Acute respiratory flow restriction affects average power, but not heart rate and subjective perceived exertion in healthy women

ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the effect of the restriction of the ventilatory flow on HR, RPE, and power during HIT-test performed by healthy women. The participants (n=8) underwent HIT-test without and with ventilatory flow restriction. HR, power, and RPE was measured. HRpost showed no significant difference between conditions (p=0,053). The average power presented higher values in the condition without the restriction of ventilatory flow (619,51±144,33W; 565,99±108,43W; p=0,001), but without differences in the fatigue index (p=0,383). In both conditions, increases in RPE were observed during the efforts (p<0,001). It is concluded that HR and RPE did not suffer acute effects from the restriction of ventilatory flow; however, the average power is decreased during HIT-test.

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Does Peripheral Lower Body Blood Flow Restriction Training Effect Aerobic Adaptations in Recreationally Active Adults? A Case Series

Journal of Exercise and Nutrition ◽

10.53520/jen2022.103109 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Austin Bennett ◽

Sean Collins ◽

Kaitlyn King ◽

Caitlyn Harper ◽

Jill Lucas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Case Series ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Aerobic Performance ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Active Adults

Introduction: Blood flow restriction (BFR) training is a novel training method that has been shown to promote positive aerobic and anaerobic adaptations under low intensity exercise by inhibiting blood flow to target tissue resulting in hypoxia and metabolic byproduct accumulation. This has been shown to have a direct positive effect on aerobic performance adaptation. The purpose was to explore the effect of BFR training on aerobic performance. Methods: Seven recreationally active adults were randomly assigned to either the BFR group (n=4, BFR) or non-BFR group (n=3, CON). Three testing sessions were conducted throughout the study (Pre-Test, Mid-Test, Post-Test) which consisted of a graded cycle ergometer maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) test using COSMED-K5 indirect calorimetry. Eleven BFR training sessions were performed consisting of 20-min of cycling at 35-45% of heart rate reserve (HRR) with at 60% (BFR) or 5% (CON) arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) on the BFR cuffs. Results: Absolute VO2max, Relative VO2max, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum rate of perceived exertion (RPEmax) reported no significant difference between BFR and CON. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) found in time to reach VO2max and maximum watts (Wmax) reached which declined over the course of the training intervention. Conclusions: Bilateral lower limb aerobic BFR training resulted in no change in VO2max over seven weeks.

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Lactate, Heart Rate and Rating of Perceived Exertion Responses to Shorter and Longer Duration CrossFit® Training Sessions

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk3040060 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 60 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ramires Tibana ◽

Nuno de Sousa ◽

Jonato Prestes ◽

Fabrício Voltarelli

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Recovery Period ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

Blood Lactate Concentration ◽

Cardiovascular Responses ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Experience ◽

Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to analyze blood lactate concentration (LAC), heart rate (HR), and rating perceived exertion (RPE) during and after shorter and longer duration CrossFit® sessions. Nine men (27.7 ± 3.2 years; 11.3 ± 4.6% body fat percentage and training experience: 41.1 ± 19.6 months) randomly performed two CrossFit® sessions (shorter: ~4 min and longer: 17 min) with a 7-day interval between them. The response of LAC and HR were measured pre, during, immediately after, and 10, 20, and 30 min after the sessions. RPE was measured pre and immediately after sessions. Lactate levels were higher during the recovery of the shorter session as compared with the longer session (shorter: 15.9 ± 2.2 mmol/L/min, longer: 12.6 ± 2.6 mmol/L/min; p = 0.019). There were no significant differences between protocols on HR during (shorter: 176 ± 6 bpm or 91 ± 4% HRmax, longer: 174 ± 3 bpm or 90 ± 3% HRmax, p = 0.387). The LAC was significantly higher throughout the recovery period for both training sessions as compared to pre-exercise. The RPE was increased immediately after both sessions as compared to pre-exercise, while there was no significant difference between them (shorter: 8.7 ± 0.9, longer: 9.6 ± 0.5; p = 0.360). These results demonstrated that both shorter and longer sessions induced elevated cardiovascular responses which met the recommendations for gains in cardiovascular fitness. In addition, both training sessions had a high metabolic and perceptual response, which may not be suitable if performed on consecutive days.

