scholarly journals Study of mural paintings by Fulvio Pennacchi in São Paulo City by mineralogical techniques

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane A. Del Lama ◽  
Regina A. Tirello ◽  
Fábio R.D. de Andrade ◽  
Yushiro Kihara
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mural Paintings ◽  
Made In

The present research deals with two mural paintings made in 1947 with the fresco technique by Fulvio Pennacchi in the Catholic Chapel of the Hospital das Clínicas (São Paulo City, Brazil), namely the Virgin Annunciation and the Supper at Emmaus. This study regards the materials and painting techniques used by the artist, based on historical research,on in situ observations and laboratory analytical techniques (stereomicroscopy,scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer, X-ray diffractometry, electron microprobe, images obtained with UV-light), aiming to improve the methods of characterization of objects of our cultural heritage, and to enhance its preservation accordingly. The results lead to the identification of the plaster components and of distinct layers in the frescoes, besides further information on grain size, impurities and textures, composition of pigments, and features of deterioration, such as efflorescences. The degree of degradation of the murals painting was assessed by this way. Our data suggest that a single layer of plaster was used by Pennacchi, as a common mortar with fine- and medium-grained aggregates. Differences in texture were obtained by adding gypsum to the plaster.

scholarly journals Morphologic and molecular characterization of Myrciaria spp species

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio Pereira ◽  
Antonio Luis de Oliveira ◽  
Regina Eli de Almeida Pereira ◽  
Janete Apparecida Desidério Sena ◽  
Juliana Regina Vieira da Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Morphologic Characteristics ◽  
Botanical Classification ◽  
Made In

The jabuticaba tree is considered one of the most typical Brazilian fruit trees. However, few studies of this plant are found in the literature and even its botanical classification is very controversial. The present research reports some comparisons between jabuticaba species, using morphologic (organography) and molecular markers techniques. The morphologic characteristics of the plant used as markers were compared with specimens of the herbaria from São Paulo and Minas Gerais States and with the descriptions reported in the literature. Molecular differences between the species were identified by the use of RAPD markers. The experiment was made in Piracicaba, Jaboticabal and Ituverava municipal districts in São Paulo State, Brazil. Morphologic and molecular differences between the studied plants were identified and four groups of species were defined: Myrciaria cauliflora (Mart.) O. Berg, M. coronata Mattos, M. jaboticaba (Vell.) O. Berg. and Myrciaria phytrantha (Kiaersk.) Mattos. Both molecular and morphologic markers techniques showed to be important tools for the identification of jabuticaba tree species.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

scholarly journals CARACTERIZAÇÃO HIDRÁULICA DE GOTEJADORES AUTOCOMPENSANTES EXPOSTOS À APLICAÇÃO DINÂMICA DE CLORO LIVRE (Parte II)

Irriga ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-425
Author(s):  
Rubens Duarte Coelho ◽  
Marconi Batista Teixeira ◽  
Ralini Ferreira de Melo ◽  
Meiby Carneiro de Paulo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Free Chlorine ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Rate Reduction ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
The University ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

CARACTERIZAÇÃO HIDRÁULICA DE GOTEJADORES AUTOCOMPENSANTES EXPOSTOS À APLICAÇÃO DINÂMICA DE CLORO LIVRE (Parte II)  Rubens Duarte Coelho1; Marconi Batista Teixeira1; Ralini Ferreira de Mélo1; Meiby Carneiro de Paula21Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP,  [email protected] genético e reprodução animal, IAPAR – Estação Experimental da Faz. Modelo, Ponta Grossa, PR  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a caracterização hidráulica de 14 modelos de gotejadores autocompensantes, quanto ao efeito do cloro na redução de vazão, causada pela aplicação dinâmica de 100 mg L-1 de cloro livre, e o efeito linear de redução de vazão para dosagens e tempos de aplicação calculados a partir da dosagem padrão de 100 mg L-1 de cloro livre. Utilizou-se uma bancada de ensaios em estrutura metálica com 11,0 m x 4,0 m, instalada no Laboratório de Irrigação do DER– ESALQ/USP. Semanalmente, foi feita a coleta de água utilizando o método gravimétrico para todos os emissores presentes na linha gotejadora de cada um dos modelos estudados. Os modelos de gotejadores ensaiados apresentaram sensibilidade variável à aplicação de cloro livre. Ocorreu um decréscimo de 10 a 20% em média da vazão (L h-1) para a maior parte dos emissores, com exceção do modelo E que apresentou aproximadamente 90% de redução de vazão com 2688 h de funcionamento e redução drástica de vazão na ordem de 100% em virtude do bloqueio total do orifício para o emissor I. Embora o efeito da dosagem de cloro tenha sido linear, não se observaram alterações na vazão dos gotejadores com a aplicação de 10 mg L-1 de cloro livre. UNITERMOS: cloração, emissores autocompensantes, entupimento de emissores.  COELHO, R. D.; TEIXEIRA, M. B.; MÉLO, R. F. de; PAULA, M. C. de. HYDRAULIC CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPENSATING EMITTERS EXPOSED TO FREE CHLORINE DYNAMIC APPLICATION (PART II)  2 ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the hydraulic characterization of 14 compensating emitters regarding the effect of chlorine on the reduction of the flow rate and the linear effect of flow rate reduction at different times and dosages. The reduction of the flow rate was caused by the dynamic application of 100 mg L-1 of free chlorine. The experiment was carried out under laboratory conditions in a metal bench (11.0 m x 4,.0 m) at the University of São Paulo Brazil. Emitter flow was evaluated weekly using the gravimetric method. The studied emitter models presented varying sensitivity to the application of free chlorine. An average reduction of 10 to 20% in the flow rate (L h-1) for most   emitters was observed. The “E” model presented a reduction of 90% in the flow rate over 2,688 operation hours. The “I” model presented a sharp reduction of flow rate on the order of 100% (total clogging). Although the linear effect of chlorine dosage was present in all models, changes in the flow rate among the emitters during chlorine application of 10 mg L-1 were not observed. KEY WORDS: chlorination, compensating emitters, emitter clogging. 

