scholarly journals Movement disorders in 28 HIV-infected patients

2002 ◽  
Vol 60 (3A) ◽  
pp. 525-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pitágoras de Mattos ◽  
Ana Lúcia Zuma de Rosso ◽  
Rosalie Branco Corrêa ◽  
Sérgio A.P. Novis
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Axonal Neuropathy ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Holmes Tremor ◽  
Spinal Myoclonus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mass Lesions

From 1986 to 1999, 2460 HIV-positive inpatients were seen in our Hospital. Neurological abnormalities were detected in 1053 (42.8%) patients. In this group, 28 (2.7%) had involuntary movements, 14 (50%) with secondary parkinsonism, six (21.4%) with hemichorea/hemiballismus, four (14.2%) with myoclonus, two (7.2%) with painful legs and moving toes, one (3.6%) with hemidystonia and one (3.6%) with Holmes' tremor. The HIV itself (12 patients), toxoplasmosis of the midbrain (1) and metoclopramide-related symptoms (1) were the most probable causes for the parkinsonism. All patients with hemichorea/hemiballismus were men and in all of them toxoplasmosis of the basal ganglia, mostly on the right side, was the cause of the involuntary movements. Generalized myoclonus was seen in two patients and they were due to toxoplasmosis and HIV-encephalopathy respectively; two others presented with spinal myoclonus. The two patients with painful legs and moving toes had an axonal neuropathy. The patient with hemidystonia suffered from toxoplasmosis in the basal ganglia and the patient with Holmes' tremor had co-infection with tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis affecting the midbrain and cerebellum. We conclude that HIV-infected patients can present almost any movement disorder. They can be related to opportunistic infections, medications, mass lesions and possibly to a direct or indirect effect of the HIV itself.

scholarly journals Spinal myoclonus: report of four cases

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Pitágoras de Mattos ◽  
Ana Lúcia Z. Rosso ◽  
Antonio J. V. Carneiro ◽  
Sergio Novis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Devic’S Disease ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Fourth Patient ◽  
Devic's Disease ◽  
Spinal Myoclonus ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mean Time

Four cases of spinal myoclonus are described, three males and one female. The mean age was 51 years (28-75 years). The mean time between the onset of the myelopathy and the myoclonic jerks was 4.3 months (1-8 months). The involuntary movements were determined by trauma, Devic's disease, tuberculous myelopathy and tumor. Three patients had spastic paraplegia with bilateral myoclonus more evident on the right side. The fourth patient had a flaccid paraplegia with symmetrical jerks. The data suggest that different processes (trauma, demyelinating, infection and tumor) affecting the spinal cord may cause the same type of involuntary movements.

scholarly journals COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis (CAROM)—a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humsheer Singh Sethi ◽  
Kamal Kumar Sen ◽  
Sudhansu Sekhar Mohanty ◽  
Sangram Panda ◽  
Kolluru Radha Krishna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Fungal Spores ◽  
Nasal Discharge ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Pulmonary Mucormycosis ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background There has been a rapid rise in the number of COVID-19-associated rhino-orbital mucormycosis (CAROM) cases especially in South Asian countries, to an extent that it has been considered an epidemic among the COVID-19 patients in India. As of May 13, 2021, 101 CAROM cases have been reported, of which 82 cases were from India and 19 from the rest of the world. On the other hand, pulmonary mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 has a much lesser reported incidence of only 7% of the total COVID-19-associated mucormycosis cases (Singh AK, Singh R, Joshi SR, Misra A, Diab Metab Syndr: Clin Res Rev, 2021). This case report attempts to familiarize the health care professionals and radiologists with the imaging findings that should alarm for follow-up and treatment in the lines of CAROM. Case presentation Rhino-orbital mucormycosis (ROM) is a manifestation of mucormycosis that is thought to be acquired by inhalation of fungal spores into the paranasal sinuses. Here, we describe a 55-year-old male, post COVID-19 status with long standing diabetes who received steroids and ventilator therapy for the management of the viral infection. Post discharge from the COVID-19 isolation ICU, the patient complained of grayish discharge from the right nostril and was readmitted to the hospital for the nasal discharge. After thorough radiological and pathological investigation, the patient was diagnosed with CAROM and managed. Conclusion Uncontrolled diabetes and imprudent use of steroids are both contributing factors in the increased number of CAROM cases. Our report emphasizes on the radiological aspect of CAROM and reinforces the importance of follow-up imaging in post COVID-19 infection cases with a strong suspicion of opportunistic infections.

