Epidemiological profile, temporal trend and geographic location of the occurrence of meningitis in Alagoas (2008-2017)

Background: Meningitis is a neuroinfection of multivariate etiologies, high morbidity and mortality and social impact. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile and analyze the trend and spatial distribution of meningitis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil, in the period 2008-2017. Methods: The ecological study is based on confirmed processes of meningitis and deaths from disease. Data were collected from the National Notification System. Clinical and epidemiological variables were analyzed, such as incidence and mortality rates. The regression model was used as a regression model for inflection points. A spatial sample was performed by a local empirical model, followed by global and local Moran statistics. Confidence interval of 95% and significance of 5% were considered. Results: 1365 cases were reported to Alagoas state, 59.6% male, 60.7% aged up to 19 years and 89.8% brown. Regarding the clinical profile, standing out: bacterial meningitis (24.3%), serum group Y (14.0%) and diagnosis by chemocytology (32.7%). Inflation decreased from 4.97/100 thousand in 2008 to 3.23/100 thousand in 2017 (AAPC -7.3%; p <0.001). Growth rate in growing trend from 10.3% in 2008 to 15.85% in 2017 (AAPC 4.7%; p <0.001). The capital city of Maceió presented a greater exchange of notified cases (40.7%). The highest incidence rates are those of Marechal Deodoro (36.00 / 100 thousand) and Maragogi (29.63/100 thousand). The priority municipalities were in the eastern region. Conclusions: The study showed a reduction in the incidence of Meningitis and heterogeneous spatial distribution in the state of Alagoas.

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PERFIL EPIDEMIOLÓGICO DA LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL NO BRASIL NO PERÍODO DE 2007 A 2017; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS IN BRAZIL IN THE PERIOD FROM 2007 TO 2017

Revista de Patologia do Tocantins ◽

10.20873/uft.2446-6492.2020v7n4p29 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 29-33

Author(s):

NOELY DE CARVALHO LEITE ◽

Jordana Lucio Garcia ◽

Itamar Magalhães Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Epidemiological Surveillance ◽

Neglected Diseases ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Using Data ◽

Epidemiological Profile

RESUMO A Leishmaniose Visceral (LV) é uma antropozoonose generalizada, de evolução crônica e sistêmica, que, apesar de ser passível de tratamento e cura, possui elevadas taxas de incidência e letalidade. Tipicamente, afeta países subdesenvolvidos, com uma preferência pela população mais vulnerável socioeconomicamente, e possui ampla distribuição territorial, sendo o Brasil um dos principais países acometidos. Objetivo: analisar dados epidemiológicos da doença no país no período estabelecido. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico descritivo, realizado a partir de busca de dados de acesso livre do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2017. Resultados e discussões: No intervalo em questão, foram documentados 40.786 casos de LV, com uma variação pouco heterogênea entre os anos estudados. Destes, 2011 registrou o maior número de casos, contando com 4.039 registros. As populações mais afetadas incluem: sexo masculino (média de 2.362 casos/ano), faixa etária de 1-4 anos (média de 978 casos/ano), raça parda (média de 2.750 casos/ano) e baixa escolaridade – a maioria entre a primeira e a quarta série (média de 405 casos/ano). Além disso, excluindo-se os casos ignorados/brancos, 10% do total dos indivíduos apresentaram coinfecção da LV com HIV. A região Nordeste demonstrou maior incidência da doença, com 52,7% do total dos casos. O principal estado atingido é o Maranhão, que apresentou um número de 6.070 casos durante o período estudado. Conclusão: Considerando a relevância do alto número de casos apontados nesse trabalho, mostra-se necessária a implantação de políticas públicas voltadas para a prevenção da transmissão, busca ativa de casos e educação em saúde. Nesse quadro, para maior eficácia, deve existir integração entre vigilância epidemiológica e assistência clínica, acesso aos serviços, capacitação dos profissionais e empoderamento da população. Palavras-chave: Leishmaniose visceral; Epidemiologia; Doenças Negligenciadas; Zoonose. ABSTRACT Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is a generalised anthropozoonosis whose evolution is chronic and systemic, with high rates of incidence and mortality, even though it can be treated and cured. VL typically occurs in non-developed countries and affects preferentially the most socioeconomically vulnerable population. Brazil is one of the most affected countries from this disease. Objective: To analyse the epidemiological data on VL in Brazil regarding the study period. Methods: This is a descriptive epidemiological study using data obtained from the Brazilian Case Registry Database corresponding to the period between January 2007 and December 2017. Results: A total of 40,786 cases of VL were recorded for the study period, with slightly heterogeneous variation among the years. The highest number of cases stood at 4,039 in the year of 2011. The most affected populations were men (mean of 2,362 cases/year), children in the age group of 1-4 years (mean of 978 cases/year), Afro-descendant individuals (mean of 2,750 cases/year) and those with low educational level, that is, first to fourth year of elementary school (mean of 405 cases /year). Moreover, not considering the ignored/blank cases, 10% of all individuals were co-infected with HIV. The Brazilian north-eastern region has the highest incidence of the disease, with 52.7% of all cases. The State of Maranhão is the most affected as there were 6,070 cases in the study period. Conclusion: Considering the high number of cases of VL found in the present study, it is necessary to implement public policies aimed at preventing the transmission of the disease, actively seeking cases and providing health education. In this context, there should be integration among epidemiological surveillance, clinical care, access to services, qualification of professionals and empowerment of population. Key-words: Visceral leishmaniasis; Epidemiology; Neglected diseases; Zoonoses.

