scholarly journals Physiological and agronomic behavior of commercial cultivars of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and OxG hybrids (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) at rainy and dry seasons

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ((03) 2019) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristihian Jarri Bayona Rodriguez ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Dry Seasons

Oil palm is the most productive and efficient oilseed crop in the world. Oil palm is planted in various geographical areas, where the frequency of extreme weather events is expected to increase because of climate change. The characterization of the response of oil palm cultivars to climatic conditions will allow identifying sources of tolerance to different types of stress caused by climate change, leading to the determination of the best genotype x environment relationships. The physiological responses, oil quality and yield of 11, six-year-old commercial oil palm cultivars with different origins were evaluated in two periods of contrasting climate conditions (rainy and dry seasons between the years 2008 and 2010). We found that the first impact of a period with water deficit was the reduction on gas exchange of all cultivars. Photosynthesis fell between 25% to 40% and transpiration decreased between 10% and 50%. During the dry season, leaf sugar concentration increased respect to the rainy season between 14% to 114%, and certain cultivars showed up to 27% higher photosynthetic water use efficiency. This variation could be due to the genetics of different cultivars. No significant differences were observed between the seasons in terms of oil quality. In general, changes in oil palm physiology observed in response to water deficit were related to the ability of the palm to adapt and survive periods of drought stress. The cultivars evaluated showed a good response to dry periods, with the IRHO being the most outstanding at each evaluated season .

scholarly journals Diurnal Variations in Water Potential and Gas Exchanges in Two-Hybrid Oil Palms Under Water Deficit

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Igor V. de Oliveira ◽  
Rodrigo O. Aguiar ◽  
Clenes C. Lima ◽  
Roberto L. Cunha ◽  
Wilton P. da Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Net Assimilation

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) presents considerable sensitivity to water deficit and the identification of stress-tolerant hybrids is a strategy to improve the adaptation and growth of plants throughout the annual dry seasons. For this reason, we examined possible differences in water deficit tolerance in two oil palm hybrids (BRS Manicoré and BRS C 2501) subjected to moderate drought conditions. The comparison of hybrids was performed using diurnal curves of leaf water potential (Ψw), gas exchanges, and biochemical variables, such as chloroplast pigments and enzymes analysis. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 2 × 2 × 13 factorial scheme resulting from the combination of two hybrids versus two water regimes, and thirteen evaluation schedules. Regardless of the water regime, the maximum average value of net assimilation rates of CO2 (A), stomatal conductance to water vapor (gs), and water use efficiency (A/E) in both hybrids was registered at 8 h. Peaks of A, gs, and A/E coincided with milder climatic conditions during the morning. While decreases in these variables were observed with increases in air temperature and vapor pressure deficit between leaf and atmosphere throughout the day. The water deficit induced significant increases in the total carotenoids levels of BRS C 2501 (62%) and BRS Manicoré (220%), while chlorophyll a content was significantly reduced only in BRS C 2501 (36%) and chlorophyll b only in Manicoré (34%). It also mediated significant increases in the activities of glycolate and catalase oxidase in both hybrids; however, such increases were more expressive in BRS C 2501 than in BRS Manicoré. In conclusion, it can be inferred that BRS Manicoré presents more favorable physiological and biochemical responses to the water deficit imposed compared to BRS C 2501.

scholarly journals Physiological response of oil palm interspecific hybrids (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes versus Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to water deficit

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurany Dayanna Rivera Méndez ◽  
Leonardo Moreno Chacón ◽  
Cristihian Jarry Bayona ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

scholarly journals High-Oleic Palm Oil (HOPO) Production from Parthenocarpic Fruits in Oil Palm Interspecific Hybrids Using Naphthalene Acetic Acid

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 290
Author(s):  
Hernán Mauricio Romero ◽  
Edison Daza ◽  
Iván Ayala-Díaz ◽  
Rodrigo Ruiz-Romero
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Naphthalene Acetic Acid ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Seedless Fruits

Interspecific OxG hybrids of African palm Elaeis guineensis Jacq. and the American palm Elaeis oleifera Cortes produce high-oleic palm oil (HOPO) with low saturated fatty acid content. OxG hybrids are highly productive, grow slowly, and are resistant to bud rot disease. However, OxG hybrid pollen presents low viability and germinability, so assisted pollination is a must. Hybrids can produce parthenocarpic or seedless fruits, with the exogenous application of plant growth regulators. Thus, naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) effects on parthenocarpic fruits induction, bunch formation, and oil quality were evaluated. The OxG hybrid Coari x La Mé was used. NAA doses, frequency, number of applications, and the phenological stages for the treatments were defined. A total dose of 1200 mg L−1 NAA applied three or four times produced bunches with better fruit set, similar average bunch weight, and oil to dry mesocarp than those obtained with assisted pollination. At a semi-commercial scale, 1200 mg L−1 NAA induced bunches that consisted of 93% or more of seedless fruits. Bunch number (2208 ± 84 versus 1690 ± 129) and oil to bunch (32.2 ± 0.7 versus 25.3 ± 0.8) were higher in the NAA induced bunches than in the assisted pollination. However, the average bunch weight was lower (12.2 ± 0.4 versus 14.9 ± 0.6). NAA increased oil to bunch in 36% (8.7 ± 0.1 versus 6.4 ± 0.3). Thus, with this technology, it is plausible to reach more than 10 tons per hectare per year of HOPO. Potentially, without increasing the planted oil palm area, OxG hybrids and NAA applications could alone meet the world’s fats and oil demands.

