scholarly journals The odd roots of Campylocentrum (Angraeciinae-Orchidaceae): an anatomical study of its morphologically variable roots

Rodriguésia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207-1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edlley Pessoa ◽  
Emília Arruda ◽  
Fillype Fernando da Silva Domingos Pereira ◽  
Marccus Alves
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Endodermal Cell ◽  
Anatomical Studies

Abstract Although some anatomical studies have been performed in Angraecinae, knowledge about the anatomy of the genus Campylocentrum is as yet incipient. The aim of this study is to anatomically characterize the structure of the different kinds of roots in the genus. Roots from 12 species were analyzed, including all the morphological variation in the genus (smooth and granulose surface). The leafless species are characterized by endovelamen, exodermal and endodermal cell walls thicker than in the leafy species. The species with terete leaves can be split in two groups: one constituting C. poeppigii, whose roots have a granulose surface produced by numerous unicellular, absorbent hairs; the second formed by six species from the Atlantic Forest. In this second group, the same granulose root appearance is produced by tufts of epivelamen in addition to the unicellular, absorbent root hairs. The other species in the genus, with conduplicate leaves, do not present a pattern for grouping. Some of them, such as C. serranum and C. micranthum, share a similar structure with the leafless species, but with thinner exodermal and endodermal cell walls. Other species, such as C. crassirhizum and C. jamaicense, are the only ones in the genus with ○-thickened cells in the exodermis.

scholarly journals Comparative anatomical study of the leg's nerves of Cebus (barbed capuchins) with baboons, chimpanzees and modern humans

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 113-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainá de Abreu ◽  
Gabriel A. Pfrimer ◽  
Roqueline A.G.M.F. Aversi-Ferreira ◽  
Lorraine D. Brandão ◽  
Rafael S. Maior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Organization ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automobile Accidents ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Clinical Procedures ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Similar Body

The anatomical comparative studies among the primates are important for the investigation of ethology, evolution, taxonomy, and comprehension of tools by hominoids. Especially the anatomical knowledge of Cebus contributes to conservation of the species, and to development of surgical procedures and clinical treatments of these animals, as they frequently are victims of automobile accidents. Recent anatomical studies came to a wrong conclusion regarding behavioral traits of Cebus, ascribed to few data available in previous literature. Therefore, to provide anatomical data and to support the other sciences related to anatomy, and to develop surgical and/or clinical procedures, we described the nerves of the legs of Cebus foccusing on their position and trajectory, as wll as innerved muscles, and compared these results with those of humans and other primates. Eight adult capuchin specimens were used for this study. The anatomical comparative study of the leg's nerves of Cebus demonstrated that, in general, structural organization of the nerves is similar among the four primates analyzed here (Cebus, chimpanzees, baboons and humans), which might be attributed to the fact that the all four primates have similar body structures. However, nerve trajectory and muscles innervation in Cebus was more similar to baboons.

scholarly journals A new species of Anemopaegma (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 219 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Fabiana Firetti Leggieri ◽  
DIEGO DEMARCO ◽  
LÚCIA G. LOHMANN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Palisade Parenchyma ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
A New Species

The Atlantic Forest of Brazil includes one of the highest species diversity and endemism in the planet, representing a priority for biodiversity conservation. A new species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is here described, illustrated and compared to its closest relatives. Anemopaegma nebulosum Firetti-Leggieri & L.G. Lohmann has been traditionally treated as a morph of Anemopaegma prostratum; however, additional morphological and anatomical studies indicated that A. nebulosum differs significantly from A. prostratum and is best treated as a separate species. More specifically, A. nebulosum is characterized by elliptic and coriaceous leaflets (vs. ovate to orbicular and membranaceous in A. prostratum), smaller leaflet blades (3.6–5.5 x 2.0–3.0 cm vs. 6.7–13.0 x 4.2–8.4 cm in A. prostratum), orbicular prophylls of the axillary buds (vs. no prophylls in A. prostratum), solitary flowers (vs. multi-flowered axillary racemes in A. prostratum) and a gibbous corolla (vs. infundibuliform corollas in A. prostratum). In addition, A. nebulosum differs from A. prostratum anatomically in having thicker leaflet blades composed of two to four layers of palisade parenchyma (vs. one to three layers in A. prostratum), and seven to eight layers in the spongy parenchyma (vs. six to eight layers in A. prostratum). A key for the identification of all species of Anemopaegma from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil is presented.

scholarly journals Morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Gnaphalieae: Asteraceae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Flann ◽  
Pauline Y. Ladiges ◽  
Neville G. Walsh
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Alpine Plants ◽  
The Other ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Low Altitude

