Reassessment of the Genome Size in Elaeis guineensis and Elaeis oleifera, and Its Interspecific Hybrid

Aiming at generating a comprehensive genomic database on Elaeis spp., our group is leading several R&D initiatives with Elaeis guineensis (African oil palm) and Elaeis oleifera (American oil palm), including the whole-genome sequencing of the last. Genome size estimates currently available for this genus are controversial, as they indicate that American oil palm genome is about half the size of the African oil palm genome and that the genome of the interspecific hybrid is bigger than both the parental species genomes. We estimated the genome size of three E. guineensis genotypes, five E. oleifera genotypes, and two interspecific hybrids genotypes. On average, the genome size of E. guineensis is 4.32 ± 0.173 pg, while that of E. oleifera is 4.43 ± 0.018 pg. This indicates that both genomes are similar in size, even though E. oleifera is in fact bigger. As expected, the hybrid genome size is around the average of the two genomes, 4.40 ± 0.016 pg. Additionally, we demonstrate that both species present around 38% of GC content. As our results contradict the currently available data on Elaeis spp. genome sizes, we propose that the actual genome size of the Elaeis species is around 4 pg and that American oil palm possesses a larger genome than African oil palm.

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Heat treatment and germination of seeds of interspecific hybrid between American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera (H.B.K) Cortes) and African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Journal of Seed Science ◽

10.1590/2317-1545v36n41034 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 451-457 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wanderlei Antônio Alves Lima ◽

Ricardo Lopes ◽

Márcia Green ◽

Raimundo Nonato Vieira Cunha ◽

Samuel Campos Abreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Water Content ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Oil Quality ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

African Oil Palm

The oil palm (E. guineensis ) is the African origin and the world's leading source of vegetable oil. The interspecific hybridization of the African oil palm (E. guineensis) with American oil palm (E. oleifera) aims to improve resistance to diseases, to improve oil quality and lower plant height. EMBRAPA (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Brazilian Corporation of Agricultural Research) has developed the first Brazilian interspecific hybrid cultivar (HIE) between American oil palm and African oil palm. The procedures adopted for commercial seed germination assessment have shown an average germination rate of 32%. The objective of this work was to assess the effect of the period of heat treatment and seed water content that are ideal for breaking dormancy and obtaining maximum germination. A completely randomized design was adopted, in a 4 x 3 factorial design, with four ranges of moisture contents: 18-19; 19-20; 20-21 and 21-22%, and three periods of heat treatment: 55, 75 and 100 days, with three replicates of 500 seeds. The percentage of germination, the first count and the germination speed index were assessed. To break dormancy and germination, the hybrids seeds of HIE, oleifera versus guineensis, should have their water content adjusted to values between 19 and 22%, and be subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 39 ± + 1 ºC and relative humidity of approximately 75% for 75 days.

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Physicochemical characterization of bunches from American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera H.B.K. Cortes) and their hybrids with African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)

Acta Agronómica ◽

10.15446/acag.v67n1.62028 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 170-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gabriel Chaves ◽

Gustavo Adolfo Ligarreto- Moreno ◽

Daniel Gerardo Cayon-Salinas

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Elaeis Guineensis Jacq ◽

African Oil Palm

El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis comparativo de las características físicas y químicas de racimos de genotipos de Elaeis oleifera y de sus híbridos interespecíficos OxG con Elaeis guineensis, determinando los componentes y el potencial del aceite del racimo, y la calidad de los aceites, analizando el contenido de ácidos grasos, vitamina E y carotenos. En el estudio se utilizaron racimos provenientes de inflorescencias sin polinización asistida con la presencia perimetral de E. guineensis. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con tres unidades experimentales, cada una conformada por tres racimos. Los mayores cuajados del fruto se encontraron en el genotipo de E. oleifera Sinú (76,53 %) y el híbrido OxG II (72,64 %). Los potenciales de extracción de aceite fueron superiores en los materiales híbridos OxG destacándose el II (20,82 %). Las palmas E. oleifera presentaron mejores perfiles de ácidos grasos, destacándose los materiales del genotipo Sinú (79,1 % de ácidos grasos insaturados) y los del híbrido II (70,2 %). Para el contenido de vitamina E se confirmó la alta calidad del aceite de los materiales de E. oleifera, sobresaliendo el genotipo Coarí (1.006,7 ppm) y el híbrido II (1.549,6 ppm); el material del genotipo Sinú registró el mayor contenido de carotenos totales (1.524,7 ppm).

