Heat treatment and germination of seeds of interspecific hybrid between American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortes) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

The oil palm (E. guineensis ) is the African origin and the world's leading source of vegetable oil. The interspecific hybridization of the African oil palm (E. guineensis) with American oil palm (E. oleifera) aims to improve resistance to diseases, to improve oil quality and lower plant height. EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research) has developed the first Brazilian interspecific hybrid cultivar (HIE) between American oil palm and African oil palm. The procedures adopted for commercial seed germination assessment have shown an average germination rate of 32%. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the period of heat treatment and seed water content that are ideal for breaking dormancy and obtaining maximum germination. A completely randomized design was adopted, in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with four ranges of moisture contents: 18-19; 19-20; 20-21 and 21-22%, and three periods of heat treatment: 55, 75 and 100 days, with three replicates of 500 seeds. The percentage of germination, the first count and the germination speed index were assessed. To break dormancy and germination, the hybrids seeds of HIE, oleifera versus guineensis, should have their water content adjusted to values between 19 and 22%, and be subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 39 ± + 1 ºC and relative humidity of approximately 75% for 75 days.

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Reassessment of the Genome Size in Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera, and Its Interspecific Hybrid

Genomics Insights ◽

10.4137/gei.s15522 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. GEI.S15522 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Julceia Camillo ◽

André P. Leão ◽

Alexandre A. Alves ◽

Eduardo F. Formighieri ◽

Ana L.s. Azevedo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Size ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Parental Species ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Gc Content ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Hybrid Genome ◽

Size Estimates ◽

African Oil Palm

Aiming at generating a comprehensive genomic database on Elaeis spp., our group is leading several R&D initiatives with Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) and Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm), including the whole-genome sequencing of the last. Genome size estimates currently available for this genus are controversial, as they indicate that American oil palm genome is about half the size of the African oil palm genome and that the genome of the interspecific hybrid is bigger than both the parental species genomes. We estimated the genome size of three E. guineensis genotypes, five E. oleifera genotypes, and two interspecific hybrids genotypes. On average, the genome size of E. guineensis is 4.32 ± 0.173 pg, while that of E. oleifera is 4.43 ± 0.018 pg. This indicates that both genomes are similar in size, even though E. oleifera is in fact bigger. As expected, the hybrid genome size is around the average of the two genomes, 4.40 ± 0.016 pg. Additionally, we demonstrate that both species present around 38% of GC content. As our results contradict the currently available data on Elaeis spp. genome sizes, we propose that the actual genome size of the Elaeis species is around 4 pg and that American oil palm possesses a larger genome than African oil palm.

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Physicochemical characterization of bunches from American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) and their hybrids with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v67n1.62028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 170-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Chaves ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto- Moreno ◽

Daniel Gerardo Cayon-Salinas

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽

African Oil Palm

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las características físicas y químicas de racimos de genotipos de Elaeis oleifera y de sus híbridos interespecíficos OxG con Elaeis guineensis, determinando los componentes y el potencial del aceite del racimo, y la calidad de los aceites, analizando el contenido de ácidos grasos, vitamina E y carotenos. En el estudio se utilizaron racimos provenientes de inflorescencias sin polinización asistida con la presencia perimetral de E. guineensis. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres unidades experimentales, cada una conformada por tres racimos. Los mayores cuajados del fruto se encontraron en el genotipo de E. oleifera Sinú (76,53 %) y el híbrido OxG II (72,64 %). Los potenciales de extracción de aceite fueron superiores en los materiales híbridos OxG destacándose el II (20,82 %). Las palmas E. oleifera presentaron mejores perfiles de ácidos grasos, destacándose los materiales del genotipo Sinú (79,1 % de ácidos grasos insaturados) y los del híbrido II (70,2 %). Para el contenido de vitamina E se confirmó la alta calidad del aceite de los materiales de E. oleifera, sobresaliendo el genotipo Coarí (1.006,7 ppm) y el híbrido II (1.549,6 ppm); el material del genotipo Sinú registró el mayor contenido de carotenos totales (1.524,7 ppm).

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Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.55565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez ◽

Iván Ochoa-Cadavid ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Potential ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Dry Season ◽

Wet Season ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Photosyn Thesis

Elaeis guineensis palms and its interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) were planted in 2004 in the Cuernavaca farm of Unipalma S.A., located in the municipality of Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The palms were planted in two fields: Mecasaragua and Aurora. The first field has never been irrigated, and the second one (Aurora) has always been flood-irrigated during the dry season according to the parameters of the plantation. In this study, physiological parameters (gas exchange and water potential) were assessed in three seasons of the year 2013 (dry season, dry-to-wet transition season and wet season). Significant gas exchange differences were found among the seasons in the field with no irrigation (Mecasaragua). Likewise, differences between the genetic materials were observed during the dry season. For example, the photosyn thesis decreased by 75% compared with the palms planted in the irrigated field. No differences among seasons or materials were found in the irrigated field (Aurora). E. guineensis palms were more sensitive to water stress compared with the OxG interspecific hybrid. Both genetic materials responded rapidly to the first rains by leveling their photosynthetic rates and demonstrated an excellent capacity to recover from water stress.