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Clinical-epidemiological profile of patients hospitalized with Multiple Sclerosis in the state of Sao Paulo

10.5327/1516-3180.541 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elton Marcio Marques Coelho ◽

Mônica Cardoso do Amaral ◽

João Mário Abrantes Aguiar Dourado ◽

Carla Jamile Jabar Menezes

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Average Length ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

High Morbidity ◽

São Paulo ◽

Average Length Of Stay ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Age Range

Introduction: Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that consists of the development of autoantibodies against the myelin sheath in neuronal axons causing demyelinating inflammatory sites. It is a disease currently incurable. Objectives: The objective was to describe the epidemiological clinical profile of patients hospitalized with MS in the State of São Paulo, in the period from 2011 to 2021. Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive and retrospective study, with quantitative analysis, whose source of data was the Information System for Notifiable Diseases, from the Ministry of Health. The data were tabulated in graphs and tables using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: 10,386 admissions of MS were reported in the state. Of the total cases, 67.4% occurred in females and 80.3% in race white. 43.5% of patients in the age group between 30 and 39 years. 94.4% were hospitalized on an elective basis. The average length of stay is between 3.3 days, with mortality rate representing 0.64% of the total. Conclusion: A higher prevalence was observed in the age range between 30 and 39 years and a predominance of hospitalizations among women. Although it is a disease with high morbidity and mortality, the mortality was low. It suggests that there are variables to be analyzed, such as a possible underreporting of this disease and also the advent of early diagnosis strategies and treatments that can modify the course of the disease, mitigating mortality.

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COVID-19 in socially vulnerable quilombola populations in Salvaterra, Pará, Eastern Amazon, Brazil

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.14420 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (08) ◽

pp. 1066-1073

Author(s):

Nelson Veiga Gonçalves ◽

João Simão De Melo Neto ◽

Selma Kazumi da Trindade Noguchi ◽

Andrey Silva Machado ◽

Alcindo Da Silva Martins Junior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Epidemiological Survey ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

National Registry ◽

Disease Notification ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Notification System ◽

Family Farmers ◽

Use Of Data ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: COVID-19 is a severe respiratory syndrome caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In Brazil the highest infection rates are associated with socially vulnerable populations. This study therefore sought to analyze the spatial distribution of the disease and its relation with geographic, socioeconomic and public health policy characteristics associated with quilombola communities in Salvaterra municipality, state of Pará, for the period of March to September, 2020. Methodology: This cross-sectional and ecological study used data from the Disease Notification System and the National Registry of Health Establishments of the Ministry of Health, the Income Transfer Registry of the Ministry of Citizenship and the 2010 census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Statistical and spatial analysis of the data was done through percentages of cases and Flow and Kernel map techniques. Results: Seventy-five notified cases of COVID-19 distributed among 7 quilombola communities in the municipality were analyzed. The epidemiological profile followed a national trend, with a higher percentage of cases among persons who were female, adults with low schooling levels, working as family farmers and with an outcome ending in recovery. The spatial distribution of the disease was not homogenous and showed clusters of cases and high incidence rates, especially in communities close to the municipal seat or to highways. Conclusions: The use of data analysis techniques was satisfactory for providing an understanding of the socioeconomic production of the disease in the areas studied. Accordingly, the need for intensifying epidemiological survey actions in the quilombola communities of the municipality is emphasized.