A study of morphological variation in Leptorhynchos squamatus (Labill.) Less. across its range in south-eastern Australia was undertaken to test the hypothesis that L. squamatus includes two taxa. Phenetic pattern analyses of both field-collected and herbarium specimens on the basis of morphology confirmed two major groups. Bract, cypsela, pappus bristle and leaf characters were particularly important in separating the two groups. The taxa are separated by altitude differences with one being a low-altitude plant found in many habitats and the other being a high-altitude taxon that is a major component of alpine meadows. Lowland plants have dark bract tips, fewer and wider pappus bristles than alpine plants, papillae on the cypselas and more linear leaves. A somewhat intermediate population from the Major Mitchell Plateau in the Grampians shows some alpine and some lowland characters but is included in the lowland taxon. Seeds from five populations (two alpine, two lowland and Major Mitchell) were germinated and plants grown for 18 weeks under four controlled sets of environmental conditions. The experiment showed that leaf size and some other characters are affected by environmental conditions, but that there are underlying genetic differences between the lowland and alpine forms. Leptorhynchos squamatus subsp. alpinus Flann is described here to accommodate the highland taxon.

Root hair deformation in the infection process of Alnus rubra

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2863-2876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M. Berry ◽  
John G. Torrey
Keyword(s):  
Root Hair ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Pseudomonas Cepacia ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Root Hair Cell ◽  
Root Hair Deformation

Structural and cell developmental studies of root hair deformation in Alnus rubra Bong. (Betulaceae) were carried out following inoculation with the soil pseudomonad Pseudomonas cepacia 85, alone or in concert with Frankia, and using axenically grown seedlings. Deformational changes can be observed in elongating root hairs within 2 h of inoculation with P. cepacia 85. These growing root hairs become branched or multilobed and highly modified from the single-tip growth of axenic root hairs. The cell walls of deformed hairs are histologically distinctive when stained with the fluorochrome acridine orange. Filtrate studies using P. cepacia 85 suggest that the deforming substance is not a low molecular weight compound. Root hair deformation and the associated wall histology are host specific in that Betula root hairs show none of these responses when grown and inoculated in the experimental conditions described. The bacterially induced changes in root hair cell walls during deformation may create a chemically and physically modified substrate for Frankia penetration, and the deformation itself may serve to entrap and enclose the filamentous organism, allowing wall dissolution and entry. Thus these events represent a complex host response as a precondition to successful nodulation.

scholarly journals Are orchid bees at risk? First comparative survey suggests declining populations of forest-dependent species

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Eastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Comparative Survey

The two largest Atlantic Forest remnants in the state of Espírito Santo, eastern Brazil, namely ‘Reserva Biológica de Sooretama’ (REBIO Sooretama) and ‘Reserva Natural Vale’ (RNV), were surveyed for their orchid-bee faunas. Seventeen scent baits were used to attract orchid-bee males. Three-thousand, two hundred and twenty-five males belonging to 24 species were actively collected with insect nets during 100 hours in March, April and December, 2009. In comparison with a previous study in the same area twelve years before, it is evident that the abundance of all forest-dependent orchid bees analysed declined around 50%, and it was statistically significant (P = 0.022) for Euglossa marianae Nemésio, 2011, the most sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances of all Atlantic Forest orchid bees. On the other hand, the abundance of populations of species tolerant to open or disturbed areas rose. Possible explanations are discussed.

scholarly journals Jaw Musculature of the Picini (Aves: Piciformes: Picidae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reginaldo José Donatelli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Muscle System ◽  
Old World ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Clear Association ◽  
Jaw Musculature ◽  
Eurasian Region

The Picini tribe comprises 25 Old World woodpecker species grouped into seven genera that are widely distributed in Asia and include several representatives from the Eurasian region. Given the absence of detailed anatomical studies of Picini in the literature, the purposes of this study were to describe the jaw musculature of 14 species of Picini in detail and to compare the musculature patterns of these species. The results of this analysis indicate the following: (1) there is a clear association between theventralis lateralisanddorsalis lateralismuscles through fleshy fibers that are connected in all species, (2) the jaw musculature of the genusPicusdiffers from that of other Picini genera in terms of the poor development of the protractor muscle system of the quadrate (M. protractor quadratiandM. protractor pterygoidei), (3) generally, theM. pseudotemporalis superficialisoriginates in the ventrocaudal region of the laterosphenoid (the lower part of the orbit), with the only noteworthy exception being an origin in the upper part of the orbit inDinopium javanense, and (4) theprotractor pterygoideimuscle is more developed inBlythipicus rubiginosus, Dinopium rafflesii,andD. javanensethan in the other species.

scholarly journals Cecidomyiidae (Diptera, Insecta): richness of species and distribution in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cid Maia
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Gall Midge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amazon Forest ◽  
Gall Midges ◽  
Species Origin ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Fauna Composition ◽  
Almost All

