nonfreezing temperature (10 °C for three days) on the hormone content, antioxidant activity, and expression patterns of cold-related genes in the leaves of cold-tolerant species (Solanum habrochaites Accession ‘LA1777′) and cold-susceptible species (Solanum lycopersicum cultivar ‘Moneymaker’) were investigated. Low temperature increased the abscisic acid (ABA) content in both tomato species, while the content of zeatin-type cytokinins (ZT) increased in the cold-tolerant species. However, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellic acid (GA) reduced in response to low temperature in susceptible species. Accordingly, cytokinin (CK) is identified as an important hormone associated with low-temperature stress in tomato. In addition, our results indicate that the C-repeat/DRE binding factor 1 (CBF1) gene is less induced in response to low temperature in tomato, although transcription of the inducer of CBF expression 1 (ICE1) gene was upregulated under low temperature in both tomato species. It seems that ICE1 may modulate cold-regulated (COR) genes in a CBF-independent way. In addition, in response to low temperature, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level and membrane stability index (MSI) increased in the susceptible species, indicating that low temperature induces oxidative stress. Additionally, we found that glutathione peroxidase is highly involved in reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging induced by low temperature, and antioxidants are more induced in tolerant species. Overall, our results suggest that sub-optimal temperatures promote oxidative stress in tomato and CK is introduced as a factor related to the response to low temperature that requires deeper attention in future breeding programs of tomato.

scholarly journals Identification of cold stress responsive microRNAs in cold tolerant and susceptible Hemerocallis fulva by high throughput sequencing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbing Huang ◽  
Chun Jiang ◽  
limin Jin ◽  
Huanchao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Background:Hemerocallis fulva is a perennial herb belonging to Hemerocallis of Hemerocallis. Because of the large and bright colors, it is often used as a garden ornamental plant. But most varieties of H. fulva on the market will wither in winter, which will affect their beauty. It is very important to study the effect of low temperature stress on the physiological indexes of H. fulva and understand the cold tolerance of different H. fulva. MiRNA is a kind of endogenous non coding small molecular RNA with length of 21-24nt. It mainly inhibits protein translation by cutting target genes, and plays an important role in the development of organisms, gene expression and biological stress. Low temperature is the main abiotic stress affecting the production of H. fulva in China, which hinders the growth and development of plants. A comprehensive understanding of the expression pattern of microRNA in H. fulva under low temperature stress can improve our understanding of microRNA mediated stress response. Although there are many studies on miRNAs of various plants under cold stress at home and abroad, there are few studies on miRNAs related to cold stress of H. fulva. It is of great significance to explore the cold stress resistant gene resources of H. fulva, especially the identification and functional research of miRNA closely related to cold stress, for the breeding of excellent H. fulva.Results A total of 5619 cold-responsive miRNAs, 315 putative novel and 5 304 conserved miRNAs, were identified from the leaves and roots of two different varieties ‘Jinyan’ (cold-tolerant) and ‘Lucretius ’ (cold-sensitive), which were stressed under -4 oC for 24 h. Twelve conserved and three novel miRNAs (novel-miR10, novel-miR19 and novel-miR48) were differentially expressed in leaves of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Novel-miR19, novel-miR29 and novel-miR30 were up-regulated in roots of ‘Jinyan’ under cold stress. Thirteen and two conserved miRNAs were deferentially expressed in leaves and roots of ‘Lucretius’ after cold stress. The deferentially expressed miRNAs between two cultivars under cold stress include novel miRNAs and the members of the miR156, miR166 and miR319 families. A total of 6 598 target genes for 6 516 known miRNAs and 82 novel miRNAs were predicted by bioinformatic analysis, mainly involved in metabolic processes and stress responses. Ten differentially expressed miRNAs and predicted target genes were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR(q-PCR), and the expressional changes of target genes were negatively correlated to differentially expressed miRNAs. Our data indicated that some candidate miRNAs (e.g., miR156a-3-p, miR319a, and novel-miR19) may play important roles in plant response to cold stress.Conclusions Our study indicates that some putative target genes and miRNA mediated metabolic processes and stress responses are significant to cold tolerance in H. fulva.

scholarly journals Effect of Low-Temperature Stress On Na+/K+-ATPase and Transcriptome Changes in Oreochromis Niloticus Gill Tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Li ◽  
Luting Wen ◽  
Xia Wu ◽  
Junqi Qin ◽  
Zhong Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Material Transport

Abstract Low temperatures limit the development of Oreochromis niloticus (tilapia), and an increase in low-temperature tolerance would increase yields. We studied the responses of tilapia to low temperatures. The fish were labeled CK, AA, BB, and CC based on treatment (25°C, 12°C/1 h, 12°C/24 h, and 12°C/48 h, respectively) with CK being the control group. We examined the transcriptome responses and the Na+/K+-ATPase activity of gill tissue in each group. The Na+/K+-ATPase activity varied with the treatment time. Transcriptome sequencing of 12 individuals yielded 585.51 million clean reads, and at least 83.26% of the genes were mapped to the reference genome. Comparative analysis revealed 12,448 genes with significantly differential expression, including 792, 1,827, 1,924 upregulated genes and 992, 3,056, 3,857 genes downregulated for AA, BB, and CC, respectively. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were validated using RT-PCR for five genes. Functional annotation analysis of the DEGs identified functions associated with response to low-temperature stress. When tilapia was subjected to low-temperature stress, expression changes occurred in genes associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, metabolic pathways, cell adhesion molecules, material transport, and immunity. The founding will help understand the effects of low temperature on fish and provide a theoretical basis for the tilapia breeding industry.