scholarly journals Thalamic Volume Mediates Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Memory in People With Parkinson’s

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 501-502
Author(s):  
Andrew Petkus ◽  
Megan Gomez ◽  
Dawn Schiehser ◽  
Vincent Filoteo ◽  
Jennifer Hui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Executive Functioning ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Structural Equation Models ◽  
Intracranial Volume ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Basal Ganglia Structures

Abstract Cognitive deficits occur in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with both current and future cognitive decline in this disease. The underlying neurobiological factors explaining this relationship, however, are not well known. In this cross-sectional study we examined the associations between CRF and cognitive performance and whether such associations were mediated by grey matter volumes of basal ganglia structures. A total of 33 individuals with PD underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), CRF evaluation (VO2max), and neuropsychological assessment. Composite scores of episodic memory, executive functioning, attention, language, and visuospatial functioning were generated. Brain MRI morphological measurements was performed with the Freesurfer image analysis suite. Structural equation models were constructed to examine whether sMRI volume estimates of basal ganglia structures, specifically the thalamus and pallidum, mediated associations between VO2 max and cognitive performance while adjusting for age, education, PD disease duration, sex, and intracranial volume. Higher VO2max was associated with better episodic memory (Standardized β=0.390; p=0.009), executive functioning (Standardized β=0.263; p=0.021), and visuospatial performance (β=0.408; p=0.004). Higher VO2max was associated with larger thalamic (Standardized β=0.602; p<0.001) and pallidum (Standardized β=0.539; p<0.001) volumes. Thalamic volume significantly mediated the association between higher VO2max and better episodic memory (indirect effect=0.209) and visuospatial ability (indirect effect=0.178) performance (p<.05). The pallidum did not significantly mediate associations between VO2 max and cognitive outcomes. These results suggest the thalamus plays an important role in the association between CRF episodic memory and visuospatial functioning in individuals with PD.

scholarly journals Cardiac Aspergilloma: A Rare Case of a Cardiac Mass Involving the Native Tricuspid Valve, Right Atrium, and Right Ventricle in an Immunocompromised Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina S. Chen-Milhone ◽  
Kalyan Chakravarthy Potu ◽  
Sudhir Mungee
Keyword(s):  
Tricuspid Valve ◽  
Right Atrium ◽  
Rare Case ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Immunocompromised Patient ◽  
Clinical Suspicion ◽  
Ventricular Rate ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Transthoracic Echocardiogram ◽  
The Right

Aspergillus can cause devastating opportunistic infections in immunocompromised patients. Rarely does this fungus invade the heart, and when it does, survival is especially poor despite optimal medical and surgical treatment. We report a case of cardiac aspergilloma with involvement of the tricuspid valve and both the right atrium and ventricle found on a transthoracic echocardiogram in an immunocompromised patient after developing atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate. The findings from this case suggest that early clinical suspicion is critical in early diagnosis and thus early treatment.