Abstract: Most Neotropical species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) have been described from Brazil, but a list of species with occurrence in the country has never been published. Little is known about their distribution and richness in the Brazilian phytogeographic domains. Additionally, a list of host plant species has never been gathered. The present study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provides an overview of this family in Brazil. For this, data were obtained mainly from the literature, but also from the Cecidomyiidae collection of Museu Nacional and two herbaria (RB and R). Based on the site "Flora do Brasil 2020", botanical names were updated and plant species origin and distribution were verified. A total of 265 gall midge species have been recorded in Brazil, most from the Atlantic Forest (183), followed by Cerrado (60), and Amazon Forest (29). The other phytogeographic domains shelter from five to ten species. Phytophagous gall midges occur on 128 plant species of 52 families, almost all native, being 43 endemic to Brazil (21 endemic to Atlantic Forest, five to Cerrado, and one to Amazon). Although, the taxonomical knowledge is focused on the Atlantic Forest, each domain has its own fauna composition and these informations can be useful for environmental conservational purposes. About 58% of the Brazilian fauna are known only from the type-locality. In order to fill these gaps, it is necessary and important to collect in uninvestigated areas.

Comparative morpho-anatomical studies of the female gonoduct within the Pratylenchidae (Nematoda: Tylenchina)

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Borgonie ◽  
Wim Bert ◽  
Ruben Van Gansbeke ◽  
Etienne Geraert ◽  
Myriam Claeys
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
The Other ◽  
Radopholus Similis ◽  
Cell Extension ◽  
Anatomical Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wall Cell ◽  
Ovarian Wall ◽  
Nacobbus Aberrans

AbstractThe cellular morphology of the gonoduct of six Pratylenchus species, three Pratylenchoides species, Radopholus similis, Zygotylenchus guevarai, Hirschmanniella loofi and Nacobbus aberrans was revealed by dissection and light microscopy. Except for Nacobbus aberrans, all studied species show an overall similarity in gonoduct construction, i.e., an ovary often ending with a ring of cells, an oviduct formed from two rows of four cells and a 12-celled spermatheca followed by a tricolumella containing 16-24 cells. Pratylenchoides magnicauda and Z. guevarai did not diverge from the other Pratylenchidae in this respect, although their gonoduct differs from that of Amplimerlinius and Meloidogyne, both formerly postulated as related genera. The spermatheca structure observed in N. aberrans has not been reported elsewhere in the Nematoda, although the uterus is similar to that reported within the Heteroderinae and Meloidogyninae and the uterus comprises more than 300 cells, enlarging from a tricolumella to a polycolumella. Transmission electron microscopy of Z. guevarai revealed details of the cytoplasmatic contact between epithelial cells and the germ cells; a finger-like ovarian wall cell extension was found penetrating the oocyte. The oviduct lacks a preformed lumen and comprises eight cells with highly plicated cell membranes. The spermatheca is constructed from flattened wall cells and is followed by columnar uterus cells where evidence of eggshell formation was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Natural history of the lizard Enyalius brasiliensis (Lesson, 1828) (Leiosauridae) from an Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Sluys ◽  
V. M. Ferreira ◽  
C. F. D. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
The Other ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Insect Larvae ◽  
Lizard Species ◽  
Food Items ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forest Leaf Litter

Information on the ecology of lizard species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is scarce and almost nothing is known about the ecology of lizards of the genus Enyalius. In this study, we provide information about some aspects of the natural history of E. brasiliensis from an area of Atlantic Forest in Ilha Grande, RJ. Enyalius brasiliensis (N = 15) feeds mainly on arthropods. The most frequent food items were insect larvae, orthopterans, and ants; in terms of volume, larvae and termites were the most important food items; ants and termites were the most numerous prey categories. Two females were reproductive (one had 10 and the other, five vitellogenic follicles); the smallest measured 92.4 mm in SVL. Seven lizards were found on forest leaf litter. The other microhabitats used were vines, fallen logs, branches, and a crevice on a slope.

Variation and change in instrument noun formation in Hebrew and its relation to the verbal system

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lior Laks
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Change ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prosodic Structure ◽  
Thematic Role ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Base Form ◽  
Thematic Relation

This paper examines morphological variation and change in the formation of instrument nouns in Hebrew. The change is always from one of the non-participle templates into a participle template and never the other way around. Nonetheless, not all instrument nouns (INs) change their template. I contend that the transition to the participle templates can be predicted based on systematic criteria. Such a change targets both morphological and thematic transparency between the IN and the related verb. Thematically, the participle IN corresponds to a thematic role that the verb assigns. The IN has to be agentive in order to be thematically transparent and undergo morphological change. The more transparent the thematic relation between the verb and the IN is, the greater the chance for morphological change. Morphologically, the formation of the participle form is also more transparent as it requires fewer changes between the verb and the IN. The only changes that occur are affixation and changing the vowels of the base verb, and the formation in the participle templates preserves the prosodic structure of the base verb. The analysis also provides further support to the stem modification theory and shows that the formation of the instrument noun is based on internal changes on the verbal base form without separate reference to the consonantal root.

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