scholarly journals The Methylation Patterns and Transcriptional Responses to Chilling Stress at the Seedling Stage in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Guo ◽  
Tingkai Wu ◽  
Shuxing Li ◽  
Qiang He ◽  
Zhanlie Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Chilling stress is considered the major abiotic stress affecting the growth, development, and yield of rice. To understand the transcriptomic responses and methylation regulation of rice in response to chilling stress, we analyzed a cold-tolerant variety of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. P427). The physiological properties, transcriptome, and methylation of cold-tolerant P427 seedlings under low-temperature stress (2–3 °C) were investigated. We found that P427 exhibited enhanced tolerance to low temperature, likely via increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and promoting the accumulation of abscisic acid (ABA). The Methylated DNA Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (MeDIP-seq) data showed that the number of methylation-altered genes was highest in P427 (5496) and slightly lower in Nipponbare (Nip) and 9311 (4528 and 3341, respectively), and only 2.7% (292) of methylation genes were detected as common differentially methylated genes (DMGs) related to cold tolerance in the three varieties. Transcriptome analyses revealed that 1654 genes had specifically altered expression in P427 under cold stress. These genes mainly belonged to transcription factor families, such as Myeloblastosis (MYB), APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding proteins (AP2-EREBP), NAM-ATAF-CUC (NAC) and WRKY. Fifty-one genes showed simultaneous methylation and expression level changes. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) results showed that genes involved in the ICE (inducer of CBF expression)-CBF (C-repeat binding factor)—COR (cold-regulated) pathway were highly expressed under cold stress, including the WRKY genes. The homologous gene Os03g0610900 of the open stomatal 1 (OST1) in rice was obtained by evolutionary tree analysis. Methylation in Os03g0610900 gene promoter region decreased, and the expression level of Os03g0610900 increased, suggesting that cold stress may lead to demethylation and increased gene expression of Os03g0610900. The ICE-CBF-COR pathway plays a vital role in the cold tolerance of the rice cultivar P427. Overall, this study demonstrates the differences in methylation and gene expression levels of P427 in response to low-temperature stress, providing a foundation for further investigations of the relationship between environmental stress, DNA methylation, and gene expression in rice.

scholarly journals 'Momordica charantia’ introducing a new rootstock for grafted cucumber under low-temperature stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saber Mohammadnia ◽  
Maryam Haghighi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cucumber is a sensitive vegetable to low temperatures. Grafting vegetables on different rootstocks can decrease the harmful effects of environmental stresses, including low-temperature stress. An experiment was performed to evaluate grafting cucumbers on different rootstocks at low temperatures. Cucumber growth and yield and photosynthesis traits were examined. Treatments were the optimum temperature (25±2°C), and cold temperature (15±3°C, Ts), and rootstocks, were Momordica charantia (Rmo), Cucurbita maxima (Rma), non-grafted (Rn) and self- grafted (Rs) with 4 replications. Shoot fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll, RWC, transpiration, decreased with temperature stress. The number of female flowers, electrolyte leakage, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance increased with Ts. First fruit emergence per plant, N, P, K, Mg concentration decreased with Ts stress. Transpiration, female flower, RWC, and stomata conductance, N, P, K, Ca, and phenol increased in Rma and Rmo. Mg was at the highest concentration in Rma and Na in Rn. All in all, using Rmo as well as Rma is recommended for rootstock as it causes more reproductive growth.

scholarly journals Cold tolerance in rice plants is partially controlled by root responses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angie Geraldine Sierra Rativa ◽  
Artur Teixeira de Araújo Junior ◽  
Daniele da Silva Friedrich ◽  
Rodrigo Gastmann ◽  
Thainá Inês Lamb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Cold Tolerant

