scholarly journals Dostoyevsky and epilepsy: between science and mystique

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antenilson Franklyn Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Dante Marcello Claramonte Gallian

This article, the result of a research project presented as a Master's degree dissertation in the graduate program of "Teaching of Health Education" at UNIFESP, seeks to highlight the pertinence of analyzing epilepsy and especially, the paradoxical experience of the epileptic individual through literary narrative. Using as its object the novel, The Idiot, by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, it seeks to discuss the relationship between epilepsy and the mystic experience, bearing in mind the context of the scientific and humanistic perspectives of the 19th century and today.

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
İrfan Karakoç

During the second half of the 19th century, while the Ottoman press, publishing and literary platforms were flourishing, a need for a more “practical” language of writing arose to convey ideas, and there was a great need to have a new, a more practical language while writing. A language that can convey an idea, a language that can produce information, and a writing style that can spread both. This need for a new language is emphasized by the prominent figures of “New Literature”, and to these writers and prominent figures in the Ottoman state novel as a genre seemed promising for the modernization of Ottoman society as a whole.This article is focusing on the novel’s function during the second half of the 19th century. At the centre of the matter is the reaction of Ottoman –Turkish intelligentsia to the new genre. The article is trying to depict the relationship between classical forms and the new genre and how writers were motivated to merge and create a local novel genre. While doing that we will be mentioning why and how this new genre made local by the names, such as sergüzeşt and hikaye and it’s communication with the “acaib u garaib – supernatural stories” of the Middle Eastern classical literature.Extended English summary is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file. ÖzetOsmanlı basın ve edebiyat ortamının 1850’lerden sonra hareketlenmeye başlamasının da etkisiyle, edebiyatın fikri, düşünceyi ifade edebilecek, bilgi üretecek ve onu yayacak bir “yazı dili”ne ihtiyacı açık bir şekilde anlaşılmıştır. Bu ihtiyaç, “yeni edebiyat”ın önemli temsilcileri ve modernleşmeye çalışan devletin yöneticileri tarafından da sıklıkla vurgulanmıştır. İşte bu yönetici/yazarlar, modernleşmek için ihtiyaç duydukları bu yeni dili, çok yönlü bir şekilde kullanabilecekleri bir araç olan romanla kurabileceklerini fark etmişlerdir.Türün XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısındaki serüvenine odaklanan bu çalışmada, işte bu yazı dilinin Osmanlı-Türk edebiyatında yazar, okur, matbuat yani edebiyat kamusu tarafından nasıl algılandığı üzerinde düşünülecektir. Makalede, doğayı, insanı, toplumu anlatan romanın, Osmanlı edebiyatına girişine kadar dolaşımda olan hikâye etme pratikleriyle olan ilişkisi de göz önünde bulundurulacaktır. Ayrıca, bu ilişkinin edebiyat tarihi araştırmalarında yorumlanma tarzı, türe gösterilen davranış kalıpları Osmanlı-Türkiye modernleşme refleksleri üzerinden tartışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda türün sergüzeşt, hikâye kelimeleriyle yerelleştirilmesi, ahlâkı temel alan bir yapıyla yazılması ve Ortadoğu klasik edebiyatlarında görülen “acâib ü gâraib” anlatılarıyla bağlantısı tartışılacaktır.


ATAVISME ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Christina Dewi

Max Havelaar is a literary work by Multatuli, a.k.a. E.E. Douwes Dekker. This novel is usually known as a novel with an anti-colonial image. While in the other hand, this novel never suggests to stop colonialism done by Dutch in Hindia Belanda. This research aims at revealing the relationship between colonialism's views with its innovation of narrative technique in this novel. The first analysis is trying to do a focalization on MH. The writer wants to do it because MH presents an argument about the essence of colonialism in Hindia Belanda through opinions and views from three focalizations. MH uniquely uses three focalizers and its uniqueness is shown by Stern as a narrator-fokalizer in the Lebak Episode. Although Stern is one of the characters in the novel, it gives the impression that Stern is in a neutral position. He takes place in the middle-position between the two other character-focalizers. However, since he is one of the characters in this novel, his focalization is not perfectly neutral in the manner of inviting the readers to support the attitude of Multatuli, Readers are confronted to make a choice between the war of anticolonial or procolonial interests and to support either one of the two character-fokulizers : Multatuli or Droogstoppcl. The orientalism theory has been applied to conduct focalization in the novel as the research object.. The novel characterizes Multatuli and Stern as opposing figures against the forced labor while Droogstoppcl, on the other hand, as a figure who is supporting forced labor of the coffee trade. MH strove for labors to earn proper wages so that the issue about the procedures of cultuur-stelsel has a special place in MH. Anti-colonial traits are shown by a rejection of low wages, oppression, robbery, injustice, mistreating, and discrimination. This novel is influencing the colonial hegemony of the competition of industrial products among colonized countries in Europe in the 19th century. That is why liberation values in MH restricted only to the liberation of the labor class from capitalists and people from low-classes from tyrants. This novel does not discuss political liberation