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Impacts of the dry season on the gas exchange of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid (Elaeis oleífera x Elaeis guineensis) progenies under field conditions in eastern Colombia

Agronomía Colombiana ◽

10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n3.55565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 329-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Cristihian Jarri Bayona-Rodríguez ◽

Iván Ochoa-Cadavid ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Gas Exchange ◽

Water Potential ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Dry Season ◽

Wet Season ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Photosyn Thesis

Elaeis guineensis palms and its interspecific hybrid (E. oleifera x E. guineensis) were planted in 2004 in the Cuernavaca farm of Unipalma S.A., located in the municipality of Paratebueno (Cundinamarca, Colombia). The palms were planted in two fields: Mecasaragua and Aurora. The first field has never been irrigated, and the second one (Aurora) has always been flood-irrigated during the dry season according to the parameters of the plantation. In this study, physiological parameters (gas exchange and water potential) were assessed in three seasons of the year 2013 (dry season, dry-to-wet transition season and wet season). Significant gas exchange differences were found among the seasons in the field with no irrigation (Mecasaragua). Likewise, differences between the genetic materials were observed during the dry season. For example, the photosyn thesis decreased by 75% compared with the palms planted in the irrigated field. No differences among seasons or materials were found in the irrigated field (Aurora). E. guineensis palms were more sensitive to water stress compared with the OxG interspecific hybrid. Both genetic materials responded rapidly to the first rains by leveling their photosynthetic rates and demonstrated an excellent capacity to recover from water stress.

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Phenology of the oil palm interspecific hybrid Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162012000400007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 275-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Paola Hormaza ◽

Eloina Mesa Fuquen ◽

Hernán Mauricio Romero

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Elaeis Oleifera

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Photosynthetic activity of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and interspecific hybrid genotypes (Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis), and response of hybrids to water deficit

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2021.110263 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 287 ◽

pp. 110263

Author(s):

Wilmer Tezara ◽

Tania S. Torres Domínguez ◽

Daniel W. Loyaga ◽

Rene Nazareno Ortiz ◽

Víctor H. Reynel Chila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Deficit ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Photosynthetic Activity ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Elaeis Oleifera

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Mite (Arachnida: Acari) diversity and abundance on oil palms in the central region of the Brazilian Amazonia

Systematic and Applied Acarology ◽

10.11158/saa.24.9.10 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1736-1750

Author(s):

Wilton Pires da Cruz ◽

Cristiane Krug ◽

Geraldo J.N. Vasconcelos ◽

Gilberto J. de Moraes

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Dry Season ◽

Similar Species ◽

Wet Season ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Brazilian Amazonia ◽