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) ssp. indica is the most cultivated species in the South of Brazil. However, these plants face low temperature stress from September to November, which is the period of early sowing, affecting plant development during the initial stages of growth, and reducing rice productivity. This study aimed to characterize the root response to low temperature stress during the early vegetative stage of two rice genotypes contrasting in their cold tolerance (CT, cold-tolerant; and CS, cold-sensitive). Root dry weight and length, as well as number of root hairs, were higher in CT than CS when exposed to cold treatment. Histochemical analyses indicated that roots of CS genotype present higher levels of lipid peroxidation and H2O2 accumulation, along with lower levels of plasma membrane integrity than CT under low temperature stress. RNAseq analyses revealed that the contrasting genotypes present completely different molecular responses to cold stress. The number of over-represented functional categories was lower in CT than CS under cold condition, suggesting that CS genotype is more impacted by low temperature stress than CT. Several genes might contribute to rice cold tolerance, including the ones related with cell wall remodeling, cytoskeleton and growth, signaling, antioxidant system, lipid metabolism, and stress response. On the other hand, high expression of the genes SRC2 (defense), root architecture associated 1 (growth), ACC oxidase, ethylene-responsive transcription factor, and cytokinin-O-glucosyltransferase 2 (hormone-related) seems to be related with cold sensibility. Since these two genotypes have a similar genetic background (sister lines), the differentially expressed genes found here can be considered candidate genes for cold tolerance and could be used in future biotechnological approaches aiming to increase rice tolerance to low temperature.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Photosynthetic Characteristics was Induced by Low Temperature Stress in Brassica napus L.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Jiaojiao ◽  
Liu Zigang ◽  
Mi Wenbo ◽  
Sun Wancang ◽  
Wu Junyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Regulated Expression ◽  
Tolerant Variety ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Abstract Background RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) technique could be utilized to compare the transcription groups of two different cold-resistant rapeseed leaves responding to low temperature at the seedling stage, analyze the photosynthetic characteristics of rapeseed subjected to low temperature stress, and identify the related genes for low temperature induction in rapeseed leaves. Results Using cold-tolerant variety 17NS and sensitive variety NF24 as experimental materials, carrying out RNA-Seq analysis by photosynthetic parameter determination and Illumina HiSeqTM platform. and screen out the KEGG significant enrichment pathway related to photosynthetic characteristics under low temperature stress. Differential Expressed Genes (DEGs) were used for real-time PCR to verify the reliability of RNA-Seq results. The results showed that the response of Brassica napus L. to low temperature stress mainly was achieved by inhibiting photosynthesis, the cold-tolerant variety 17NS had a strong ability to maintain membrane system stability and structural integrity after 24 h of low temperature stress, while the sensitive variety NF24 photosynthesis was significantly inhibited. Two pathways of Photosynthesis and Photosynthesis-antennas, which were significantly correlated with photosynthetic characteristics and low temperature stress were screened by KEGG enrichment. The results of DEGs indicated that 64 differentially expressed genes in these two pathways were induced by low temperature stress, and 8 of them were up-regulated expression and 56 of them were down-regulated expression. The expression pattern of DEGs was consistent with the results of RNA-Seq analysis by qRT-PCR detection and confirmed the reliability of RNA-Seq results. Conclusion Our study analysis and identified 17 low-temperature-induced photosynthetic-related candidate genes in Brassica napus L., and the GO and KEGG metabolic pathways clarified the molecular function of differentially expressed genes.

scholarly journals Attenuation of low-temperature stress in rice seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Grohs ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Rodrigo Roso ◽  
Bibiana Silveira Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Early Seedling Growth ◽  
Giberellic Acid ◽  
Early Seedling ◽  
Cold Sensitive

ABSTRACT Rice is a cold-sensitive crop, and its exposure to low-temperature stress, during germination and early seedling growth, can negatively affect the initial stand establishment. Substances that act as growth regulators can be used to mitigate this initial stress. Thus, the influence of gibberellic acid, thiamethoxam and a phytohormone was investigated at the growth variables and antioxidant enzyme activity of the 'Irga 424' and 'Puita Inta CL' rice cultivars, at low-temperature (17 ºC). The products act on the germination percentage of 'Puita Inta CL', but vigor is only influenced by giberellic acid. Giberellic acid influences shoot length, irrespective of cultivar, while thiamethoxam and the phytohormone only affect length in 'Puita Inta CL'. The antioxidant activity depends on the cultivar and organ tested (shoot or root). These products mitigate the effects of cold, thereby preventing the formation of reactive-oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, and positively influence the superoxide dismutase enzyme activity.

scholarly journals Near-Isogenic Lines of Japonica Rice Revealed New QTLs for Cold Tolerance at Booting Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghai Sun ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Xiaoying Pu ◽  
Muhammad Kazim Ali ◽  
Xiaomeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Mixed Linear Model ◽  
Low Temperature Stress ◽  
Japonica Rice ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Low temperature stress severely hampers rice productivity, and hence elaborating chilling-mediated physiochemical alterations and unravelling cold tolerance pathways will facilitate cold resilient rice breeding. Various cold tolerant Near-isogenic lines (NILs) selected at the booting stage through backcrossing of a japonica landrace Lijing2 (cold tolerant) with cold sensitive Towada (a japonica cultivar). The cold tolerance attributes of NILs was validated over two years by evaluating the spikelet fertility followed by correlation of nineteen morphological traits with the rate of seed setting (RSS). Results revealed BG, FG, 1-2IL, RSLL, and UIL were significantly correlated with RSS and had nearer marker interval distance with cold tolerance in QTL analysis. Two QTLs, qCTB-7-a and qCTB-7-b, were found for RSS based on a mixed linear model. Alleles of two QTLs were contributed by Lijing2 and genetic distances between the peaks were 0.00 and 0.06cM, which explained 5.70% and 8.36% variation, respectively, One QTL for 1-2IL, RSLL, and ILBS, while two QTLs for FG, BG, and UIL were also identified. These findings can be exploited to engineer low temperature stress tolerant rice in times of climate change.

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