‘Hand mechanogram’ in epilepsia partialis continua

2021 ◽  
pp. practneurol-2021-003041
Author(s):  
Philippe A Salles ◽  
Alberto J Espay
Keyword(s):  
Low Frequency ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Frontal Lesion ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Epilepsia Partialis Continua ◽  
Involuntary Movements ◽  
Right Hand

Epilepsia partialis continua manifests as low-frequency, rhythmic involuntary movements of a focal body part. We report a young man, HIV-positive and with syphilis, who developed right-hand epilepsia partialis continua associated with a small left-sided cortico-subcortical frontal lesion. A pen and paper test provided ‘mechanographic’ data on frequency, amplitude and rhythmicity of the hand movements, helping distinguish it from other causes of low-frequency repetitive hand movements.

scholarly journals BOLD Coherence Reveals Segregated Functional Neural Interactions When Adapting to Distinct Torque Perturbations

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 2107-2120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Tunik ◽  
Paul J. Schmitt ◽  
Scott T. Grafton
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Response Preparation ◽  
Target Capture ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
Neural Interactions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Level Analysis

In the natural world, we experience and adapt to multiple extrinsic perturbations. This poses a challenge to neural circuits in discriminating between different context-appropriate responses. Using event-related fMRI, we characterized the neural dynamics involved in this process by randomly delivering a position- or velocity-dependent torque perturbation to subjects’ arms during a target-capture task. Each perturbation was color-cued during movement preparation to provide contextual information. Although trajectories differed between perturbations, subjects significantly reduced error under both conditions. This was paralleled by reduced BOLD signal in the right dentate nucleus, the left sensorimotor cortex, and the left intraparietal sulcus. Trials included “NoGo” conditions to dissociate activity related to preparation from execution and adaptation. Subsequent analysis identified perturbation-specific neural processes underlying preparation (“NoGo”) and adaptation (“Go”) early and late into learning. Between-perturbation comparisons of BOLD magnitude revealed negligible differences for both preparation and adaptation trials. However, a network-level analysis of BOLD coherence revealed that by late learning, response preparation (“NoGo”) was attributed to a relative focusing of coherence within cortical and basal ganglia networks in both perturbation conditions, demonstrating a common network interaction for establishing arbitrary visuomotor associations. Conversely, late-learning adaptation (“Go”) was attributed to a focusing of BOLD coherence between a cortical–basal ganglia network in the viscous condition and between a cortical–cerebellar network in the positional condition. Our findings demonstrate that trial-to-trial acquisition of two distinct adaptive responses is attributed not to anatomically segregated regions, but to differential functional interactions within common sensorimotor circuits.

Motor Subcircuits Mediating the Control of Movement Velocity: A PET Study

1998 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 2162-2176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Turner ◽  
Scott T. Grafton ◽  
John R. Votaw ◽  
Mahlon R. Delong ◽  
John M. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Rate Effects ◽  
Regression Slopes ◽  
The Right ◽  
Parietal Cortices ◽  
Linear Contrasts ◽  
Rate Of Movement

Turner, Robert S., Scott T. Grafton, John R. Votaw, Mahlon R. DeLong, and John M. Hoffman. Motor subcircuits mediating the control of movement velocity: a PET study. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 2162–2176, 1998. The influence of changes in the mean velocity of movement on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using positron emission tomography (PET) in nine healthy right-handed adults while they performed a smooth pursuit visuomanual tracking task. Images of relative rCBF were obtained while subjects moved a hand-held joystick to track the movement of a target at three different rates of a sinusoidal displacement (0.1, 0.4, and 0.7 Hz). Significant changes in rCBF between task conditions were detected using analysis of variance and weighted linear contrasts. The kinematics of arm and eye movements indicated that subjects performed tasks in a similar manner, particularly during the faster two tracking conditions. Significant increases in rCBF during arm movement (relative to an eye tracking only control condition) were detected in a widespread network of areas known for their involvement in motor control. The activated areas included primary sensorimotor (M1S1), dorsal and mesial premotor, and dorsal parietal cortices in the left hemisphere and to a lesser extent the sensorimotor and superior parietal cortices in the right hemisphere. Subcortically, activations were found in the left putamen, globus pallidus (GP), and thalamus, in the right basal ganglia, and in the right anterior cerebellum. Within the cerebral volume activated with movement, three areas had changes in rCBF that correlated positively with the rate of movement: left M1S1, left GP, and right anterior cerebellum. No movement-related sites had rCBF that correlated negatively with the rate of movement. Regressions of mean percent change (MPC) in rCBF onto mean hand velocity yielded two nonoverlapping subpopulations of movement-related loci, the three sites with significant rate effects and regression slopes steeper than 0.17 MPC⋅cm−1⋅s−1 and all other sites with nonsignificant rate effects and regression slopes below 0.1 MPC⋅cm−1⋅s−1. Moreover, the effects of movement per se and of movement velocity varied in magnitude independently. These results confirm previous reports that movement-related activations of M1S1 and cerebellum are sensitive to movement frequency or some covarying parameter of movement. The activation of GP with increasing movement velocity, not described in previous functional-imaging studies, supports the hypothesis that the basal ganglia motor circuit may be involved preferentially in controlling or monitoring the scale and/or dynamics of arm movements. The remaining areas that were activated equally for all movement rates may be involved in controlling higher level aspects of motor control that are independent of movement dynamics.

