scholarly journals Influence of the nycthemeral cycle on the roosting behaviour of the Orange-winged Amazon

2012 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-516
Author(s):  
Leiliany N. de Moura ◽  
Maria Luisa da Silva ◽  
Jacques M.E. Vielliard
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Endogenous Rhythms ◽  
Circadian Periodicity ◽  
Environmental Stimuli ◽  
Amazona Amazonica

Environmental stimuli exert important effects on the expression of the endogenous rhythms. Daily movements of groups of parrots in response to the light/dark cycle have been studied by several researchers. However, the factors modifying the intrinsic rhythmicity of this behaviour remain little known. This study describes how the nychthemeral/circadian periodicity of roost daily movements of the Orange-winged Amazon Amazona amazonica is modified by weather factors. Numbers of parrots arriving or leaving the roosting site Ilha dos Papagaios were determined on a minute by minute basis. More parrots have significantly arrived at the roost after sunset than before, while more parrots have significantly left the roost before sunrise than after. The peak exodus of parrots occurred at 23 ± 5.24 minutes before sunrise, when the average light intensity was 1 lux. The peak influx of parrots occurred at 6 ± 6.1 minutes after sunset, when the average light intensity was 50 lux. By altering ambient light intensity, weather conditions have significantly influenced the arrival and departure times, with parrots leaving later and arriving earlier when conditions were overcast at the roost site.

Ambient light intensity and direction determine relative attractiveness of yellow traps toRhagoletis indifferens(Diptera: Tephritidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 147 (6) ◽  
pp. 776-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Yee
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Yellow Traps ◽  
Relative Attractiveness ◽  
Variable Light ◽  
Sunlight Intensity ◽  
Trap Placement ◽  
Tephritid Fruit Flies

AbstractUnderstanding factors that influence attraction of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) to objects can lead to development of more sensitive traps for fly detection. Here, the objective was to determine if differences in attractiveness between two sticky yellow rectangle traps to western cherry fruit fly,Rhagoletis indifferensCurran, depend on ambient light intensity and direction. The translucent plastic Yellow Sticky Strip (YSS) was compared with the less translucent yellow cardboard Alpha Scents (AS). Flies were released inside a box or cage opposite a trap or traps illuminated from outside at different intensities to generate variable light passage. Regardless of type, the trap with greatest light passage was most attractive. When the same light intensity was shone on both traps, the YSS, which allowed greater light passage, was more attractive than the AS. When the light was inside a cage and shone onto the two traps in the same direction as approaching flies, the AS reflected more light and was more attractive. A field experiment generally supported light passage effects seen in the laboratory. Results suggest trap placement with respect to sunlight intensity and direction affects light passage and the attractiveness of yellow traps toR. indifferens.

scholarly journals Applying Improved Apriori Algorithm in Figuring out the Relation between Weather Factors and Rainfall

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Siti Zulaikha ◽  
Martaleli Bettiza ◽  
Nola Ritha
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Apriori Algorithm ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Data Store ◽  
Repeated Pattern ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Sun Light

Data on the rainfall is compelling to study as it becomes one of the major factors affecting the weather in a certain region and various aspects of life as well. Generally, predicting rainfall is performed by analyzing data in the past in certain methods. Rainfall is prone to follow repeated pattern in sequence of time. The utilization of big data mining is expected to result in any valuable information that used to be unrevealed in the big data store. Some methods used in data mining are Apriori Algorithm and Improved Apriori Algorithm. Improved Apriori itself is to represent the database in the form of matrix to describe its relation in the database. Data used in this research is the rainfall factor in 2016 in Tanjungpinang city. Based on the test of Improved Apriori Algorithm, it was found out that the relation of the rainfall and weather factors utilizing 2 item sets, that is, if the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the humidity is high (85 - 100), then the rainfall is mild. If the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the light intensity is low (0 – 3), then the rainfall is heavy, and 3 item sets if the temperature is low (24,0 - 26,0), the humidity is high (85 - 100), the sun light intensity is low (0-3), then the rainfall is medium.

scholarly journals Decoupling forest characteristics and background conditions to explain urban-rural variations of multiple microclimate regulation from urban trees

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Wang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Lu Xiao ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Huimei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Urban Trees ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Unit Distance ◽  
Urban Rural