Oil Palms ◽

Amazonas State ◽

African Oil Palm

The African oil palm, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., is the second oil producing plant most extensively cultivated worldwide. The American oil palm, Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés, is a similar species rarely planted for commercial oil production, but often used for the production of hybrids with the African oil palm. The objective of this work was to compare the mite fauna of different genotypes of the African and the American oil palms as well as of their hybrids. In total, three and five genotypes of the African and the American oil palms and two of their hybrids available at an experiment station in the central part of the Brazilian Amazonia (Campo Experimental Rio Urubu, Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rio Preto da Eva, Amazonas State) were evaluated. Samples were collected in the wet (May 2012) and the dry (October, November 2013) seasons. On American oil palms, mite density was much higher in the wet than in the dry season, while on palms of other groups no significant differences were observed between seasons. Phytophagous mites corresponded to 91.1% of all mites found and Eriophyoidea was by far the most abundant group of these mites. Plant damage by this and other mite groups was not noticed. Mites of the family Tenuipalpidae, to which Raoiella indica Hirst belongs, were not found in this study. In previous studies, R. indica was reported to cause severe damage to several plant species. Phytoseiid species richness and diversities were also higher in the American oil palms than on palms of other groups. The phytoseiids Amblyseius perditus Chant & Baker and Iphiseiodes kamahorae De Leon were the most abundant predators, the first almost exclusively on BR 174 and Coari, and the second, on Manicoré genotypes of the American oil palms. Phytoseiid diversity on hybrids was as low as on African oil palm genotypes in the dry season and lower than on other palm groups in the wet season.

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Descripción de síntomas de mancha anular en el híbrido interespecífico de palma aceitera OxG (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis)

Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria ◽

10.21930/rcta.vol11_num1_art:194 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 48

Author(s):

Eduardo A. Peña Rojas ◽

Meizzer Cadena Ortega ◽

Rafael Reyes Cuesta ◽

Silvio Bastidas Pérez

Keyword(s):

Oil Palm ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Molecular Test ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Spot Virus ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

La Mancha ◽

Specific Hybrid ◽

Ring Spot ◽

African Oil Palm

Se describen los síntomas que presentan las palmas del híbrido interespecífico OxG (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) al ser afectadas por la enfermedad viral de la mancha anular (MA) asociada al virus AOPRV (African Oil Palm Ring Spot Virus) y establecidas en las etapas de vivero y siembra comercial en campo en las condiciones agroecológicas de Tumaco, Departamento de Nariño, Colombia. La presencia del virus AOPRV, asociado con la enfermedad, se confirmó mediante pruebas moleculares RT-PCR. Symptoms Description of Ringspot Disease in the Inter-specific Hybrid of the Oil Palm OxG (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis)Symptoms of the viral annular spot disease associated with the African oil palm ring spot virus (AOPRV) on the interspecific hybrid palm OxG (Elaeis oleifera x Elaeis guineensis) in the early stages of commercial nursery and field planting agro-ecological conditions of Tumaco, Nariño State, Colombia, are described. The virus AOPRV associated with the disease was confirmed by RT-PCR molecular test.

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VEGETATIVE AND BUNCH COMPONENTS OF FIRST PSEUDOBACKCROSS OF Elaeis oleifera BRAZIL AND SURINAME ORIGIN IN NORTH SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Jurnal Penelitian Kelapa Sawit ◽

10.22302/iopri.jur.jpks.v26i1.13 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28

Author(s):

Heri Adriwan Siregar ◽

Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi ◽

Retno Diah Setiowati ◽

Edy Suprianto

Keyword(s):

Interspecific Hybrid ◽

Plant Architecture ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Height Increment ◽

Elaeis Oleifera ◽

Almost All ◽

North Sumatra ◽

Two Populations ◽

Hybrid Cross

An Attempt to combine the superior traits of Elaeis oleifera and Elaeis guineensis have been done through an interspecific hybrid cross and followed by pseudo-backcross 1 (pBC1). Observation of vegetative morphology and bunch components are presented in this paper. Two populations of pBC1 E. oleifera from the Suriname and Brazil origin were planted in 1990, 1993, 1995, and 2005, and were intensively observed for vegetative morphological properties and bunch components in November 2016 to February 2018. The results showed that almost all the individuals of pBC1 grew upright such as E. guineensis, no longer growing horizontally like the wild E. oleifera and the interspecific hybrid populations. The datas showed that the Suriname population plant architecture are compact or smaller than the Brazilian origin including the height increment and the size of the stem, the frond architecture and its components. Similarly, the bunch components show that the pBC1 Brazil is slightly superior to Suriname pBC1.

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