Chemo-characterization and optimization of macro and micro nutrients for exopolysaccharides and mycelia growth in pleurotus tuberregium (RUMPH, EX FR)

Potato, (Solanum tuberosum (L.)) is a valuable stable food grown for its edible starchy tuber. This work was aimed to test the efficacy of indigenous plants extract for controlling wet rot disease of potato caused by Rhizopus stolonifer. The fungi was isolated from decaying bread and grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Ripe Ginger (Zingiber officinale) (rhizome), West African pepper (Piper guineense) flower, Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) seed were collected from Muda Lawal Market, Bauchi, Nigeria. The dried seed were grinded using blender to get ginger, clove and West African pepper powder. Radial mycelia growth of Rhizopus stolonifer varied significantly (p≤0.01) with the application of different plant extracts. Mycelia growth of Rhizopus stolonifer was found to be low in potatoes treated with West African pepper (0.26 cm) than those treated with ginger (0.32 cm) and clove (0.33 cm). However, as observed from the result, ginger and clove did not differ statistically in their effect on Rhizopus mycelia growth (in vitro) but showed a better effect than the control treatment (0.40 cm). Inhibition of the mycelia growth by the West African pepper seed extract is an indication that it is fungicidal.

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Effectiveness of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Oil against Decay Fungi

Science & Technology Journal ◽

10.22232/stj.2017.05.01.06 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 48-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kanchan Rawat ◽

◽

Uttam Kumar Sahoo ◽

Nagaraj Hegde ◽

Awadhesh Kumar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Azadirachta Indica ◽

Schizophyllum Commune ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Fusarium Proliferatum ◽

Wood Preservatives ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Environment Friendly ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Natural Oils ◽

Mycelia Growth

The enormous use of metallic wood preservatives has caused destructive impact on environment as well as human health. Therefore realizing the urgency of switching to Environment friendly options such as natural oils are being tested for their antimicrobial properties. The present study aimed at investigating potential of Neem oil against the growth ofdecaying fungi. The ability of Neem oil to inhibit mycelia growth of Schizophyllum commune, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Coniophora puteana and Alternaria alternata was tested at different concentrations of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10%. Results of the study revealed Neem oil concentrations above 2% were significantly inhibitory to all the tested fungi.

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Quantitative Effects of Oxygen Supply on Mycelia Growth and Extracellular Polysaccharide of Ganoderma tsugae

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.217-219.975 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 217-219 ◽

pp. 975-978

Author(s):

Nukrob Narkprasom ◽

Tzou Chi Huang ◽

Yuan Kuang Guu

Keyword(s):

Mass Transfer ◽

Secondary Metabolite ◽

Submerged Fermentation ◽

Oxygen Supply ◽

Cell Mass ◽

Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

High Level ◽

Dry Cell

The quantitative effects of oxygen supply in terms of shaking speed and medium volume on the production of mycelia and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) using Ganoderma tsugae in submerged fermentation were investigated. Mycelia growth required the proper shaking speed at 134 rpm for breaking a larger pellet into several smaller pellets. Furthermore, high level of medium volume for consumption of abundant nutrient is needed for maximum mycelia growth. For EPS, a high agitation is needed to promote a good mass transfer for achieving high product concentrations recovery. The appropriate medium volume was found to be 150.4 mL for aiding to produce a secondary metabolite by promoting the mass transfer of substrates. The dry cell mass (DCM)-EPS diagram of G. tsugae was created from the both production equations which this diagram is an useful tool for submerge fermentation industry for decision about to control the both productions.

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Two new defensive constituents from potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-2016-0234 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 393-396

Author(s):

Liangyan Liu ◽

Jun Han ◽

Yong Shen

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Late Blight ◽

Quantum Chemical ◽

Spectroscopic Analysis ◽

2D Nmr ◽

Moderate Activity ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Late Blight Disease ◽

Blight Disease

AbstractTwo new defensive constituents, solatuberenol A (1) and 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl stigmasta-5(6),24(28)-diene (2), were isolated from the potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) infected with late blight disease. Their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including HRMS, IR, UV, 1D/2D NMR, ECD and quantum chemical calculations. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate activity against Phytophthora infestans with mycelia-growth inhibition of 30.1% and 52.4%, respectively, at the concentration of 500 ppm.

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Mass Treatment of Flooded Archival Materials by Gamma Radiation

Restaurator International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material ◽

10.1515/res-2021-0007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Matteo Montanari ◽

Sara Pipponzi ◽

Pietro Livi ◽

Antonio Prodi

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Gamma Irradiation ◽

Culture Method ◽

Test Species ◽

Atp Assay ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Thermal Drying ◽

Radiation Treatments ◽

Main Components

Abstract This work describes mass recovery processes of flooded archival materials at industrial scale. The presence of fungi on paper represents a threat to the integrity of the document because they degrade cellulose, one of the main components of paper. Gamma radiation treatments are investigated as mass disinfection agents for their high penetrating power, speed of treatment, and absence of risk due to chemical residuals. We compared two different recovery processes: thermal drying followed by gamma irradiation and gamma irradiation followed by thermal drying. Both these processes were conducted simultaneously on naturally contaminated archival items and on paper specimens artificially contaminated with species test. Efficacy was assessed by culture method and ATP assay, right after the treatments and after four years of storage at room temperature. Coupling gamma irradiation with a drying step with dry heat at 55–60 °C reduces the fungal loads on natural items up to levels close to the detection limits, and the reduction is maintained after four years. On artificial specimens, spore germination is completely inhibited, mycelia growth is also highly affected, but the melanised test species appear to be more resistant. A synergistic effect between gamma irradiation, water content, and thermal drying is highlighted in this paper.