scholarly journals Heat treatment and germination of seeds of interspecific hybrid between American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortes) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanderlei Antônio Alves Lima ◽  
Ricardo Lopes ◽  
Márcia Green ◽  
Raimundo Nonato Vieira Cunha ◽  
Samuel Campos Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
African Oil Palm

The oil palm (E. guineensis ) is the African origin and the world's leading source of vegetable oil. The interspecific hybridization of the African oil palm (E. guineensis) with American oil palm (E. oleifera) aims to improve resistance to diseases, to improve oil quality and lower plant height. EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research) has developed the first Brazilian interspecific hybrid cultivar (HIE) between American oil palm and African oil palm. The procedures adopted for commercial seed germination assessment have shown an average germination rate of 32%. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the period of heat treatment and seed water content that are ideal for breaking dormancy and obtaining maximum germination. A completely randomized design was adopted, in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with four ranges of moisture contents: 18-19; 19-20; 20-21 and 21-22%, and three periods of heat treatment: 55, 75 and 100 days, with three replicates of 500 seeds. The percentage of germination, the first count and the germination speed index were assessed. To break dormancy and germination, the hybrids seeds of HIE, oleifera versus guineensis, should have their water content adjusted to values between 19 and 22%, and be subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 39 ± + 1 ºC and relative humidity of approximately 75% for 75 days.

Photosynthetic activity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis), and response of hybrids to water deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 287 ◽  
pp. 110263
Author(s):  
Wilmer Tezara ◽  
Tania S. Torres Domínguez ◽  
Daniel W. Loyaga ◽  
Rene Nazareno Ortiz ◽  
Víctor H. Reynel Chila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera

scholarly journals Physicochemical characterization of bunches from American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) and their hybrids with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Chaves ◽  
Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto- Moreno ◽  
Daniel Gerardo Cayon-Salinas
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽  
African Oil Palm

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las características físicas y químicas de racimos de genotipos de Elaeis oleifera y de sus híbridos interespecíficos OxG con Elaeis guineensis, determinando los componentes y el potencial del aceite del racimo, y la calidad de los aceites, analizando el contenido de ácidos grasos, vitamina E y carotenos. En el estudio se utilizaron racimos provenientes de inflorescencias sin polinización asistida con la presencia perimetral de E. guineensis. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres unidades experimentales, cada una conformada por tres racimos. Los mayores cuajados del fruto se encontraron en el genotipo de E. oleifera Sinú (76,53 %) y el híbrido OxG II (72,64 %). Los potenciales de extracción de aceite fueron superiores en los materiales híbridos OxG destacándose el II (20,82 %). Las palmas E. oleifera presentaron mejores perfiles de ácidos grasos, destacándose los materiales del genotipo Sinú (79,1 % de ácidos grasos insaturados) y los del híbrido II (70,2 %). Para el contenido de vitamina E se confirmó la alta calidad del aceite de los materiales de E. oleifera, sobresaliendo el genotipo Coarí (1.006,7 ppm) y el híbrido II (1.549,6 ppm); el material del genotipo Sinú registró el mayor contenido de carotenos totales (1.524,7 ppm).

scholarly journals Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez ◽  
Iván Ochoa-Cadavid ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Photosyn Thesis

Elaeis guineensis palms and its interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) were planted in 2004 in the Cuernavaca farm of Unipalma S.A., located in the municipality of Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The palms were planted in two fields: Mecasaragua and Aurora. The first field has never been irrigated, and the second one (Aurora) has always been flood-irrigated during the dry season according to the parameters of the plantation. In this study, physiological parameters (gas exchange and water potential) were assessed in three seasons of the year 2013 (dry season, dry-to-wet transition season and wet season). Significant gas exchange differences were found among the seasons in the field with no irrigation (Mecasaragua). Likewise, differences between the genetic materials were observed during the dry season. For example, the photosyn thesis decreased by 75% compared with the palms planted in the irrigated field. No differences among seasons or materials were found in the irrigated field (Aurora). E. guineensis palms were more sensitive to water stress compared with the OxG interspecific hybrid. Both genetic materials responded rapidly to the first rains by leveling their photosynthetic rates and demonstrated an excellent capacity to recover from water stress.