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Epidemiological profile, spatial distribution, and syphilis time series: a cross-sectional study in a Brazilian municipality

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.13780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 1462-1470

Author(s):

Carolina Matteussi Lino ◽

Maria da Luz Rosário de Sousa ◽

Marília Jesus Batista

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Congenital Syphilis ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Definition Of ◽

Epidemiological Profile

Introduction: Syphilis is an infectious disease of bacterial nature, acting on organs and/or systems. The increase in the number of cases worldwide has been of concern and the infection has been considered a public health problem. Given this scenario, this study evaluates the epidemiological profile, spatial distribution, and time series of the cases of acquired syphilis, syphilis in pregnant women, and congenital syphilis in a Brazilian municipality. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional and descriptive study with second data of the notified cases. For the definition of the population universe, an initial survey of syphilis cases notified in the municipality was carried out, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017. Results: There was an increase in the notified cases and the detection/incidence rates of syphilis. The epidemiological profile was composed of men (76.7%), adults (24.8%), white (60.4%), with eight or more years of study (53.7%) in addition to pregnant adolescents (36.7%) and young adults (26.0%), with inadequate treatment and untreated partners. A concentration of cases was identified in the regions with the lowest monthly income and the time series showed an increasing trend (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: Health actions should continue to improve access to diagnosis and to notification, focusing on treatment, cure and health education actions to control and prevent new cases.

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Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2020

Cancer Research and Treatment ◽

10.4143/crt.2020.203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (2) ◽

pp. 351-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kyu-Won Jung ◽

Young-Joo Won ◽

Seri Hong ◽

Hyun-Joo Kong ◽

Eun Sook Lee

Keyword(s):

Regression Model ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Linear Trend ◽

Cancer Control ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Cancer Site ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Control Programs ◽

Incidence Data ◽

Incidence And Mortality

PurposeThis study aimed to report the projected cancer incidence and mortality for the year 2020 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden.Materials and MethodsCancer incidence data from 1999 to 2017 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, and cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2018 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against observed years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the age-specific population. A <i>Joinpoint</i> regression model was used to determine the year in which the linear trend changed significantly; we only used the data of the latest trend.ResultsIn total, 243,263 new cancer cases and 80,546 cancer deaths are expected to occur in Korea in 2020. The most common cancer site is expected to be the lung, followed by the stomach, thyroid, colon/rectum, and breast. These five cancers types are expected to represent half of the overall burden of cancer in Korea. The most common type of cancer among people who die is expected to be lung cancer, followed by liver, colon/rectal, pancreatic, and stomach cancers.ConclusionThe incidence rates for all types of cancer in Korea are estimated to decrease gradually. These up-to-date estimates of the cancer burden in Korea could be an important resource for planning and evaluating cancer-control programs.

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Spatial distribution of tuberculosis in indigenous and non-indigenous populations in the state of Pará, Brazil, 2005-2013

Escola Anna Nery ◽

10.1590/2177-9465-ean-2017-0135 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Bárbara Lopes Paiva ◽

Jéssica Quelé Azeredo ◽

Laura Maria Vidal Nogueira ◽

Bruno de Oliveira Santos ◽

Ivaneide Leal Ataide Rodrigues ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Service Management ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

The State ◽

Health Centers ◽

Indigenous Populations ◽

Tuberculosis Control ◽

Regional Health

Abstract Objective: To analyze the incidence of tuberculosis in indigenous and non-indigenous residents in the state of Pará from 2005-2013. Method: An ecological study was performed with data from SINAN, stratified for the 13 existing Regional Health Centers in Pará. The tuberculosis incidence rates were calculated for indigenous and non-indigenous populations in the 13 regions and maps were prepared to visualize the magnitude of the occurrence of tuberculosis. Results: Significant differences in the incidence of tuberculosis were found among non-indigenous and indigenous populations, reaching 7,812/100,000 inhabitants and 118/100,000 inhabitants respectively. Conclusion: Tuberculosis was distributed heterogeneously among the indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Moreover, it was possible to identify areas with high risk for this disease. It is important to note that knowledge about priority areas for tuberculosis control can help health service management to improve indicators that assess this disease and to develop different policies for indigenous peoples.