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Daily Indexes for Predation and Growth of Nematophagous Mushrooms Species of Hohenbuehelia (Pleurotaceae) on Panagrellus redividus

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v10n3p276 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 276

Author(s):

Cleonice Lubian ◽

Danielle Dutra Martinha ◽

Roberto Luis Portz ◽

Alexandre Gonçalves dos Santos e Silva Filho ◽

Vagner Gularte Cortez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Growth Speed ◽

Test Evaluation ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Panagrellus Redivivus ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Living Organisms

Biological control is a method of controlling pests through the use of other living organisms. The purposes of this study were to test Hohenbuehelia species as biological control agents against Panagrellus redivivus in vitro, evaluating nematodes influence on mycelia growth; establishing daily indexes for predation and growth and setting predation percentage. Five species previously identified as 436-Hohenbuehelia mastrucata (Nematoctonus hamatus), 528-H. bullulifera (not described so far), 581-H. paraguayensis (N. sp.), 582-H. sp. (N. sp.) and 631-H. portegna (N. campylosporus) were submitted to anamorphic purification directly from basidioma. Afterwards, 100 nematodes were added to each pure colony for predation test. Evaluation started right after 24 hours of nematode-fungus interaction. Immobilized and/or penetrated nematodes were counted and mycelia growth was measured. Results were subjected to variance analyses. Hohenbuehelia mastrucata had the best performance in growth speed, followed by H. portegna and H. paraguayensis; Nematodes multiplyied much but none specie grew more as an influence of their movement under mycelium, however all species formed trap devices and some of them produced adhesive or repelent substances. Trap devices were formed in control plates also. The plates of H. paraguayensis without nematodes grew more than treatments. Cumulative predation of H. portegna was the highest at 24 (195.5%) and 48 hours (235%). At the last evaluation day, H. paraguayensis preyed the same amount (185.75%) than H. portegna, followed by H. mastrucata (109.51%). Resulst of predation daily indexes displayed chronological activity for each isolate, where H. portegna was very reactive at first 24 hours, H. mastrucata raised its predacious activity in 48 hours being constant from this time on and H. paraguayensis pointed out itself at 72 hours. Other species presented low predation and growth indexes throughout experiment.

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Media selection for mycelia growth, antifungal activity against wood-degrading fungi, and GC-MS study by Pycnoporus sanguineus

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.3.2719-2731 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 2719-2731 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yi P. Teoh ◽

Mashitah M. Don ◽

Salmiah Ujang

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Water Extract ◽

White Rot ◽

White Rot Fungus ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Malt Extract ◽

Decay Fungi ◽

Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Property Changes

Wood-decaying fungi present a serious threat to items made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). Though conventional chemical control has been a successful method for preserving wood against stain and decay fungi growth, the effects of these chemicals are of concern because they create problems for the environment and public health. Pycnoporus sanguineus (P. sanguineus), is a white-rot fungus that invades wood during its growth, storage, or use, causing decay or other property changes. It was considered in this work as a potential source of bioactive compounds and investigated for its natural antifungal activity using a minimum inhibitory concentration assay against wood-degrading fungi. It was found that media consisting of 10.0 g/L malt extract, yeast extract, dextrose, and maltose, respectively at pH 4.7±0.2 provided the highest biomass production by P. sanguineus. Results showed that the antifungal properties of methanol and water extract of P. sanguineus mycelia and supernatant ranged from MIC values of 0.1 to 5.0 µg/µL. 4H-Pyran-4-one,2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl- (DDMP) was found to be the major component in the extract of this fungus, based on analysis using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.

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Effects of Compost on Mycelia Growth and Fructification, Mineral Elements and Proximate Composition of Pleurotus pulmonarius (Fries)

Agrosearch ◽

10.4314/agrosh.v12i2.8 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

O Ugioro ◽

M Kadiri ◽

YO Fademu

Keyword(s):

Proximate Composition ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Pleurotus Pulmonarius ◽

Mycelia Growth

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Efficacy of different fungicides and biopesticides for the management of lentil wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis)

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v8i01.19565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

Author(s):

KAMLESH RAM ◽

RAMESH SINGH

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Plant Extracts ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Test Plant ◽

Mycelia Growth ◽

Wilt Incidence

In Vitro and In Vivo studies on the efficacy of fungicides and biopesticides. Among the fungicides, in Carbedazim to the most effective as they have inhibited the mycelia growth completely of the test fungus, and Benomyl, Topsin - M, Ridomil,Vitavax were found the next best in inhibiting the mycelial growth of the pathogen up to 92.11% to 83.46% respectively. Sadabahar was least effective plant extracts which causes 42 mm of radial growth and inhibited the growth of the only 19.23%. In Vivo condition the maximum seed germination (95.50% and 95.33%), minimum wilt incidence (5.16% and 3.65%) and highest grain yield (10.50 q/ha and 10.35 q/ha) was found seed treatment with Carbendazim (0.2%). Among the test plant extracts Tulsi was lested effective, which show the minimum seed germination (80.00% and 77.50%), maximum wilt incidence (15.70% and 14.10%), and lowest grain yield (3.92 q/ha and 4.17 q/ha).

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