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Acute Effects of Salvia Supplementation on Cognitive Function in Athletes During a Fatiguing Cycling Exercise: A Randomized Cross-Over, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blind Study

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.771518 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Nicolas Babault ◽

Ahmad Noureddine ◽

Nicolas Amiez ◽

Damien Guillemet ◽

Carole Cometti

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Reaction Time ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Stroop Task ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Digit Span ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Warm Up ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Fatiguing Exercise

Background:Salvia (sage) supplementation has been shown to improve the cognition function in healthy individuals or patients (e.g., attention, memory). To date, no study has explored its relevancy in the context of sporting performance. The aim of this study was to explore the acute effects of a combination of Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia on cognitive function in athletes performing a fatiguing cycling task.Methods: Twenty-six volunteers were included in this cross-over, randomized, double-bind vs. placebo trial. Two hours before the two experimental sessions (here called SAGE and PLACEBO), volunteers randomly received a supplementation of sage or placebo. During each experimental session, participants were tested at four occasions while cycling during a warm-up, in the middle and at the end of a fatiguing task and after a short 5-min recovery. Tests included a Stroop task, a simple reaction time task, and a backward digit span memory task. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured at the beginning of the four test sessions.Results: Heart rate was significantly greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001) without any supplementation effect. RPE was greater during the fatiguing exercise than during warm-up and recovery (P < 0.001). Moreover, RPE was significantly lower during the SAGE session as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.002). Reaction time was not altered during the exercise but was significantly shorter with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.023). The Stroop task only revealed significantly longer reaction time during warm-up as compared to recovery (P = 0.02) independently of the supplementation. The digit span memory test revealed a significant greater span score with SAGE as compared to PLACEBO (P = 0.044).Conclusion: The combination of Salvia improved the cognitive functions (perceived exertion, working memory, and reaction time). The positive effects were obtained in fresh condition and were maintained with fatigue.

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Training-Load Distribution in Endurance Runners: Objective Versus Subjective Assessment

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0557 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1023-1028 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vincenzo Manzi ◽

Antonio Bovenzi ◽

Carlo Castagna ◽

Paola Sinibaldi Salimei ◽

Maurizio Volterrani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Load ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Long Distance ◽

Running Speed ◽

Training Time ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Training Methodologies

Purpose:To assess the distribution of exercise intensity in long-distance recreational athletes (LDRs) preparing for a marathon and to test the hypothesis that individual perception of effort could provide training responses similar to those provided by standardized training methodologies.Methods:Seven LDRs (age 36.5 ± 3.8 y) were followed during a 5-mo training period culminating with a city marathon. Heart rate at 2.0 and 4.0 mmol/L and maximal heart rate were used to establish 3 intensity training zones. Internal training load (TL) was assessed by training zones and TRIMPi methods. These were compared with the session-rating-of-perceived-exertion (RPE) method.Results:Total time spent in zone 1 was higher than in zones 2 and 3 (76.3% ± 6.4%, 17.3% ± 5.8%, and 6.3% ± 0.9%, respectively; P = .000 for both, ES = 0.98, ES = 0.99). TL quantified by session-RPE provided the same result. The comparison between session-RPE and training-zones-based methods showed no significant difference at the lowest intensity (P = .07, ES = 0.25). A significant correlation was observed between TL RPE and TL TRIMPi at both individual and group levels (r = .79, P < .001). There was a significant correlation between total time spent in zone 1 and the improvement at the running speed of 2 mmol/L (r = .88, P < .001). A negative correlation was found between running speed at 2 mmol/L and the time needed to complete the marathon (r = –.83, P < .001).Conclusions:These findings suggest that in recreational LDRs most of the training time is spent at low intensity and that this is associated with improved performances. Session-RPE is an easy-to-use training method that provides responses similar to those obtained with standardized training methodologies.

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Effects of Synchronous and Asynchronous Music on Heart rate and Perceived Exertion during Aerobic Exercise: Pilot study

Music and Medicine ◽

10.47513/mmd.v12i2.698 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Pongsakorn Chaisurin ◽

