scholarly journals Psychiatric disorders in multiple sclerosis patients

2009 ◽  
Vol 67 (3a) ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirella Martins Fazzito ◽  
Sérgio Semeraro Jordy ◽  
Charles Peter Tilbery
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Variable Clinical Presentation

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease showing variable clinical presentation. Optic neuritis is the most common symptom, followed by motor and sensitive manifestations. It is known that this disease may be related to several psychiatric disorders, especially depression. In this study we will discribe 5 cases of MS patients harboring psychiatric disorder related or unchained by the disease itself.

scholarly journals Regulation of CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Expression in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Patients after Treatment with Fingolimod, IFNβ-1α, Glatiramer Acetate, and Dimethyl Fumarate Drugs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 721
Author(s):  
Afshin Derakhshani ◽  
Zahra Asadzadeh ◽  
Hossein Safarpour ◽  
Patrizia Leone ◽  
Mahdi Abdoli Shadbad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Relapsing Remitting Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
The Impact

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by inflammation which typically results in significant impairment in most patients. Immune checkpoints act as co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory molecules and play a fundamental role in keeping the equilibrium of the immune system. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), as inhibitory immune checkpoints, participate in terminating the development of numerous autoimmune diseases, including MS. We assessed the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 gene expression in the different cell types of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MS patients using single-cell RNA-seq data. Additionally, this study outlines how CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression was altered in the PBMC samples of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients compared to the healthy group. Finally, it investigates the impact of various MS-related treatments in the CTLA-4 and PD-L1 expression to restrain autoreactive T cells and stop the development of MS autoimmunity.

scholarly journals Astrocyte Glutamate Uptake and Water Homeostasis Are Dysregulated in the Hippocampus of Multiple Sclerosis Patients With Seizures

ASN NEURO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 175909142097960
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Lapato ◽  
Sarah M. Thompson ◽  
Karen Parra ◽  
Seema K. Tiwari-Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Neuronal Excitability ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Glutamate Uptake ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Water Homeostasis ◽  
Hippocampal Astrocytes ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

While seizure disorders are more prevalent among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients than the population overall and prognosticate earlier death & disability, their etiology remains unclear. Translational data indicate perturbed expression of astrocytic molecules contributing to homeostatic neuronal excitability, including water channels (AQP4) and synaptic glutamate transporters (EAAT2), in a mouse model of MS with seizures (MS+S). However, astrocytes in MS+S have not been examined. To assess the translational relevance of astrocyte dysfunction observed in a mouse model of MS+S, demyelinated lesion burden, astrogliosis, and astrocytic biomarkers (AQP4/EAAT2/ connexin-CX43) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry in postmortem hippocampi from MS & MS+S donors. Lesion burden was comparable in MS & MS+S cohorts, but astrogliosis was elevated in MS+S CA1 with a concomitant decrease in EAAT2 signal intensity. AQP4 signal declined in MS+S CA1 & CA3 with a loss of perivascular AQP4 in CA1. CX43 expression was increased in CA3. Together, these data suggest that hippocampal astrocytes from MS+S patients display regional differences in expression of molecules associated with glutamate buffering and water homeostasis that could exacerbate neuronal hyperexcitability. Importantly, mislocalization of CA1 perivascular AQP4 seen in MS+S is analogous to epileptic hippocampi without a history of MS, suggesting convergent pathophysiology. Furthermore, as neuropathology was concentrated in MS+S CA1, future study is warranted to determine the pathophysiology driving regional differences in glial function in the context of seizures during demyelinating disease.

T cell response to two immunodominant proteolipid protein (PLP) peptides in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Pelfrey ◽  
LR Tranquill ◽  
AB Vogt ◽  
HF McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Proteolipid Protein ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Hla Binding ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in which autoimmune T lymphocytes reacting with myelin antigens are believed to play a pathogenic role. Since HLA binding is involved in the selection of T cell responses, we have examined PLP peptide binding to HLA DR2, an HLA allele frequently found in MS patients. Both PLP 40–60 and PLP 89–106 show significant, high affinity binding to HLA DR2. We then tested whether responses to PLP peptides 40–60 and 89–106 are elevated in multiple sclerosis patients compared to matched controls. We also analysed T cell responses to MBP 87–106, which is considered to be the immunodominant region of MBP in humans. Here we demonstrate heterogenous T cell responses to PLP 40–60, PLP 89–106 and MBP 87–106 in both MS patients and controls. The overall number of TCL and the HLA restriction of those TCL did not vary significantly in the two groups. PLP 40–60 specific cytolytic TCL were increased in MS patients, whereas healthy controls had increased percentages of cytolytic TCL responding to PLP 89–106 and MBP 87–106. Although the data presented here shows heterogenous responses in T cell numbers, differences in numbers and specificity of cytolytic cells could be involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating disease.

