scholarly journals Insecticide selectivity to Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) under extended laboratory conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willian Yoshio Sanomia ◽  
Fabricio Fagundes Pereira ◽  
Ivana Fernandes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Insecticide Selectivity ◽  
Beneficial Organisms ◽  
Treatment Water

ABSTRACT Bioassays to evaluate the selectivity of pesticides to beneficial organisms are important tools to discriminate products compatible with biological pest control programs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the main insecticides used in the soybean crop on the egg parasitoid Ooencyrtus submetallicus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). The tested treatments (active ingredients) were: methomyl, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam, beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid, novaluron and teflubenzuron, in the highest doses indicated by the manufacturer for the soybean crop, and a control treatment (water). The evaluations enabled to calculate the mortality and parasitism capacity of adults exposed to the pesticides, in addition to the sex ratio of their descendants. Methomyl and lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam were classified as Class 4 (harmful), beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid as Class 3 (moderately harmful), and novaluron and teflubenzuron as Class 1 (harmless). The products classified as Class 3 and Class 4 should, as much as possible, be replaced by insecticides selective to O. submetallicus.

scholarly journals Organic products selectivity for Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Mello da Silva ◽  
Adeney de Freitas Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
International Organization ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Azadirachtin A ◽  
Beneficial Organisms

ABSTRACT: The selectivity of different insecticides, fungicides and fertilizers used in organic soybean cropping was evaluated according to the protocols proposed by the Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms Working Group of the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) concerning adults and pupae of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under laboratory conditions. Treatments 1) baculovirus anticarsia 140 x 109 cpi; 2) Bacillus thuringiensis 16.8 g; 3) azadirachtin-A, azadirachtin-B, nimbina and salamina 9.6 ppm; 4) rotenoids 4% 4 L; 5) nitrogen 1.3%, phosphorus 3.0% and total organic carbon 8.0% 3 L; 6) sodium silicate 2% 4 L; 7) copper 7% + calcium 3.3% 1.8 L; 8) sulfur 20% + quicklime 10% 1.8 L were in general safe (class 1) to both adults and pupae of T. pretiosum . Differently, chlorpyrifos (control treatment) was harmful to this parasitoid. Therefore, the utilization of the tested natural derived products in the production of organic soybean is viable, without impairing the natural biological control allowed by T. pretiosum . Furthermore, both management techniques can indeed be used together in organic cropping aiming at reaching increasing or complementary control of target pests. Chlorpyrifos use, on the other hand, whenever possible, should be replaced by other products more compatible with biological control preservation.

Efeito de Óleos Essenciais Sobre Estágios Imaturos de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 80
Author(s):  
Douglas Silva Parreira ◽  
Francisco Andreas Rodrigues Dimaté ◽  
Lorena Duarte Batista ◽  
Humberto Corrêa Bomfim Ribeiro ◽  
Rafael Eugênio Guanabens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Glass Tubes

O manejo integrado de pragas prioriza o uso de táticas de controle, que reduzam o impacto ambiental causado pelo uso maciço e incorreto de produtos químicos sintéticos. A preservação e liberação de inimigos naturais, nos campos agrícolas, e a descoberta de novas moléculas com efeito inseticida extraídas de espécies vegetais têm obtido bons resultados no controle de pragas. Porém, o efeito do uso conjunto dessas táticas de controle é pouco explorado. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de óleos botânicos sobre os estágios imaturos de Trichogramma pretiosum em laboratório. Ovos de A. kuehniella colados em cartelas de papel foram expostos a fêmeas, previamente individualizadas, em tubos de vidro durante 24h. Decorrido esse período, os ovos supostamente parasitados foram mergulhados em soluções de óleo essenciais (Allium sativum, Mentha piperita e Syzygium aromarticum), inseticida lambda-cialotrina (testemunha positiva) e etanol (testemunha negativa) durante 5 segundos, secos à sombra por trinta minutos e colocados em tubos de vidro. Os tubos foram mantidos em câmara climatizada a 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% de UR e fotoperíodo de 12 h. Os óleos essenciais de A. sativum, M. piperita and S. aromarticum e o inseticida lambda-cialotrina foram levemente tóxicos (classe 2) a pupas de T. pretiosum. A razão sexual não foi afeta por nenhum composto classificando-os como inócuo (classe 1). Os óleos e o inseticida testado podem ser utilizados em associação com T. pretiosum, desde que os protocolos de seletividade ecológica sejam respeitados.Palavras-chave: Produtos naturais, parasitóide de ovos, seletividade.AbstractIntegrated pest management prioritizes the use of control tactics that reduce the environmental impact caused by the massive and incorrect use of synthetic chemicals. The preservation and release of natural enemies in agricultural fields and the discovery of new molecules with insecticidal effect extracted from plant species, have obtained good results in pest control. However, the effect to the use in joint of these control tactics is little explored. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of botanical oils on the immature stages of Trichogramma pretiosum in the laboratory. Eggs of Anticarsia kuehniella glued on paper plates were exposed to previously individualized females in glass tubes for 24 hours. After this period, the supposedly parasitized eggs were immersed in essential oil solutions (Allium sativum, Mentha piperita and Syzygium aromarticum), lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide (positive control) and ethanol (negative control) for 5 seconds, dried in the shade for 30 minutes and placed in glass tubes. The tubes were kept in an air-conditioned chamber at 25 ± 2°C, 70 ± 10% HR and 12-h photoperiod. The essential oils of A. sativum, M. piperita and S. aromarticum and lambda-cyhalothrin insecticide were slightly toxic (class 2) to T. pretiosum pupae. The sex ratio was not affected by any compound by classifying them as innocuous (class 1). The oils and insecticide tested can be used in association with T. pretiosum, since the ecological selectivity protocols are respected.Keywords: Natural products, egg parasitoid, selectivity.