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Phenology of the oil palm interspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162012000400007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Paola Hormaza ◽

Eloina Mesa Fuquen ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Elaeis Oleifera

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High-Oleic Palm Oil (HOPO) Production from Parthenocarpic Fruits in Oil Palm Interspecific Hybrids Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020290 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 290

Author(s):

Hernán Mauricio Romero ◽

Edison Daza ◽

Iván Ayala-Díaz ◽

Rodrigo Ruiz-Romero

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Fatty Acid Content ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

High Oleic ◽

Seedless Fruits

Interspecific OxG hybrids of African palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and the American palm Elaeis oleifera Cortes produce high-oleic palm oil (HOPO) with low saturated fatty acid content. OxG hybrids are highly productive, grow slowly, and are resistant to bud rot disease. However, OxG hybrid pollen presents low viability and germinability, so assisted pollination is a must. Hybrids can produce parthenocarpic or seedless fruits, with the exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Thus, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) effects on parthenocarpic fruits induction, bunch formation, and oil quality were evaluated. The OxG hybrid Coari x La Mé was used. NAA doses, frequency, number of applications, and the phenological stages for the treatments were defined. A total dose of 1200 mg L−1 NAA applied three or four times produced bunches with better fruit set, similar average bunch weight, and oil to dry mesocarp than those obtained with assisted pollination. At a semi-commercial scale, 1200 mg L−1 NAA induced bunches that consisted of 93% or more of seedless fruits. Bunch number (2208 ± 84 versus 1690 ± 129) and oil to bunch (32.2 ± 0.7 versus 25.3 ± 0.8) were higher in the NAA induced bunches than in the assisted pollination. However, the average bunch weight was lower (12.2 ± 0.4 versus 14.9 ± 0.6). NAA increased oil to bunch in 36% (8.7 ± 0.1 versus 6.4 ± 0.3). Thus, with this technology, it is plausible to reach more than 10 tons per hectare per year of HOPO. Potentially, without increasing the planted oil palm area, OxG hybrids and NAA applications could alone meet the world’s fats and oil demands.

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In vitro embryo rescue of interspecific hybrids of oil palm (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis)

Journal of Biotechnology and Biodiversity ◽

10.20873/jbb.uft.cemaf.v2n2.alves ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sergio Augusto Oliveira Alves ◽

Oriel Filgueira de Lemos ◽

Benedito Gomes dos Santos Filho ◽

André Luís Lopes da Silva

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Activated Charcoal ◽

Interspecific Hybrids ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Embryo Rescue ◽

Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽

Ms Medium ◽

Elaeis Oleifera

The oil palm (Elaeis guineennsis Jacq.) is the plant with major oil yield in tropical areas over the world. Pará state is the major producer of Brazil. However, the production of resistant hybrids (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guinennsis) to several diseases is necessary, in spite of less productive, is a viable alternative for areas where occur more aggressive diseases. The aim of this research was to rescue in vitro embryos of four varieties of interspecific hybrids of oil palm (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) in different media. Four varieties were tested: (1) Cj-2141; (2) CI-2061; (3) Cj-502 and (4) Cj-494. Four media were tested: (T1) half strength MS medium (½ MS), (T2) MS, (T3) MS + 0.5mg L-1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and (T4) ½ MS+ 0.5mg.L-1 NAA and BAP. All media were supplemented with 0.17g.L-1 NaH2PO4, activated charcoal (0.25%), sucrose (3%) and solidified with phytagel (0.2%). The most germination rate of interspecific hybrids embryos was obtained on ½ MS medium, supplemented with 0.17g.L-1 NaH2PO4, activated charcoal (0.25%), sucrose (3%) and solidified with phytagel (0.2%). The variety CI-2061 presents the best capacity to develop normal seedlings.