scholarly journals Analysis of macular and nerve fibre layer thickness in multiple sclerosis patients according to severity level and optic neuritis episodes

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 379-388
Author(s):  
A. Soler García ◽  
F. Padilla Parrado ◽  
L.C. Figueroa-Ortiz ◽  
A. González Gómez ◽  
A. García-Ben ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Severity Level ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Mitochondrial haplogroups in Basque multiple sclerosis patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Otaegui ◽  
A Sáenz ◽  
M Martínez-Zabaleta ◽  
P Villoslada ◽  
I Fernández-Manchola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplogroups ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Mitochondrial Haplogroup ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Previous studies have suggested that mitochondrial metabolism and/or mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) could be, in conjunction with other genetic or environmental factors, a risk factor for the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). One of these studies establishes that mitochondrial haplogroup JT is a risk factor for developing the disease, in particular the visual manifestations [optic neuritis (ON)]. Nevertheless, as distribution of these haplogroups varies between populations, the observed association may be due to a slanted sample with no physiopathological value. This hypothesis was checked with MS patients, originals from Basque country (this population has peculiar genetic characteristics) and from other Spanish regions. We concluded that such an association does not exist. By contrast, a decrease could be seen in the frequency of the JT haplogroup in the ON group and in the MS-Basque group. That trend could be a protective effect, which needs to be verified in further investigations.

scholarly journals Informal caregiving in multiple sclerosis patients: data from the Madrid demyelinating disease group study

2003 ◽  
Vol 25 (18) ◽  
pp. 1057-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rivera-Navarro ◽  
José Manuel Morales-González ◽  
Julián Benito-León ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Demyelinating Disease ◽  
Informal Caregiving ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Reduced visual evoked responses in multiple sclerosis patients with optic neuritis: Comparison of functional magnetic resonance imaging and visual evoked potentials

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Gareau ◽  
J S Gati ◽  
R S Menon ◽  
D Lee ◽  
G Rice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Evoked

The limited application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for investigations of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has already shown that deficits of the motor, cognitive and visual systems may be identified by differences in the patterns of activation in response to a suitable stimulus. In MS patients with unilateral optic neuritis, the area of activation in the primary visual cortex, measured by fMRI techniques, is dramatically reduced in response to stimulation of the affected eye. The latency of the major positive component of the visual evoked potential (VEP) recorded upon stimulation of the affected eye is significantly increased in these patients, as compared to the unaffected eye and normal volunteers. We have found a correlation between the neural response measured using fMRI and the latency of the VEP. fMRI signal responses have the potential to provide more detailed topographic information relating to functional deficits in MS.

scholarly journals Co-existence of multiple sclerosis and germinoma in an adult male: Case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Jan Bian ◽  
Alison Westrup ◽  
Sarah Sung ◽  
Nidhiben A. Anadani ◽  
Kar-Ming Fung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Obstructive Hydrocephalus ◽  
Ivig Therapy ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Third Ventriculostomy ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
Initial Work

Background: Concurrent diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the central nervous system (CNS) germinoma is rare. The diagnostic criteria for MS rely primarily on clinical presentation, and CNS germinoma can present as an MS mimic. These factors contribute to the rarity of dual diagnosis. Case Description: A 28-year-old man presented initially with bilateral optic neuritis, manifesting as persistently worsening vision for 2 years, and demyelinating plaques identified within the corpus callosum on magnetic resonance imaging. Initial work-up, in addition to clinical presentation, led to diagnosis of MS. Three months following the diagnosis of MS, the patient then presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to a newly diagnosed intraventricular mass. The patient underwent an endoscopic third ventriculostomy and biopsy which confirmed diagnosis of CNS germinoma. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, dual presentation of both MS and CNS germinoma has never been reported in the literature. The clinical presentation of bilateral optic neuritis (persisting for roughly 2 years before initial MS diagnosis), demyelinating plaques, and intrathecal oligoclonal bands before the development of an intraventricular mass indicates that both MS and CNS germinoma presented simultaneously in this patient. The treatment plan for this patient included carboplatin + etoposide, followed by adjuvant radiation and subsequent IVIG therapy.

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