Jakkrit Klapajone ◽

Pongson Yaicharoen

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

White Noise ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Prior History ◽

Target Heart Rate ◽

Satisfactory Level ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives: Our objective was to investigate physiological effects of three types of sounds (synchronous, non-synchronous and white noise) on heart rate, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and satisfactory level during aerobic exercise.Study design: Pilot cross-over study, single-blindSetting: SuanDok fitness center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University.Subjects: Fifteen healthy individuals, aged 18-40 years (mean ± SD = 30.2 ± 4.0) with no prior history of pain, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiopulmonary diseases, neurological diseases and hearing impairment.Methods: Subjects who were asked to exercise to exhaustion (with target heart rate in an aerobic zone) on elliptical machines were randomly assigned to listen to 1) a music with beats matching the exercise cadence; synchronous music or 2) a music with variable beats not matching the cadence; asynchronous music or 3) a control sound using white noise in each of 3 exercise sessions. Heart rate and Borg’s Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) were measured at 10 and 20 minutes after starting the exercise. Satisfactory level was also assessed.Results: All fifteen participants with an average age of 30.2 ± 4.0 years completed the exercise protocol. The synchronous music session gave a significant reduction in heart rate at 10 and 20 minutes when compared with asynchronous and white noise sessions. There was no significant difference of heart rate between asynchronous music and white noise sessions at 10 and 20 minutes. Regarding Borg’s RPE, the synchronous session showed significantly lower RPE at 10 and 20 minutes when compared with asynchronous music and white noise sessions. There was no significant difference between RPE in asynchronous music and white noise session. Overall satisfaction using numeric rating scale of 0-10 revealed average satisfactory levels for synchronous music, asynchronous music and white noise of 8.27 ± 1.16, 5.2 ± 2.65 and 2.73 ± 1.62 respectively. Conclusion: Synchronous music had a positive impact on an exercise as it could reduce heart rate and perceived exertion during the exercise. A consistent pace could be auditorily stimulated by coupling exercise cadence on the elliptical machine to the synchronous music tempo, leading to better auditory-motor synchronization.Keywords: synchronous music, exercise, RPE, tempo, elliptical machine

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Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing in the Fed State: Lack of Enhancement of Time-Trial Performance

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism ◽

10.1123/ijsnem.19.4.400 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 400-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 82

Author(s):

Milou Beelen ◽

Jort Berghuis ◽

Ben Bonaparte ◽

Sam B. Ballak ◽

Asker E. Jeukendrup ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Power Output ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Average Power ◽

Time Trial ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Time Trial Performance ◽

Mouth Rinsing ◽

The Impact ◽

Trial Performance

It has been reported previously that mouth rinsing with a carbohydrate-containing solution can improve cycling performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of such a carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during a simulated time trial in a more practical, postprandial setting. Fourteen male endurance-trained athletes were selected to perform 2 exercise tests in the morning after consuming a standardized breakfast. They performed an ~1-hr time trial on a cycle ergometer while rinsing their mouths with either a 6.4% maltodextrin solution (CHO) or water (PLA) after every 12.5% of the set amount of work. Borg’s rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was assessed after every 25% of the set amount of work, and power output and heart rate were recorded continuously throughout the test. Performance time did not differ between treatments and averaged 68.14 ± 1.14 and 67.52 ± 1.00 min in CHO and PLA, respectively (p = .57). In accordance, average power output (265 ± 5 vs. 266 ± 5 W, p = .58), heart rate (169 ± 2 vs. 168 ± 2 beats/min, p = .43), and RPE (16.4 ± 0.3 vs. 16.7 ± 0.3 W, p = .26) did not differ between treatments. Furthermore, after dividing the trial into 8s, no differences in power output, heart rate, or perceived exertion were observed over time between treatments. Carbohydrate mouth rinsing does not improve time-trial performance when exercise is performed in a practical, postprandial setting.

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The Comparisons of Heart Rate Variability and Perceived Exertion During Simulated Cycling with Various Viewing Devices

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres.17.6.575 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 575-583 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Shih-Fong Huang ◽

Po-Yi Tsai ◽

Wen-Hsu Sung ◽

Chih-Yung Lin ◽

Tien-Yow Chuang

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Spectral Density ◽

Power Spectral Density ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Control Group ◽

Threshold Intensity ◽

Power Spectral ◽

Significant Difference

Sympathovagal modulation during immersion in a virtual environment is an important influence on human performance of a task. The aim of this study is to investigate sympathovagal modulation using heart rate variability and perceived exertion during exercise in a virtual reality (VR) environment. Sixteen young healthy volunteers were tested while using a stationary bicycle and maintained at an anaerobic threshold intensity for exercise sessions of approximately 10 min duration. Four randomized viewing alternatives were provided including desktop monitor, projector, head mounted device (HMD), and no simulation display. The “no simulation display” served as the control group. A quick ramp exercise test was conducted and maintained at an anaerobic threshold intensity for each session to evaluate power spectral density and rating of perceived exertion (RPE). The sampled heart rate data were rearranged by cubic spline interpolation into power spectrums spanning the ultra-low frequency (ULF) to high frequency (HF) range. A significant difference was found between the no-display and projector groups for total power (TP) and very low frequency (VLF) components. In particular, there was a significant difference when comparing HMD and no-display exercise RPE curves within 6 min of cycling and at the termination of the exercise. A significant difference was also achieved in projector vs. control group comparison at the termination of the exercise. Our results indicate that the use of HMD and the projected VR during cycling can reduce the TP and VLF power spectral density through a proposed decrease in the renin-angiotensin system, with the implication that this humoral effect may enable anaerobic exercise for longer durations through a reduction in sympathetic tone and subsequent increased blood flow to the muscles.