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Heat-treatment and germination of oil palm seeds (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/s2317-15372013000300004 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 296-301 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Márcia Green ◽

Wanderlei Antonio Alves Lima ◽

Antenor Francisco de Figueiredo ◽

André Luiz Atroch ◽

Ricardo Lopes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Statistical Design ◽

Natural Conditions ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽

Seeds Germination ◽

Low Rate

Under natural conditions the germination of oil palm seeds may take years, and it is usually uneven and has a very low rate. To increase the germination rate it is necessary to break the dormancy, through heat-treatment (HT). In the germination of oil palm seeds produced by Embrapa Western Amazon the HT used is at 40 °C during 80 days. The objective of this study was to evaluate the periods of 40, 50, 60 and 80 days of HT at 40 °C on seeds germination of six oil palm cultivars BRS C2001, BRS C2328, BRS C2501, BRS C2528, BRS C3701 and BRS C7201. The statistical design was randomized block, 6 x 4 factorial, with four replications of 500 seeds each. The minimum HT period for maximum germination ranged from 45 days for BRS C2328 (70%) to 80 days for BRS C2528 (84%). For BRS C7201 was not observed significant effect of the HT period for seed germination, estimated as 82%. The maximum germination of oil palm seeds varies with the duration of heat treatment. With the exception of cultivar BRS C2528, heat treatment may be less than 80 days.

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Photosynthetic activity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis), and response of hybrids to water deficit

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 110263

Author(s):

Wilmer Tezara ◽

Tania S. Torres Domínguez ◽

Daniel W. Loyaga ◽

Rene Nazareno Ortiz ◽

Víctor H. Reynel Chila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Elaeis Oleifera

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Physiological and agronomic behavior of commercial cultivars of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and OxG hybrids (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) at rainy and dry seasons

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.19.13.03.p1354 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽

pp. 424-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristihian Jarri Bayona Rodriguez ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Extreme Weather Events ◽

Oilseed Crop ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Dry Seasons

Oil palm is the most productive and efficient oilseed crop in the world. Oil palm is planted in various geographical areas, where the frequency of extreme weather events is expected to increase because of climate change. The characterization of the response of oil palm cultivars to climatic conditions will allow identifying sources of tolerance to different types of stress caused by climate change, leading to the determination of the best genotype x environment relationships. The physiological responses, oil quality and yield of 11, six-year-old commercial oil palm cultivars with different origins were evaluated in two periods of contrasting climate conditions (rainy and dry seasons between the years 2008 and 2010). We found that the first impact of a period with water deficit was the reduction on gas exchange of all cultivars. Photosynthesis fell between 25% to 40% and transpiration decreased between 10% and 50%. During the dry season, leaf sugar concentration increased respect to the rainy season between 14% to 114%, and certain cultivars showed up to 27% higher photosynthetic water use efficiency. This variation could be due to the genetics of different cultivars. No significant differences were observed between the seasons in terms of oil quality. In general, changes in oil palm physiology observed in response to water deficit were related to the ability of the palm to adapt and survive periods of drought stress. The cultivars evaluated showed a good response to dry periods, with the IRHO being the most outstanding at each evaluated season .

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Mite (Arachnida: Acari) diversity and abundance on oil palms in the central region of the Brazilian Amazonia

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.9.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1736-1750

Author(s):

Wilton Pires da Cruz ◽

Cristiane Krug ◽

Geraldo J.N. Vasconcelos ◽

Gilberto J. de Moraes

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Dry Season ◽

Similar Species ◽

Wet Season ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Brazilian Amazonia ◽

Oil Palms ◽

Amazonas State ◽

African Oil Palm

The African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the second oil producing plant most extensively cultivated worldwide. The American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés, is a similar species rarely planted for commercial oil production, but often used for the production of hybrids with the African oil palm. The objective of this work was to compare the mite fauna of different genotypes of the African and the American oil palms as well as of their hybrids. In total, three and five genotypes of the African and the American oil palms and two of their hybrids available at an experiment station in the central part of the Brazilian Amazonia (Campo Experimental Rio Urubu, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas State) were evaluated. Samples were collected in the wet (May 2012) and the dry (October, November 2013) seasons. On American oil palms, mite density was much higher in the wet than in the dry season, while on palms of other groups no significant differences were observed between seasons. Phytophagous mites corresponded to 91.1% of all mites found and Eriophyoidea was by far the most abundant group of these mites. Plant damage by this and other mite groups was not noticed. Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae, to which Raoiella indica Hirst belongs, were not found in this study. In previous studies, R. indica was reported to cause severe damage to several plant species. Phytoseiid species richness and diversities were also higher in the American oil palms than on palms of other groups. The phytoseiids Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker and Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon were the most abundant predators, the first almost exclusively on BR 174 and Coari, and the second, on Manicoré genotypes of the American oil palms. Phytoseiid diversity on hybrids was as low as on African oil palm genotypes in the dry season and lower than on other palm groups in the wet season.

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