scholarly journals Selectivity of insecticide use in soybean crop to the predator Podisus nigrispinus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Dos Santos Stecca ◽  
Débora Mello da Silva ◽  
Adeney De Freitas Bueno ◽  
Amarildo Pasini ◽  
Marlon Dias Denez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Adult Survivors ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Class 1

The selectivity of different insecticides to nymphs and adults of Podisus nigrispinus was evaluated in this study. Tests were carried out in the laboratory according to IOBC standard protocol. We evaluated different active ingredients that were applied using a Potter tower. Insect survival was assessed at 24-hour intervals for up to five days after exposure to treatments. Adult survivors of each treatment were assigned to breeding-pairs to evaluate possible effects on fertility. The pyrethroids bifenthrin, zeta-cypermethrin, beta-cyfluthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltamethrin alone or in mixtures with neonicotinoids and diamides, such as beta-cyfluthrin + imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxan and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, as well as the organophosphate, chlorpyrifos, were the most harmful (class 4 classification) insecticides for the preservation of P. nigrispinus for both nymph and adult predators. Conversely, the insecticide growth regulators (IGRs) lufenuron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron, tebufenozide and novaluron were classified as harmful (class 4) only for P. nigrispinus nymphs. These products were classified as harmless (class 1) and slightly harmful (class 2) for adult predators. Among the evaluated products, the most selective for P. nigrispinus were those belonging to the spinosyns (spinosad and spinetoram) and the diamides group (flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole), which were classified as harmless (class 1) and slightly harmful (class 2) for both P. nigrispinus nymphs and adults. Next, the most selective product was methoxyfenozide, which ranged between slightly harmful (class 2) and moderately harmful (class 3) to nymphs and harmless (class 1) to adults of the natural enemy.

scholarly journals Selectivity of chlorantraniliprole and lambda-cyhalothrin to the egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Gabriela Vieira Silva ◽  
Adeney De Freitas Bueno ◽  
Bruna Magda Favetti ◽  
Pedro Manuel Oliveira Janeiro Neves
Keyword(s):  
Positive Control ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Crop Development ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Telenomus Podisi

Soybean plants host a diverse complex of pest insects, which can occur simultaneously during crop development. Thus, the use of egg parasitoids for the management of Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) depends on the selectivity of the pesticides to the stink bug. Thus, the selectivity of the active ingredients chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin to the parasitoid Telenomus podisi (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae) was evaluated. The bioassays were carried out under controlled conditions (27 ± 2 ºC and 50 ± 10% relative humidity) for the pupal and adult phases of the parasitoid. The design was completely randomized, with 10 treatments and five replicates composed of the insecticides chlorantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin in different doses, as well as a negative control using water and a positive control using chlorpyrifos. We used a Potter Tower for the applications, and evaluations were carried out 24, 72, and 120 hours after the applications. Experimental methods and analyses to determine the harmfulness of the products to the insects were in accordance with International Organization for Biological Control standards. Chlorantraniliprole, at all doses tested, was less harmful to the parasitoid, especially in the adult phase; the doses were classified as class 1. The chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture at its highest dose was classified as class 4, at 72 and 120 hours after application. For the pupal phase of the parasitoid, there were no significant differences, and the products were classified as class 1, except for the highest dose of chlorantraniliprole, which classified as class 2, at 24 hours after application. Thus, chlorantraniliprole can be considered a tool in the management of soybean pests. Its selectivity to T. podisi under the conditions tested presents low or no negative interference when sprayed on pupae and adults. However, the chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin mixture should be used with caution, respecting the time of application and the recommended doses, as it interferes negatively in the development of the parasitoid and should be replaced when possible.