Author(s):  
Malkhaz Chokharadze

Chorokhi is the main river of historical southern Georgia. Interesting background knowledge about sailing on Chorokhi was preserved by the press and the records of travelers of the last quarter of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, as well as by the collective memory of the population living by the edge of the river. Interestingly, the Chorokhi navigation area has almost never been reflected in fiction. Therefore, the work “Adjarians” by Arthur Zuttner is undoubtedly of great importance.Arthur Zuttner, an Austrian writer, lived in Georgia with his wife Bertha from 1876-1885. “Adjarians” was published in Germany in 1888, and the Georgian translation by Rusudan Ghvinepadze was published in 2007.“Adjarians” reflects the reality of southern Georgia before the Russo-Ottoman war of 1877-78. The action takes place mainly in the Chorokhi basin. The author describes the Chorokhi boat and sailing in only a few episodes, though, quite extensively. The work deals with the navigation images described by Zuttner in the novel, especially how the Chorokhi navigation area is reflected in the work and what is the relationship between the relevant episodes of the novel and the objective reality. It is obvious that the writer has deep insight into the life of the Chorokhi sailors and the local specifics of the river sailing. Obviously, Suttner's text is an artistic interpretation of reality, but it must also be noted that the navigational narrative in Suttner’s novel, with a few exceptions, accurately depicts a number of 19th century details of the Chorokhi navigation artery. Consequently, the images depicted in the novel are undoubtedly interesting for the literature lovers and the readers of fiction interested in the history or details of life.


2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
D. Meshkov

The article presents some of the author’s research results that has got while elaboration of the theme “Everyday life in the mirror of conflicts: Germans and their neighbors on the Southern and South-West periphery of the Russian Empire 1861–1914”. The relationship between Germans and Jews is studied in the context of the growing confrontation in Southern cities that resulted in a wave of pogroms. Sources are information provided by the police and court archival funds. The German colonists Ludwig Koenig and Alexandra Kirchner (the resident of Odessa) were involved into Odessa pogrom (1871), in particular. While Koenig with other rioters was arrested by the police, Kirchner led a crowd of rioters to the shop of her Jewish neighbor, whom she had a conflict with. The second part of the article is devoted to the analyses of unty-Jewish violence causes and history in Ak-Kerman at the second half of the 19th and early years of 20th centuries. Akkerman was one of the southern Bessarabia cities, where multiethnic population, including the Jews, grew rapidly. It was one of the reasons of the pogroms in 1865 and 1905. The author uses criminal cases` papers to analyze the reasons of the Germans participation in the civilian squads that had been organized to protect the population and their property in Ackerman and Shabo in 1905.


2020 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Gronsky

The article examines the relationship between Western Russianism (Zapadnorusizm) and Byelorussian nationalism. Byelorussian nationalism is much younger than Western Russianism, finally shaping only in the end of the 19th century. Before 1917 revolution Byelorussian nationalism could not compete with Western Russianism. The national policy of the Bolsheviks contributed to the decline of Western Russianism and helped Byelorussian nationalism to gain stronger positions. However, Byelorussian nationalists actively cooperated with the occupation authorities during the Great Patriotic war. That caused distinctly negative attitude of Byelorussians towards the movement and collaborators. Currently, Byelorussian nationalism is supported both by the opposition and by the government. Western Russianism has no political representation, but is supported by the majority of Byelorussian population.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Blaise ◽  
Małgorzata Sokołowicz ◽  
Sylvie Triaire

This volume, the result of a conference held in Warsaw in December 2019 as a part of a Franco-Polish research project on crises in literature, focuses on the relationships that the literature maintains with other fields of knowledge. These relationships, made up of sharing, collaboration or tension, were primarily theorized in the 19th century when the founding "disciplines" of our universities and research practices were established, but they had existed before. The texts presented in this volume allow us to verify this, from the Renaissance period to contemporary literature. They deal with historical circumstances and aesthetic changes in the course of which literature has forged links with religious or historical thought and discourse, accompanied the emergence of sociology or ethnography, and prepared new disciplines, such as demography. And it has always reinvested this new knowledge with a humanist and poetic dimension. Does the literature crisis lay in its capacity for reinvestment of what seems to escape from it and aiming at autonomy?


Author(s):  
Andrew Kahn

The Short Story: A Very Short Introduction charts the rise of the short story from its original appearance in magazines and newspapers. For much of the 19th century, tales were written for the press, and the form’s history is marked by engagement with popular fiction. The short story then earned a reputation for its skilful use of plot design and character study distinct from the novel. This VSI considers the continuity and variation in key structures and techniques such as the beginning, the creation of voice, the ironic turn or plot twist, and how writers manage endings. Throughout, it draws on examples from an international and flourishing corpus of work.


2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-56
Author(s):  
Christian Schmitt

Abstract The discrepancy between common temporary expectations of Switzerland as idyll on the one hand, and the reality of its industrially organized tourism on the other, imposes irritations upon the touristic gaze. This article, then, traces the origins of this discrepancy and examines the relationship between Swiss idyll and tourism in the 19th century. The analyses of Ida Hahn-Hahn’s Eine Idylle and Hans Christian Andersen’s Iisjomfruen showcase different ways of relating idyll and tourism to one another as well as the aesthetic merit produced by this constellation.


1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-205
Author(s):  
J. A. Le Loux-Schuringa

Summary In this paper some theories on tenses are described. These theories appeared in the Netherlands in the first half of the 19th century. The purpose is not just describing the different tense-systems of P. Weiland (1805), W. Bilderdijk (1826), W. G. Brill (1846) and L. A. te Winkel (1866). In the first half of the 19th century some fundamental changes took place. It is shown that these changes are based upon continuity of research of time and tense in the Dutch tradition. This continuity is found on three levels: (a) The research was concentrated on the verbal forms, no other information from the sentence was used. (b) The grammarians took the relationship between linguistic forms and logical categories as a one-to-one relation. (c) The morphological form of the Dutch language determined the grammatical representation of the tense-systems more and more.


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