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Taking the inner route: spatial and demographic factors affecting vulnerability to COVID-19 among 604 cities from inner São Paulo State, Brazil

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s095026882000134x ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 148 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

C. M. C. B. Fortaleza ◽

R. B. Guimarães ◽

G. B. de Almeida ◽

M. Pronunciate ◽

C. P. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Incidence Rates ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

The State ◽

São Paulo ◽

Early Introduction ◽

Paulo State ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

São Paulo State ◽

State Capital

Abstract Even though the impact of COVID-19 in metropolitan areas has been extensively studied, the geographic spread to smaller cities is also of great concern. We conducted an ecological study aimed at identifying predictors of early introduction, incidence rates of COVID-19 and mortality (up to 8 May 2020) among 604 municipalities in inner São Paulo State, Brazil. Socio-demographic indexes, road distance to the state capital and a classification of regional relevance were included in predictive models for time to COVID-19 introduction (Cox regression), incidence and mortality rates (zero-inflated binomial negative regression). In multivariable analyses, greater demographic density and higher classification of regional relevance were associated with both early introduction and increased rates of COVID-19 incidence and mortality. Other predictive factors varied, but distance from the State Capital (São Paulo City) was negatively associated with time-to-introduction and with incidence rates of COVID-19. Our results reinforce the hypothesis of two patterns of geographical spread of SARS-Cov-2 infection: one that is spatial (from the metropolitan area into the inner state) and another which is hierarchical (from urban centres of regional relevance to smaller and less connected municipalities). Those findings may apply to other settings, especially in developing and highly heterogeneous countries, and point to a potential benefit from strengthening non-pharmaceutical control strategies in areas of greater risk.

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Epidemiological profile of covid-19 in the state of espírito santo, brazil, from march 2020 to june 2021

Journal of Human Growth and Development ◽

10.36311/jhgd.v31.12770 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 507-520

Author(s):

Claudia Dobes Kawatake de Sousa ◽

Tassiane Cristina Morais ◽

Blanca Elena Guerrero Daboin ◽

Isabella Portugal ◽

Matheus Paiva Emidio Cavalcanti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Time Series ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Fatality ◽

Health Department ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

The State ◽

Espírito Santo ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Espirito Santo ◽

Second Wave

Introduction: coronavirus 2019 Disease (COVID-19) was quickly declared a pandemic, and Brazil is facing the most significant health and hospital crisis in its history. From March to June 2021 represented 50.8% of all deaths in the State of Espirito Santo. Objective: to analyze the lethality and mortality by COVID-19 in the State of Espirito Santo from March 2020 to June 2021. Methods: an ecological study was carried out, using a time series of public and official data available on the Health Department of the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Were considered information about cases and deaths (from March 2020 to June 2021) of COVID-19. Percentage case-fatality and mortality and incidence rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Time-series analyses were performed using the Prais-Winsten regression model, estimating the Daily Percent Change (DPC), and the trends were classified as flat, increasing, or decreasing. Significant differences were considered when p<0.05. Results: 524,496 confirmed cases of COVID-19 as of June 30, 2021, and 11,516 progressed to death. The presence of cardiovascular diseases represents more than half of confirmed comorbidities (54.37%) in patients with COVID-19, followed by diabetes (19.95%) and obesity (9.34%). Men had higher mortality and lethality, especially in older age groups, but the incidence was higher among women. A characteristic profile of two waves was observed; the first wave was extended from March to October 2020 and the second complete wave from November 2020 to June 2021. During the second wave, high peaks of incidence, lethality, and mortality were recorded. At the end of the second wave, the incidence rate remained with increasing trends (p < 0.05), with a DPC of 2.06%. Conclusion: the peak concentration of cases, deaths, and indicators of lethality, mortality evidenced even after one year of pandemic, characterizes the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic, still in entire evolution in the State Espirito Santo and Brazil.