scholarly journals Effect of increasing rate of insecticides on its selectivity for Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Laiz Mora Grande ◽  
Érica Caroline Braz ◽  
Adeney De Freitas Bueno ◽  
Débora Mello da Silva ◽  
Ana Paula De Queiroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Negative Effect

The present study evaluated the effect of different rates of chlorantraniliprole, chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, spinosad, and chlorfenapyr on their selectivity for the pupae and adults of Trichogramma pretiosum. The negative effect of majority of the insecticides tested on most of the parasitoids was directly proportional to the rate of the insecticide applied. Chlorantraniliprole at a rate of 10 g a.i. ha-1 was classified as harmless (class 1) to both pupae and adults of the parasitoid. The effect of chlorantraniliprole at a rate of 20 to 50 g a.i. ha-1 varied from harmless (class 1) to slightly harmful (class 2) to the adults of T. pretiosum. Chlorantraniliprole 10 + lambda-cyhalothrin at 5 g a.i. ha-1 was classified as harmless (class 1) to the pupae and moderately harmful (class 3) to the adults of T. pretiosum. On the contrary, the highest rate of chlorantraniliprole 50 + lambda-cyhalothrin tested (i.e., 25 g a.i. ha-1) was classified as slightly harmful (class 2) to the pupae and harmful (class 4) to the adults of the parasitoid. Similarly, increasing the application rate of spinosad and chlorfenapyr also exhibited an increase in toxicity. Spinosad at a rate of 24 g a.i. ha-1 was classified as slightly harmful (class 2) and harmless (class 1) to the pupae and adults of T. pretiosum, respectively. Spinosad at 96 g a.i. ha-1 was classified as both moderately harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4) to the pupae of the parasitoid. Chlorfenapyr at a rate of 192 g a.i. ha-1 was classified as both slightly harmful (class 2) and moderately harmful (class 3) to the pupae of T. pretiosum, whereas chlorfenapyr at 336 g a.i. ha-1 was categorized as slightly harmful (class 3) and harmful (class 4) to the pupae. These results indicate that an increase in the rate of insecticide affected T. pretiosum negatively. Therefore, higher insecticide rates should only be adopted when strictly necessary to control the target pest, because they might compromise the biological pest control process in the field.

scholarly journals Cold storage and gamma irradiation of Sitotroga cerealella Olivier eggs (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in relation to the success of parasitism by Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Naglaa F. Abdel-Hameid ◽  
I. R. M. Elzoghby ◽  
A. L. Mehany ◽  
W. A. A. Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Sitotroga Cerealella ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Angoumois Grain Moth ◽  
Rearing Techniques ◽  
The Times

AbstractThe performance of parasitism by the egg parasitoid, Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) on eggs of Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella Olivier (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) was investigated under cold storage and gamma irradiation treatments of the host eggs. Cold storage treatment could improve the parasitoid mass rearing techniques and reduced the costs of biological control programs, while gamma irradiation might be used as a supplementary support at the times of high demand. The suitability of the S. cerealella eggs, stored at – 20 °C for 0.5, 1, or 2 h. as a host for T. evanescens was evaluated. The sensitivity of S. cerealella eggs to gamma irradiation treatments and the acceptability of irradiated eggs for parasitism by T. evanescens females for the parental P and F1 generations were examined. The results revealed that parasitism was drastically reduced more than adult’s emergence and sex-ratio (% of females) after cold storage periods of S. cerealella eggs. Moreover, the parasitism percentages were relatively reduced to (97.1, 96.1, 93.03, and 92.7 %) after irradiating the S. cerealella eggs at 40, 60, 80, and 100 Gy, respectively than the control (97.3% emergence). The percentages of emergence and females’ percent were slightly decreased by gamma irradiation doses, while, equal preferred by the F1 generation of parasitoid that produced from irradiated S. cerealella eggs.

scholarly journals Selectivity of pesticides registered for soybean crop on Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Zantedeschi ◽  
Anderson Dionei Grützmacher ◽  
Juliano de Bastos Pazini ◽  
Flávio Amaral Bueno ◽  
Larissa Longaray Machado
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Stink Bug ◽  
Trissolcus Basalis ◽  
Glufosinate Ammonium ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Telenomus Podisi ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

