Spatial distribution of tuberculosis in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in the state of Pará, Brazil, 2005-2013

Abstract Objective: To analyze the incidence of tuberculosis in indigenous and non-indigenous residents in the state of Pará from 2005-2013. Method: An ecological study was performed with data from SINAN, stratified for the 13 existing Regional Health Centers in Pará. The tuberculosis incidence rates were calculated for indigenous and non-indigenous populations in the 13 regions and maps were prepared to visualize the magnitude of the occurrence of tuberculosis. Results: Significant differences in the incidence of tuberculosis were found among non-indigenous and indigenous populations, reaching 7,812/100,000 inhabitants and 118/100,000 inhabitants respectively. Conclusion: Tuberculosis was distributed heterogeneously among the indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Moreover, it was possible to identify areas with high risk for this disease. It is important to note that knowledge about priority areas for tuberculosis control can help health service management to improve indicators that assess this disease and to develop different policies for indigenous peoples.

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Epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous populations

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053000362 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 53 ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Samara Vilas-Bôas Graeff ◽

Renata Palópoli Pícolli ◽

Rui Arantes ◽

Vivianne De Oliveira Landgraf de Castro ◽

Rivaldo Venâncio da Cunha

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Detection Rate ◽

Case Fatality ◽

The State ◽

Hiv And Aids ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological aspects of HIV infection and AIDS among indigenous peoples of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive epidemiological study on the occurrence and distribution of HIV infection and AIDS in the indigenous population assisted by the Distrito Sanitário Especial Indígena (Indigenous Special Health District) Mato Grosso do Sul between 2001 and 2014, based on three secondary databases. Annual rates of HIV and AIDS detection and prevalence were calculated, considering case distribution according to village, Health Base Pole and sociodemographic variables. Accumulated rates of detection, mortality and case fatality were calculated by ethnic group and for the Health Base Pole with the highest number of cases. RESULTS: The HIV detection rate fluctuated between 0.0 and 18.0/100 thousand people in the study period. For AIDS, there was no notification before 2007, but in 2012 its rate reached 16.6/100 thousand. HIV prevalence grew between 2001 and 2011, and it continuously grew for AIDS starting from 2007. The highest HIV detection rates occurred among Guarani peoples (167.1/100 thousand) and for AIDS, among the Kaiowá peoples (79.3/100 thousand); mortality and fatality rates were higher among the Kaiowá. Regarding the Dourados Health Base Pole, the AIDS detection rate increased, and the mortality and fatality rates decreased. CONCLUSIONS: HIV infection and AIDS have been increasing among indigenous peoples, with distribution of the disease mainly in the Health Base Poles of the southern region of the state, where greater economic and social vulnerability are also observed. The endemic character of HIV and AIDS can become epidemic in some years given the existence of cases in other villages in the state. Its occurrence among the Guarani and Kaiowá populations indicates the need for expanded diagnosis, access to treatment and prevention measures.

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Social and environmental inequities in dental caries among indigenous population in Brazil: evidence from 2000 to 2007

Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia ◽

10.1590/s1415-790x2013000300013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 692-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pedro Alves Filho ◽

Ricardo Ventura Santos ◽

Mario Vianna Vettore

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Age Groups ◽

Health Information System ◽

Indigenous Communities ◽

Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Dmft Index

This ecological study investigated the association between social and environmental inequities and dental caries among indigenous people in Brazil. Dental caries data were gathered from articles identified from electronic databases for the period between 2000 and 2007. Independent variables were obtained from the census of Health Information System for Sanitation Indigenous Populations. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to test the association between social and environmental characteristics and dental caries (DMFT index) according to the age group. Results were analyzed for 48 indigenous peoples from 19 selected studies. The occurrence of dental caries in particular age groups was inversely associated with the location of villages outside the Amazon region (12, 15 - 19, and 20 - 34 years), availability of electricity (15 - 19 and 20 - 34 years) and proportion of households covered with straw/thatch (20 - 34 years). The presence of schools was statistically associated with higher DMFT averages (15 - 19 and 20 - 34 years). It can be concluded that aspects of location and existing infrastructure in indigenous communities, which are linked to the availability of oral health services, are associated with the occurrence of dental caries in indigenous populations in Brazil.

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Epidemiological profile, temporal trend and geographic location of the occurrence of meningitis in Alagoas (2008-2017)

10.5327/1516-3180.289 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza ◽

Gibson Barros de Almeida Santana ◽

Antônio Leopoldo do Nascimento Gama Albuquerque ◽

Gabriel Monteiro Arnozo ◽

Isabella Cristinna da Silva Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Regression Model ◽

Social Impact ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

The State ◽

Capital City ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Background: Meningitis is a neuroinfection of multivariate etiologies, high morbidity and mortality and social impact. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile and analyze the trend and spatial distribution of meningitis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, in the period 2008-2017. Methods: The ecological study is based on confirmed processes of meningitis and deaths from disease. Data were collected from the National Notification System. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analyzed, such as incidence and mortality rates. The regression model was used as a regression model for inflection points. A spatial sample was performed by a local empirical model, followed by global and local Moran statistics. Confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5% were considered. Results: 1365 cases were reported to Alagoas state, 59.6% male, 60.7% aged up to 19 years and 89.8% brown. Regarding the clinical profile, standing out: bacterial meningitis (24.3%), serum group Y (14.0%) and diagnosis by chemocytology (32.7%). Inflation decreased from 4.97/100 thousand in 2008 to 3.23/100 thousand in 2017 (AAPC -7.3%; p <0.001). Growth rate in growing trend from 10.3% in 2008 to 15.85% in 2017 (AAPC 4.7%; p <0.001). The capital city of Maceió presented a greater exchange of notified cases (40.7%). The highest incidence rates are those of Marechal Deodoro (36.00 / 100 thousand) and Maragogi (29.63/100 thousand). The priority municipalities were in the eastern region. Conclusions: The study showed a reduction in the incidence of Meningitis and heterogeneous spatial distribution in the state of Alagoas.