scholarly journals CÁPSULA POROSA: INTERFERÊNCIA NA AMOSTRA DA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO E METODOLOGIA DE LAVAGEM

Irriga ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-448
Author(s):  
Bruno F. F. Pereira ◽  
Tamara M. Gomes ◽  
Sandra F. Nogueira ◽  
Celia R. Montes ◽  
Adolpho J. Melfi
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Real Concentration ◽  
Ceramic Cups ◽  
Blank Solution

CÁPSULA POROSA: INTERFERÊNCIA NA AMOSTRA DA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO E METODOLOGIA DE LAVAGEM  Bruno F. F. Pereira,1; Tamara M. Gomes2; Sandra F. Nogueira3; Célia R. Montes3; Adolpho J. Melfi11Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Núcleo de Pesquisa em Geoquímica e Geofísica da Litosfera, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected]úcleo de Pesquisa em Geoquímica e Geofísica da Litosfera, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP3Núcleo de Pesquisa em Geoquímica e Geofísica da Litosfera, CENA, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP  1 RESUMO As cápsulas porosas de cerâmica (CP) utilizadas para amostrar a solução do solo podem liberar íons na solução interferindo na concentração de determinados elementos nas amostras. Este trabalho tem como objetivos avaliar: (i) a dessorção de cátions interferentes pela CP (ii) a eficiência de uma metodologia de tratamento das CPs, visando minimizar a desorção de cátions. O experimento foi conduzido em laboratório. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado contendo três tratamentos e três repetições. a) Lavagem externa da CP com água deionizada + lavagem em solução HCl (0,1 mol L-1) + 4 ciclos de água deionizada (HCl+A); b) Testemunha: sem lavagem da CP (S). As soluções resultantes foram comparadas com água deionizada (teste em branco - TB). Não foi observado a dessorção significativa de N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn e Al pelas CPs. Cálcio, Mg e Na foram dessorvidos pelas CPs nas seguintes concentrações; 6,73; 0,20 e 0,70 mg L-1, respectivamente, e interferiram significativamente na solução extraída quando comparados com a solução TB. Após o tratamento das CPs, a concentração destes elementos foram inferiores ao limite de detecção para Ca e Na e 0,01 mg L-1 para Mg, não diferindo significativamente da solução em branco. UNITERMOS: íons, limpeza de cápsula porosa, interferência, dessorção  PEREIRA, B. F. F.; GOMES, T. M.; NOGUEIRA, S. F.; MONTES, C. R.; MELFI, A. J. INTERFERENCE OF CERAMIC POROUS CUP ON SOIL SOLUTION SAMPLES  2 ABSTRACT             Ceramic porous cups (CP) used to soil solution sampling in situ can release ions on extracted solution interfering on the real concentration of some elements of the sample. The objectives of this study were to evaluate; (i) cation desorption by the CP and (ii) the efficiency of a new methodology of CPs treatment to decrease the cation desorption. The study was carried out in laboratory. The experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments and three replications; a) external washing of CP with deionized water + washing in HCl (0.1 mol L-1) solution + 4 washing cycles with deionized water (HCl+A); b) No washing of CP (S). The extracted solution from each treatment (HCl+A and S) was compared with deionized water (blank –TB). There was no significant desorption of N, P, K, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn and Al by the CPs. Ca, Mg and Na were desorbed by CP  and had the following concentrations: 6.73, 0.20 and 0.70 mg L-1 respectively. They interfered significantly on the extracted solution when compared with TB solution. After the CPs treatment, Ca and Na concentration on solution were below the limit of detection, and Mg concentration was 0.01 mg L-1, and there was no difference from the blank solution. KEYWORDS: ions, ceramic cups clean-up, interference, desorption

scholarly journals Tendência da incidência de câncer do colo do útero invasor em quatro capitais brasileiras: dados dos registros de câncer de base populacional, 1990-2004