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Research of the epidemiology on cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lungs as important components in the development of effective directions for increasing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical support for cancer patients

ScienceRise Pharmaceutical Science ◽

10.15587/2519-4852.2021.230346 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 72-80

Author(s):

Yurii Pulnyi ◽

Hanna Panfilova ◽

Ellona Shelkova ◽

Oleksandr Kabachnyi ◽

Vitaly Chernukha

Keyword(s):

Cancer Patients ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Female Patients ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Male Cohort ◽

Epidemiological Profile

The aim: to conduct epidemiological studies on cancer of the trachea, bronchi, lungs as important components in the development of effective directions for increasing the effectiveness of pharmaceutical support for cancer patients in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The study used data from special literature, which presents the results of research on cancer in different countries of the world and data from the National Cancer Registry from 2014-2019 by indicators of morbidity and mortality of the population of Ukraine from cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs, including by gender. General theoretical (historical, analytical-comparative, systemic, graphic, logical, hypothetical-deductive) and applied (mathematical-statistical, epidemiological) research methods were used. Results. It was found that during 2014-2018 in terms of morbidity and mortality of the population from cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs in Ukraine, there was a positive dynamics of decline. So, in terms of incidence rates, which are standardized by WHO in 2018, the data decreased compared to 2014 by 8.4 %, and according to the “Ukrainian standard” – by 7.0 %. Mortality rates, which were standardized by WHO, decreased in 2018 compared to 2014 by 12.1 %, and those presented according to the “Ukrainian standard” – by 11.1 %. It was proved that the average data on morbidity and mortality of male patients were 6.2 and 7.4 times higher than in the same data for female patients. The different nature of changes in morbidity and mortality rates of patients in accordance with their gender in the dynamics of years has been established. So, for the female cohort of patients, the incidence and mortality rate from cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs during 2014-2018 had a complex zigzag character of changes, and in 2019, compared with the data of 2014, they increased by 22.54 % and 23.6 %, respectively. In the male cohort of patients, we observed a positive trend towards a decrease in mortality during 2014-2019. So, in 2019, these indicators reached their minimum and were equal to 57.0 and 44.0 cases per 100 thousand population. According to the data of 2019, the incidence and mortality of men from cancer of the trachea, bronchi and lungs relative to the data of 2014 decreased by 21.4 % and 25.0 %, respectively. It looks encouraging that there was relatively little fluctuation during 2014-2019 epidemiological indicators, both in general for the entire population of patients and female patients. Conclusions. The established characteristics and trends in the formation of the onco-epidemiological profile of the country's population for trachea, bronchus and lung cancer in dynamics over the years necessitate further research, taking into account changes in the main demographic indicators development of society

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Epidemiological profile of the homeless population assisted by voluntary initiative and the social impact on access to healthcare: an investigative study in Curitiba, Brazil

10.29328/journal.jcmhs.1001010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 015-020

Author(s):

Gomes Rafael Senff ◽

de Lima Passoni Luiza Cardoso ◽

Sirigatti Ricardo ◽

Cavassin Francelise Bridi

Keyword(s):

Social Impact ◽

Homeless People ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Capital City ◽

Homeless Population ◽

Urban Centers ◽

The Social ◽

Voluntary Initiative ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

The Impact

Objective: The study aimed to describe the epidemiological profile of the homeless population and report the social impact on healthcare services provided by a voluntary initiative during one-year of follow-up. Method: This is an investigational study, carried out in an important capital-city of southern Brazil, which included 509 individuals in 2019. Findings were divided into three segments: sociodemographic, substance use/abuse and impact on healthcare. Results: The sociodemographic profile found was predominantly male, white, single, heterosexual, educated in elementary or high school, in regular use of legal and/or illegal substances, and living as homeless for less than a year. The impact of assistance provided on the perception of individuals who returned in subsequent actions was evident. Conclusion: The significant increase in the number of homeless people in large urban centers can benefit from the support of non-profit organizations to address the deficiencies faced in accessing basic health services. Based on this, we seek to advance in the development of new policies that improve local healthcare for the vulnerable population, to be more assertive to their needs.

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