scholarly journals Phenology of the oil palm interspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Hormaza ◽  
Eloina Mesa Fuquen ◽  
Hernán Mauricio Romero
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera

OIL PALM BUD ROT IN LATIN AMERICA

2003 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. DE FRANQUEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Elaeis Oleifera ◽  
Infectious Origin ◽  
Holding Back

In South and Central America, tens of thousands of hectares of oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are affected by bud-rot types of disease. Having destroyed entire estates in Panama, Colombia, Suriname, Brazil and Ecuador, they are holding back the development of oil palm cultivation in Latin America. The cause is unknown. Indeed, 30 years after these diseases first wreaked havoc on a large scale, it is still not known whether we are dealing with one or more diseases of infectious origin, or with a physiological disorder. Despite lengthy research launched in the early 1980s, no pathogens or insect vectors have been clearly identified. At present, genetics look likely to offer a solution in the medium- to long term, using traits of resistance transmitted by the native species on the American continent, Elaeis oleifera, to the interspecific hybrid E. oleifera×E. guineensis.

scholarly journals BUILDING UP RESILIENC E OF CONSTRUCTION SECTOR SMES AND THEIR SUPPLY CHAINS TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayan Wedawatta ◽  
Bingunath Ingirige ◽  
Dilanthi Amaratunga
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Extreme Weather ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Construction Sector ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Coping Capacity ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
The Uk

Wider scientific community now accept that the threat of climate change as real and thus acknowledge the importance of implementing adaptation measures in a global context. In the UK, the physical effects of climate change are likely to be directly felt in the form of extreme weather events, which are predicted to escalate in number and severity in future under the changing climatic conditions. Construction industry; which consists of supply chains running across various other industries, economies and regions, will also be affected due to these events. Thus, it is important that the construction organisations are well prepared to withstand the effects of extreme weather events not only directly affecting their organizations but also affecting their supply chains which in turn might affect the organisation concerned. Given the fact that more than 99% of construction sector businesses are SMEs, the area can benefit significantly from policy making to improve SME resilience and coping capacity. This paper presents the literature review and synthesis of a doctoral research study undertaken to address the issue of extreme weather resilience of construction sector SMEs and their supply chains. The main contribution of the paper to both academia and practitioners is a synthesis model that conceptualises the factors that enhances resilience of SMEs and their supply chains against extreme weather events. This synthesis model forms the basis of a decision making framework that will enable SMEs to both reduce their vulnerability and enhance their coping capacity against extreme weather. The value of this paper is further extended by the overall research design that is set forth as the way forward. Santruka Gana daug mokslininku jau sutinka, kad klimato kaitos gresme yra reali, taigi pripažista, kaip pasauliniame kontekste svarbu diegti prisitaikymo priemones. Tiketina, kad Jungtineje Karalysteje fizinis klimato kaitos poveikis bus tiesiogiai jaučiamas per ekstremalius meteorologinius reiškinius. Prognozuojama, kad kintant klimato salygoms ju skaičius ir intensyvumas ateityje dides. Tokie reiškiniai paveiks ir statybu pramone, kuria sudaro per kitas ivairiausias pramones šakas, ūkius ir regionus einančios tiekimo grandines. Taigi svarbu, kad statybu organizacijos būtu tinkamai pasiruošusios atlaikyti ekstremalius meteorologinius reiškinius, kurie daro tiesiogine itaka ne tik šioms organizacijoms, bet ir ju tiekimo grandinems, kurios savo ruožtu gali paveikti atitinkama organizacija. Daugiau kaip 99 proc. statybu sektoriuje veikiančiu imoniu priklauso SVV kategorijai, tad šiai sričiai išties praverstu politika, gerinanti SVV atsparuma ir gebejima susitvarkyti. Šiame darbe pateikiama literatūros apžvalga ir trumpai pristatomas daktaro disertacijos tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išnagrineti statybu sektoriaus SVV ir ju tiekimo grandiniu atsparuma ekstremaliems meteorologiniams reiškiniams. Pagrindinis darbo indelis, pravartus ir mokslininkams, ir praktikams, tai sintezes modelis, kuriame suformuluojami veiksniai, didinantys SVV ir ju tiekimo grandiniu atsparuma ekstremaliems meteorologiniams reiškiniams. Šis sintezes modelis yra sprendimu priemimo sistemos pagrindas, o sistema SVV leis ne tik mažinti pažeidžiamuma, bet ir didinti gebejima susitvarkyti esant ekstremaliems meteorologiniams reiškiniams. Šio darbo verte dar labiau padidina bendras tyrimo modelis, pateikiamas kaip žingsnis pirmyn.

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