Background Rapid urbanization in semi-arid regions necessitates greater cooling, humidifying, and shading services from urban trees, but maximizing these services requires an exact understanding of their association with forest characteristics and background street and weather conditions. Methods Here, horizontal and vertical air cooling, soil cooling, shading, and humidifying effects were measured for 605 trees from 152 plots in Changchun. Additionally, weather conditions (Tair, relative humidity, and light intensity), forest characteristics (tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH), under-branch height, canopy size, tree density, and taxonomic family of trees) and background conditions (percentage of building, road, green space, water, and building height, building distance to measured trees) were determined for three urban-rural gradients for ring road development, urban settlement history, and forest types. Multiple analysis of variance and regression analysis were used to find the urban-rural changes, while redundancy ordination and variation partitioning were used for decoupling the complex associations among microclimate regulations, forest characteristics, background street and weather conditions. Results Our results show that horizontal cooling and humidifying differences between canopy shade and full sunshine were <4.5 °C and <9.4%, respectively; while vertical canopy cooling was 1.4 °C, and soil cooling was observed in most cases (peak at 1.4 °C). Pooled urban-rural data analysis showed non-monological changes in all microclimate-regulating parameters, except for a linear increase in light interception by the canopy (r2 = 0.45) from urban center to rural regions. Together with the microclimate regulating trends, linear increases were observed in tree density, Salicaceae percentage, Tair, light intensity outside forests, tree distance to surrounding buildings, and greenspace percentage. Redundancy ordination demonstrated that weather differences were mainly responsible for the microclimate regulation variation we observed (unique explanatory power, 65.4%), as well as background conditions (12.1%), and forest characteristics (7.7%). Discussion In general, horizontal cooling, shading, and humidifying effects were stronger in dry, hot, and sunny weather. The effects were stronger in areas with more buildings of relatively lower height, a higher abundance of Ulmaceae, and a lower percentage of Leguminosae and Betulaceae. Larger trees were usually associated with a larger cooling area (a smaller difference per one unit distance from the measured tree). Given uncontrollable weather conditions, our findings highlighted street canyon and forest characteristics that are important in urban microclimate regulation. This paper provides a management strategy for maximizing microclimate regulation using trees, and methodologically supports the uncoupling of the complex association of microclimate regulations in fast urbanization regions.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun Jemuran Otomatis Menggunakan Mikrokontroller WEMOS

CAHAYAtech ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adetya Windiarto Makhmud ◽  
Tutus Praningki ◽  
Ira Luvi Indah
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Internet Of Things

Drying clothes is one of the daily activities of people who use solar energy. With these conditions, people are very dependent on weather conditions that are sometimes erratic. One of the right ways is by utilizing technology, namely using an automatic clothesline using a Wemos D1Mini microcontroller, equipped with an LDR sensor that will read light intensity and the DHT11 sensor will read humidity and temperature around the environment. This tool is also based on the Internet of Things which can be accessed from anywhere as long as it is connected to the internet. Keyword: Microcontroller, LDR sensor, DHT11 sensor, Internet of Things.

Simulations of light effects on the human circadian pacemaker: implications for assessment of intrinsic period

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (1) ◽  
pp. R271-R282 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Klerman ◽  
D. J. Dijk ◽  
R. E. Kronauer ◽  
C. A. Czeisler
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Circadian Pacemaker ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Considerable Debate ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Light Effects ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Substantiation

The sensitivity of the human circadian system to light has been the subject of considerable debate. Using computer simulations of a recent quantitative model for the effects of light on the human circadian system, we investigated these effects of light during different experimental protocols. The results of the simulations indicate that the nonuniform distribution over the circadian cycle of exposure to ordinary room light seen in classical free-run studies, in which subjects select their exposure to light and darkness, can result in an observed period of approximately 25 h, even when the intrinsic period of the subject's endogenous circadian pacemaker is much closer to 24 h. Other simulation results suggest that accurate assessment of the true intrinsic period of the human circadian pacemaker requires low ambient light intensities (approximately 10-15 lx) during scheduled wake episodes, desynchrony of the imposed light-dark cycle from the endogenous circadian oscillator, and a study length of at least 20 days. Although these simulations await further experimental substantiation, they highlight the sensitivity to light of the human circadian system and the potential confounding influence of light on the assessment of the intrinsic period of the circadian pacemaker.

scholarly journals Statistical Modelling of the Effects of Weather Factors on Malaria Occurrence in Abuja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 3474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oguntade Emmanuel Segun ◽  
Shamarina Shohaimi ◽  
Meenakshii Nallapan ◽  
Alaba Ajibola Lamidi-Sarumoh ◽  
Nader Salari
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Malaria Incidence ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Weather Variables ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Unit Increase

Background: despite the increase in malaria control and elimination efforts, weather patterns and ecological factors continue to serve as important drivers of malaria transmission dynamics. This study examined the statistical relationship between weather variables and malaria incidence in Abuja, Nigeria. Methodology/Principal Findings: monthly data on malaria incidence and weather variables were collected in Abuja from the year 2000 to 2013. The analysis of count outcomes was based on generalized linear models, while Pearson correlation analysis was undertaken at the bivariate level. The results showed more malaria incidence in the months with the highest rainfall recorded (June–August). Based on the negative binomial model, every unit increase in humidity corresponds to about 1.010 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.005–1.015) times increase in malaria cases while the odds of having malaria decreases by 5.8% for every extra unit increase in temperature: 0.942 (95% CI, 0.928–0.956). At lag 1 month, there was a significant positive effect of rainfall on malaria incidence while at lag 4, temperature and humidity had significant influences. Conclusions: malaria remains a widespread infectious disease among the local subjects in the study area. Relative humidity was identified as one of the factors that influence a malaria epidemic at lag 0 while the biggest significant influence of temperature was observed at lag 4. Therefore, emphasis should be given to vector control activities and to create public health awareness on the proper usage of intervention measures such as indoor residual sprays to reduce the epidemic especially during peak periods with suitable weather conditions.