ABSTRACT The use of pesticides in the soybean crop may impair the biological control, if the products are not selective to Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus basalis, which are important stink bug egg parasitoids. This study aimed to assess the selectivity of 15 pesticides registered for soybean crop on adults of T. podisi and T. basalis. Three laboratory bioassays were performed, totaling 18 treatments, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. The insecticides (g or mL of a.i.) imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (0.25 + 0.03), deltamethrin (0.06), thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (0.27 + 0.35), acephate (1.87) and fenitrothion (1.25) are harmful to both parasitoids species. Flubendiamide (1.20), diflubenzuron (2.00), Bacillus thuringiensis (0.08) and lufenuron (0.12) are innocuous to both parasitoids. The fungicides azoxystrobin + flutriafol (0.31 + 0.31), trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole (0.37 + 0.44), pyraclostrobin + metconazole (0.33 + 0.12) and trifloxystrobin + cyproconazole (0.94 + 0.40) are innocuous to T. podisi, but slightly harmful to T. basalis. The herbicides glufosinate ammonium salt (0.50) and glyphosate isopropylamine salt (1.20) are innocuous to both parasitoids.

scholarly journals Impulsive Biological Pest Control Strategies of the Sugarcane Borer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marat Rafikov ◽  
Alfredo Del Sole Lordelo ◽  
Elvira Rafikova
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Floquet Theory ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Sugarcane Borer ◽  
Impulsive Release

We propose an impulsive biological pest control of the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis) by its egg parasitoidTrichogramma galloibased on a mathematical model in which the sugarcane borer is represented by the egg and larval stages, and the parasitoid is considered in terms of the parasitized eggs. By using the Floquet theory and the small amplitude perturbation method, we show that there exists a globally asymptotically stable pest-eradication periodic solution when some conditions hold. The numerical simulations show that the impulsive release of parasitoids provides reliable strategies of the biological pest control of the sugarcane borer.

Diversity of Social Wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) in an Agricultural Environment in Bambuí, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Sociobiology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel De Castro Jacques ◽  
Marcos Magalhães Souza ◽  
Heslander Júnio Coelho ◽  
Lucas Oliveira Vicente ◽  
Luis Claudio Paterno Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Social Wasp ◽  
Social Wasps ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Biological Pest Control ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Agricultural Environment ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Long Term Survey

Studies on the diversity of social wasps in agricultural environments represent an important step to identifying the ideal species to be used in biological pest control programs. There is a growing effort to acknowledge the diversity of such Hymenoptera in the state of Minas Gerais, but information on anthropized environments is still rare. The objective of this study was to obtain data on the diversity of social wasps in the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciências e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais (IFMG), Bambuí campus, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Sampling was conducted from July 2012 to July 2014 with two methodologies: attractive traps and active search. This work confirms that a well diversified environment, even if anthropized, is rich in social wasp species. In addition, the great number of collected species, shows the importance of a long-term survey and the use of more than one method of collection. The high rate of collections of Polistes versicolor in a predominantly agricultural environment, coupled with other studies on this species as a predator of lepidopteran caterpillars, suggests the use of this species as a tool in the biological control of pests.

scholarly journals Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides, used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia, on the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
M. Jamal Hajjar ◽  
M. Al-Masoud
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Insect Growth Regulator ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Trichogramma Cacoeciae ◽  
Class 1

Abstract Lethal and sublethal effects of ten insecticides commonly used in date palm production in Saudi Arabia were assessed in the laboratory against adults of Trichogramma cacoeciae, an important egg parasitoid of the dried fruit moth Ephestia calidella. Bioassays were conducted according to the standard protocol of the International Organization for Biological Control IOBC/WPRS/Working Group ‘Pesticides and Beneficial Organisms’. Our results showed that cypermethrin, deltamethrin, malathion, phenthoate, methomyl, and carbosulfan were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) to the parasitoid. The botanical insecticides azadirachtin and matrine were moderately harmful (IOBC Class 3) and slightly harmful (IOBC Class 2), respectively. The insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was slightly harmful, whereas bistrifluron was harmless (IOBC Class 1). Regarding sublethal effects, the parasitism ratios compared to control were reduced by pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin to 49.0% and 58.0%, respectively; hence they are classified as slightly harmful insecticides (IOBC Class 2). Bistrifluron and matrine were harmless (IOBC Class 1) as parasitism ratios were reduced by 9.2% and 27.6%, respectively. Longevity of adults exposed to bistrifluron and matrine (3.6 and 3.3 days, respectively) and to pyriproxyfen and azadirachtin (1.7 and 1.3 days, respectively) was significantly lower than that in control (4.67 days). In semi-field tests, residues of most insecticides on leaves of tomato, a common host plant of lepidopteran pests parasitized by T. cacoeciae, were considered moderately harmful to harmful based on parasitoid mortality at 24 h post-treatment whereas they were slightly harmful at 7 and 14 days post-treatment

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