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Acute Effects of Resistance Exercise With Continuous and Intermittent Blood Flow Restriction on Hemodynamic Measurements and Perceived Exertion

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.1177/0031512516677900 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 277-292 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Gabriel R. Neto ◽

Jefferson S. Novaes ◽

Verônica P. Salerno ◽

Michel M. Gonçalves ◽

Bruna K. L. Piazera ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Resistance Exercise ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Blood Flow Restriction ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Hemodynamic Measurements

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Acupuncture on Lactate, Perceived Exertion in Recreational Athletes Submitted to HIIT

10.20944/preprints202008.0034.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Soares Pernambuco ◽

Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale ◽

João Rafael Valentim-Silva ◽

Carlos Alberto de Souza Filho ◽

Vinicius do Espirito Santo de Jesus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Acupuncture Points ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Recreational Athletes ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Activity Intensity ◽

Lactate Levels

Studies have demonstrated the positive effects of acupuncture on athletic performance. The aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of acupuncture on heart rate, the perceived exertion scale and lactate levels in recreational athletes. Fifteen competitive males engaged in HIIT. The characteristic was 29.86±2.51 years old, heart rate reserve 59.00±3.33, lactate 3.17±0.50 mM/DL. The subjects were submitted to two exercise sessions. Both training sessions consisted of 10 burpees, 12 thrusters and 14 box jumps (75 cm high) for 12 minutes. Activity intensity was between 85 and 95% of maximum heart rate. Acupuncture points: ST36, L3, LI11. The student’s t-test was adopted, Shapiro-Wilk test was applied for normality, and Pearson correlation. There was a positive correlation of r = 0.69 between lactate levels and heart rate. Lactate: Lac1 15.00±1.18 – Lac2 19.59± 1.46 p= 0.0001*; Heart 1rate: HRF 163.71±7.27 – HRF2 177.60±6.99 p=0.0001*; Blood pressure: SBP1 174.86±1.57 – SBP2 180.86±1.77 p= 0.0001*; PES1: 19.4±1.14; PES2 16.8±0.84 p= 0.0001*; weight1 – 182,57±12,05; weight 2 206,43±11,39 p=0.0325*. Acupuncture increased lactate accumulation, heart rate and blood pressure, suggesting that the exertion reached after acupuncture is higher than without acupuncture. The acupuncture technics improved the athlete performance.

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Acute Responses to On-Court Repeated-Sprint Training Performed With Blood Flow Restriction Versus Systemic Hypoxia in Elite Badminton Athletes

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2018-0878 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 1280-1287 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽

Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez ◽

Elaia Torrontegi ◽

Javier Vázquez-Carrión ◽

Manuela González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Creatine Kinase ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Sprint Training ◽

Flow Restriction ◽

Repeated Sprint ◽

Systemic Hypoxia ◽

Acute Responses

Purpose: Repeated-sprint training (RS) is commonly conducted in normoxia, but its completion with localized (blood-flow restriction [BFR]) or systemic hypoxia has been proven effective for performance enhancement. Yet, few studies have applied these types of RS sessions in racket sports. The authors aimed to determine the acute responses to these types of training in elite badminton players. Methods: Eight male elite badminton players participated in this randomized crossover study. They performed 3 on-court RS sessions, each consisting of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of 10-s badminton-specific movements in normoxia (RSN), systemic normobaric hypoxia (RSH, FiO2 = 14%), or with BFR (RS-BFR, 40% arterial occlusion pressure). Performance, perceptual (ie, rating of perceived exertion), and physiological (ie, pulse saturation, muscle oxygenation, blood lactate, creatine kinase, heart-rate variability) responses were measured after each set and up to 48 h postsession. Results: RS-BFR induced a greater performance impairment (lower distance and accelerations) and a higher local perceived exertion in the legs than RSN and RSH (P < .05), whereas greater overall fatigue was reported with RSH (P < .05). RSH induced a lower saturation (P < .001), but no differences were observed in muscle oxygenation between conditions. No differences in creatine kinase or heart-rate variability were observed at any time point (from baseline up to 48 h after the session). Conclusions: RS-BFR—and, to a lower extent, RSH—resulted in impaired performance and a higher perceived strain than RSN. However, these 2 hypoxic methods do not seem to induce a long-lasting (post 24–48 h) physiological stress in elite badminton players.

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