scholarly journals Optimizing rearing and welfare in Senegalese sole (Solea senegalesensis) broodstock: Effect of ambient light intensity and handling time on stress response

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 104880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipe Figueiredo ◽  
Cláudia Aragão ◽  
Wilson Pinto ◽  
Maria Teresa Dinis ◽  
Catarina C.V. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Senegalese Sole ◽  
Ambient Light

The effects of handling time, ambient light, and anaesthetic method, on the standardized measurement of fish colouration

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. Gray ◽  
Francine L. Hart ◽  
Maude E.M. Tremblay ◽  
Thomas J. Lisney ◽  
Craig W. Hawryshyn
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Spectral Reflectance ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Light Levels ◽  
Standardized Measurement ◽  
Colour Patterns ◽  
Reflectance Data

The effects of handling time, ambient light intensity, and anaesthetic method, on the collection of spectral reflectance data were assessed in two species of Malawi cichlids ( Melanochromis auratus and Metriaclima zebra ). Using spectrometry, colour patches were measured over 10 min, under increasing ambient light levels, and using three anaesthetic methods. As time elapsed, maximum percent reflectance (Rmax) decreased across all anaesthetic methods and species, suggesting that measurements should be taken immediately after capture and anaesthetization. With increasing light intensity, Rmax increased significantly, suggesting that measurements should be taken under natural ambient conditions when possible. Finally, we found that anaesthetizing fish using an ice bath produced significantly higher Rmax than using either MS-222 (tricaine methanesulphonate) or clove oil (eugenol). However, the highest proportion of ultraviolet (UV) colouration was recorded while fish were anaesthetized with clove oil. Our results highlight the variation involved in measuring fish colour patterns using two related species, and thus indicate the need for a standardized approach to collecting spectral reflectance data in fish.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WEATHER FACTORS AND DOLLAR SPOT OF CREEPING BENTGRASS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT HALL
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acceptable Level ◽  
Sclerotinia Homoeocarpa ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Dollar Spot ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Average Temperature

In 1981 and 1982 epidemics of dollar spot of creeping bentgrass, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, proceeded in a series of steps. Each step began at a point where a decline in the epidemic rate was followed by an increase in the epidemic rate and continued until a new step began. A step in the epidemic occurred after two consecutive wet days if the average temperature for the period was at or above 22 °C or after three or more consecutive wet days if the average temperature for the period was 15 °C or greater. These weather conditions were referred to as "infection periods." In 1982, an application of Tersan 1991 (benomyl) 1 and 2 days after two infection periods provided an acceptable level of disease control as effective as that obtained from a regular preventive schedule of seven sprays.Key words: Agrostis palustris, disease control, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, weather-timed spray

scholarly journals Acute Effects of Morning Light on Plasma Glucose and Triglycerides in Healthy Men and Men with Type 2 Diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth I. Versteeg ◽  
Dirk J. Stenvers ◽  
Dana Visintainer ◽  
Andre Linnenbank ◽  
Michael W. Tanck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Light Intensity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Bright Light ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Ambient Light ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Postprandial Plasma Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Ambient light intensity is signaled directly to hypothalamic areas that regulate energy metabolism. Observational studies have shown associations between ambient light intensity and plasma glucose and lipid levels, but human data on the acute metabolic effects of light are scarce. Since light is the main signal indicating the onset of the diurnal phase of physical activity and food intake in humans, we hypothesized that bright light would affect glucose and lipid metabolism. Therefore, we determined the acute effects of bright light on plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in 2 randomized crossover trials: (1) in 8 healthy lean men and (2) in 8 obese men with type 2 diabetes. From 0730 h, subjects were exposed to either bright light (4000 lux) or dim light (10 lux) for 5 h. After 1 h of light exposure, subjects consumed a 600-kcal mixed meal. Primary endpoints were fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels. In healthy men, bright light did not affect fasting or postprandial plasma glucose levels. However, bright light increased fasting and postprandial plasma triglycerides. In men with type 2 diabetes, bright light increased fasting and postprandial glucose levels. In men with type 2 diabetes, bright light did not affect fasting triglyceride levels but increased postprandial triglyceride levels. We show that ambient light intensity acutely affects human plasma glucose and triglyceride levels. Our findings warrant further research into the consequences of the metabolic effects of light for the diagnosis and prevention of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia.

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