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Making the Case for Genocide, the Forced Sterilization of Indigenous Peoples of Peru

Genocide Studies and Prevention ◽

10.5038/1911-9933.14.2.1740 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 90-103

Author(s):

Ñusta P Carranza Ko

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Health Program ◽

Reproductive Rights ◽

Minority Group ◽

The State ◽

Indigenous Women ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Genocide Convention ◽

Related Services ◽

Forced Sterilization

Peru’s national health program Programa de Salud Reproductiva y Planificación Familiar (PSRPF) aimed to uphold women’s reproductive rights and address the scarcity in maternity related services. Despite these objectives, during PSRPF’s implementation the respect for women’s rights were undermined with the forced sterilization of women predominantly of indigenous, poor, and rural backgrounds. This study considers the forced sterilization of indigenous women as a genocide. Making the case for genocide has not been done previously with this particular case. Using the normative markers of the Genocide Convention, this study categorically sets forced sterilization victims from the state-led-policy as victims of genocide, considering the effects the health malpractice had on victims’ reproductive rights and the prevention of births of future indigenous populations. In doing so, this study proves the genocidal intent from the state to destroy in whole or in part, an ethnic minority group.

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Distribution of the deaths from childhood and adolescent cancer across the regional health agencies from the Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil

Revista de Pesquisa Cuidado é Fundamental Online ◽

10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v12.7916 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 890-896

Author(s):

Aline Cerqueira Santos Santana da Silva ◽

Bianka Queiroz da Silva ◽

Rayssa Goulart Valente ◽

Virginia Maria de Azevedo Oliveira Knupp ◽

Leila Leontina do Couto Bárcia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Rio De Janeiro ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Health Agency ◽

Malignant Neoplasms ◽

Regional Health ◽

Adolescent Cancer ◽

Central Nervous System Cancer ◽

Health Agencies ◽

Janeiro State

Objective: The study’s main purpose has been to analyze the spatial distribution of deaths from malignant neoplasms in patients aged up to 19 years old across the regional health agencies of Rio de Janeiro State. Methods: This ecological study analyzed the spatial distribution of deaths from January to December 2015 through data of the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM) [Mortality Information System]. The data were tabulated in Tabnet and analyzed using the R statistical software. Results: Considering the 101 deaths observed, 24 (23.8%) were from central nervous system cancer. The Metropolitan I regional health agency had the highest death rates (63.3%), and Baixada Litorânea had the highest proportion of deaths from leukemia (27.9%). Conclusion: Identifying the most frequent deaths from malignant neoplasms makes it possible to formulate public policies aimed at prevention, diagnostics, and treatment consistent with the local reality.

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¿El perro: el mejor amigo del hombre? Las raíces americanas de la domesticación de España en las obras de Las Casas

Entrehojas: Revista de Estudios Hispánicos ◽

10.5206/entrehojas.v4i1.6147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Joshua M Pongan

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Indigenous Rights ◽

The State ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

State Of Exception ◽

Maximum Extension ◽

Las Casas ◽

Indigenous Groups ◽

Political Philosopher ◽

Traditional Image

Aunque la imagen tradicional de Las Casas es la del defensor de los indios, el enfoque en este aspecto de sus actividades filosóficas reduce y simplifica la extensión máxima de sus ideas. A través de su escritura, este fraile desarrolla una serie de conceptos que explican cómo el estado de excepción de los pueblos indígenas era el catalizador de la civilización de los españoles, el mismo grupo que pretendía civilizar a los indios. Este artículo examina la representación de lo canino en las obras de Las Casas como parte del proyecto civilizador no de los indios, sino de los españoles. Su presencia en la las obras de Las Casas sirvió para hacer hincapié en los mensajes que condenaban el comportamiento de los españoles en sus interacciones con los indígenas. En última instancia, lo que propone este trabajo es una nueva lectura de las obras de Las Casas que interpreta sus ideas no sólo como uno de los primeros defensores de los derechos indígenas, sino también como un filósofo político que reconoció la necesidad de entregarse al poder absolutista para poder salir de la brutalidad de la excepción que queda afuera de la sociedad. Although the traditional image of Las Casas is that of the defender of the indigenous peoples, the focus on this aspect of his philosophic activities reduces and simplifies that maximum extension of his ideas. Through his writing, Las Casas develops a series of concepts that explain how the state of exception of the indigenous populations was the catalyst of the actual civilization of the Spaniards, the very group that claimed to be civilizing the indigenous groups. This article examines the representation of the canine in the works of Las Casas as part of the civilizing project not of the Indians, but rather of the Spaniards. Its presence in the works of Las Casas emphasizes the messages that condemned the behavior of the Spaniards in their treatment of the Indians. Finally, this article proposes a new reading of Las Casas’ works that interprets his ideas not only as one of the first defenders of indigenous rights, but also as a political philosopher who understood the necessity to recognize a greater power to be able to overcome the brutality of the state of nature that exists outside of society.

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