scholarly journals The rarity of gonococcal arthritis in association with HIV infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (09) ◽  
pp. 1222-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Maharaj ◽  
Girish M Mody
Keyword(s):  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Throat Swab ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hiv Patients ◽  
Acute Arthritis ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
The Right

Gonococcal urethritis is common with HIV, but gonococcal arthritis is rare. We report two HIV-positive patients with gonococcal arthritis and review previously published reports. A 27-year-old HIV-positive female presented with a pustular skin rash and acute oligoarthritis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the right elbow aspirate. The second patient, a 24-year-old HIV-positive female on zidovudine for one month, presented at 28 weeks gestation with acute oligoarthritis and peroneal tenosynovitis. Neisseria gonorrhoeae was cultured from the throat swab. Both patients responded to ceftriaxone. Gonococcal arthritis must be considered in HIV patients with acute arthritis.

scholarly journals Intracranial Arterial Dissection Related to HIV Infection

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lefeuvre ◽  
L. Liebenberg ◽  
A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Subarachnoid Haemorrhage ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
False Aneurysm ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Pathological Study ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
The Right ◽  
Wall Injury

There are many reasons for patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to develop cerebrovascular disease. The HIV virus itself however may be a cause of vessel wall pathology. We present a clinical and pathological study of a patient who was HIV positive and presented with a subarachnoid haemorrhage. Cerebral angiography and later histology confirm that there was extensive vessel wall injury with dissection and a false aneurysm of the right middle cerebral artery.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDEKATAN MELALUI KONSELING INTERPERSONAL TERHADAP RESPON SOSIAL, EMOSIONAL DAN SPIRITUAL PADA PASIEN HIV/AIDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Indah Jayani ◽  
Fatma Sayekti Ruffaida
Keyword(s):  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Right ◽  
Hiv Aids

Approach to PLWHA by providing interpersonal counseling is the right thing to do to overcome psychological problems including social, emotional and spiritual aspects of PLWHA. This study aims to look at the effect of interpersonal counseling on social, emotional and spiritual responses in HIV/ AIDS patients. This research is a type of non-experimental research with a cross-sectional approach. The sample is post-test people and tested positive for HIV in the Kediri region, which is 32 with purpossive sampling technique. Data on social, emotional and spiritual responses were obtained based on the results of data recapitulation from the instrument in the form of a questionnaire. The results of the study with the non-parametric Wilcoxon test showed there were differences between social responses of HIV/AIDS patients before and after given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000, there were differences between the emotional responses of HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given counseling with p value = 0,000, and there is a difference between spiritual responses in HIV/AIDS patients before being given interpersonal counseling and after being given interpersonal counseling with p value = 0,000. It can be concluded that interpersonal counseling influences social, emotional and spiritual responses of HIV/AIDS patients. It is recommended that the mentoring of HIV/AIDS patients through interpersonal counseling can continue so as to enhance physiological responses that will have an impact on disease prognosis, prevention of opportunistic infections and reduce mortality rates for HIV patients/ AIDS.

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