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréia Rodrigues Gonçalves Ayres ◽  
Gulnar Azevedo e Silva ◽  
Raphael Mendonça Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Porto Alegre

Os Registros de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) coletam sistematicamente dados de serviços de diagnóstico e tratamento de pacientes por câncer, fornecendo assim dados de incidência de câncer. No Brasil, os primeiros RCBP surgiram em Recife e São Paulo na década de 1960, e atualmente existem 28 distribuídos entre capitais e demais cidades pelo país. O objetivo do estudo é Analisar a tendência das taxas de incidência do câncer do colo do útero com base nos dados de RCBP selecionados. Foram acessados os dados disponibilizados no site do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) dos RCBP de Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife e São Paulo, para obtenção do número de casos para neoplasia maligna do colo do útero, neoplasia do útero porção não especificada e carcinoma in situ do colo do útero por idade. Foram utilizados os denominadores populacionais informados pelo Ministério da Saúde (Datasus). Foram calculadas as taxas específicas por idade para os grupos etários estratificados de 25 a 34, 35 a 49 e 50 a 59 anos. A tendência foi analisada por regressão polinomial. Os períodos com informações disponíveis de 1990 a 2004 variaram de 7 a 13 anos. A análise gráfica mostrou menor regularidade para Recife. A tendência de incidência para o câncer do colo do útero foi declinante e pode ser, parcialmente, explicada em função do tempo entre mulheres de 35 a 59 anos em Fortaleza (CID-10 C53: 35 a 49 anos ß=-9.11, p<0,001 e 50 a 59 anos ß=-4.53, p=0.02) e São Paulo (CID-10 C53: 35 a 49 anos ß=-4.83, p=0.04 e 50 a 59 anos ß=-4.49, p<0.001). A tendência de incidência de câncer de útero - porção não especificada - mostrou decréscimo entre mulheres de 35 a 59 anos na cidade de Porto Alegre (35-49 anos: p=0.032; 35 a 49 anos: p=0.004 ). A análise da tendência do carcinoma in situ do colo do útero foi crescente em todas as cidades e grupos etários estudados, com exceção de Recife. A regularidade e a cobertura dos RCBP podem interferir na qualidade das estimativas de incidência, porém mesmo com essas limitações, as informações geradas por eles podem ser relevantes para o monitoramento do câncer. A queda observada do câncer invasor e o crescimento do carcinoma in situ em Porto Alegre e Fortaleza podem indicar resultados positivos das ações de rastreamento para o câncer do colo do útero nessas cidades.

scholarly journals Worth a Closer Look: Raman Spectra of Lead-Pipe Scale

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Jill Dill Pasteris ◽  
Yeunook Bae ◽  
Daniel E. Giammar ◽  
Sydney N. Dybing ◽  
Claude H. Yoder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Water System ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Real Time Analysis ◽  
Fiber Optic Probes ◽  
Lead Pipe ◽  
Lead Pipes ◽  
Non Destructive

The identification and characterization of lead-bearing and associated minerals in scales on lead pipes are essential to understanding and predicting the mobilization of lead into drinking water. Despite its long-recognized usefulness in the unambiguous identification of crystalline and amorphous solids, distinguishing between polymorphic phases, and rapid and non-destructive analysis on the micrometer spatial scale, the Raman spectroscopy (RS) technique has been applied only occasionally in the analysis of scales in lead service lines (LSLs). This article illustrates multiple applications of RS not just for the identification of phases, but also compositional and structural characterization of scale materials in harvested lead pipes and experimental pipe-loop/recirculation systems. RS is shown to be a sensitive monitor of these characteristics through analyses on cross-sections of lead pipes, raw interior pipe walls, particulates captured in filters, and scrapings from pipes. RS proves to be especially sensitive to the state of crystallinity of scale phases (important to their solubility) and to the specific chemistry of phases precipitated upon the introduction of orthophosphate to the water system. It can be used effectively alone as well as in conjunction with more standard analytical techniques. By means of fiber-optic probes, RS has potential for in situ, real-time analysis within water-filled pipes.

The Spanish-Dutch War and the Policy of the Spanish Crown toward the Town of Sao Paulo

Itinerario ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
Rafael Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Dutch Republic ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Town ◽  
Made In ◽  
United Provinces

Historians have made in depth studies on the consequences of the Dutch incursions and invasion into the north and northwest of Brazil, for both the Spanish Empire and the United Provinces of the Dutch Republic. The purpose of this paper is to show that the war between Spain and the Dutch Republic also affected the south of Brazil and that it forced Spain to adopt measures that altered the policy of the Spanish Crown regarding Sao Paulo.

Characterization of a glacial neotropical rainforest from pollen and spore assemblages (Colônia, São Paulo, Brazil)

Grana ◽  
2022 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Adriana Mercedes Camejo Aviles ◽  
Marie-Pierre Ledru ◽  
Fresia Ricardi-Branco ◽  
Paula A. Rodríguez-Zorro ◽  
Ricardo J. Francischetti Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Neotropical Rainforest
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