scholarly journals Effects of coloured shade netting on the vegetative development and leaf structure of Ocimum selloi

Bragantia ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Corrêa do Bomfim Costa ◽  
José Eduardo Brasil Pereira Pinto ◽  
Evaristo Mauro de Castro ◽  
Eduardo Alves ◽  
Suzan Kelly Vilela Bertolucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Lower Plants

The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of shading on the growth and development of the medicinal plant Ocimum selloi after 90 days. Seedlings were maintained under three different light treatments, namely, full sunlight vs coloured shade treatments provided by red and blue ChromatiNet® 50% coloured netting. After 90 days of cultivation, height, stem diameter, petiole length, total leaf area (TLA), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf weight ratio (LWR) of each plant hare measured. Microscopic examination of leaf sections were conducted in order to determine the leaf blade thicknesses, together with the size and density of the stomata, the number and area of chloroplasts, and chloroplast starch grains present in the palisade parenchyma cells. Although coloured shade-grown plants were taller in comparison with those grown in full sunlight, total dry biomass together with root, stem and leaf tissue biomasses were lower. Plants exhibited phenotypic plasticity, as demonstrated by the different TLA, SLA, LAR and LWR values that were recorded under the various light treatments. Stomatal density and leaf thickness was increased in plants maintained in full sunlight owing to the expansion of the abaxial epidermis and the spongy parenchyma. Chloroplasts were more numerous and larger in plants grown under shading, whilst the accumulation of chloroplastic starch grains was greater in plants grown under red shading or in full sunlight.

scholarly journals Plant biometric characterization and leaf micromorphometry of Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd cultivated under shade

Revista CERES ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Ellen Carla Francisca Alexandre ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Jose Weselli de Sá Andrade ◽  
Sebastião Carvalho Vasconcelos Filho ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Talinum Triangulare

ABSTRACT Talinum triangulare (Jacq.) Willd, known as Ceylon spinach, Surinam purslane, or waterleaf, is cultivated for medicinal and food purposes. Among environmental factors, light is an important regulator of primary production, contributing to plant growth. However, the success of each plant species depends on its morphoanatomical responses to light. The aim of this study was to determine whether T. triangulare leaf micromorphometry is affected when grown in full sun and under shade, and if so, which plant biometric variables are affected. T. triangulare cultivation was tested in beds arranged in blocks under shade levels of 0, 18, 30, and 50%. Each bed was considered a basic experimental unit, totaling four replications per treatment. Plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, stem fresh weight, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, abaxial epidermis, and mesophyll thickness were higher as shade levels increased. However, there was a decrease in the number of leaves, root to shoot ratio, stomatal density on abaxial and adaxial surfaces, and palisade parenchyma thickness. Nevertheless, root length, leaf and stem dry weights, leaf weight ratio, adaxial stomatal index, adaxial epidermis, and spongy parenchyma thickness remained constant. Plants responded differently to shade, with morphological and anatomical changes, suggesting a phenotypic plasticity and raising the possibility of being grown both in shaded environments and in full sunlight.

Vegetative Development: Total Leaf Area and Surface Area Indexes

2010 ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Sánchez-de-Miguel ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
Pedro Junquera ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Vegetative Development ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf

scholarly journals Growth and biomass allocation of the C4 grasses Brachiaria brizantha and B. humidicola under shade

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 2335-2341 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOACYR BERNARDINO DIAS-FILHO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Allocation ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
High Light ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Allocation Pattern ◽  
Full Sunlight

The growth and biomass allocation responses of the tropical forage grasses Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and B. humidicola were compared for plants grown outdoors, in pots, in full sunlight and those shaded to 30% of full sunlight over a 30day period. The objective was to evaluate the acclimation capacity of these species to low light. Both species were able to quickly develop phenotypic adjustments in response to low light. Specific leaf area and leaf area ratio were higher for low-light plants during the entire experimental period. Low-light plants allocated significantly less biomass to root and more to leaf tissue than high-light plants. However, the biomass allocation pattern to culms was different for the two species under low light: it increased in B. brizantha, but decreased in B. humidicola, probably as a reflection of the growth habits of these species. Relative growth rate and tillering were higher in high-light plants. Leaf elongation rate was significantly increased on both species under low light; however, the difference between treatments was higher in B. brizantha. These results are discussed in relation to the pasture management implications.

scholarly journals Effect of Wind and Soil Moisture on the Growth of `Bluecrop' (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 648c-648
Author(s):  
W. Alan Erb ◽  
Mark Pyeatt
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Weight Ratio ◽  
Leaf Weight Ratio ◽  
Canopy Volume ◽  
Temperature Experiment

This study was conducted in the greenhouse by running two experiments at different temperature regimes (22°C day and 13°C night and 33°C day and 22°C night). One-year-old tissue culture propagated plants were irrigated at three different soil moisture tension levels (5, 15, and 30 cnbars) and either exposed to moving or still air. The moving air treatment was created by two 51-cm-diameter fans running at either low (5.6 mph) or medium (8.2 mph) speed. Each experiment included, forty-eight plants arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each block consisted of a greenhouse bench containing two fans, a plastic dividing wall and two plant replications for each treatment. Canopy volume measurements were taken at the beginning, middle and end of each experiment to estimate growth rate. At the end of each experiment, total leaf area and leaf, stem and root dry weight data were collected. In the moderate temperature experiment, the still air treated plants had the highest canopy volume and leaf weight ratio while the moving air treated plants had the highest stem weight ratio. The only difference for the moisture treatments was the 5-cnbar treatment had the highest canopy volume. In the high temperature experiment, the still air treated plants had the highest canopy volume, total leaf area, leaf dry weight, shoot/root ratio, leaf weight ratio and leaf area duration while the moving air treated plants had the highest root weight ratio. The 5-cnbar treatment had the highest canopy volume and biomass accumulations. The 30-cnbar treatment had the highest root weight ratio.

Comparative histological basis of sun and shade leaf dimorphism in Helianthus annuus

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 717-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy G. Dengler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Cell Enlargement ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Spongy Mesophyll ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
Significant Difference

The development processes which give rise to the histological differences between leaves expanding under full daylight and 25% daylight are described for Helianthus annuus. Generally the pattern of cell division and cell enlargement in shaded leaves lags behind that in unshaded leaves by about 2 days. There is no significant difference in the amount of cell enlargement in the paradermal plane in the epidermis and palisade layers of shaded leaves as compared with leaves expanding in full sunlight. However, cell division in all cell layers occurs at greater rates in unshaded leaves, resulting in greater final leaf area. Cell elongation in both palisade layers is of longer duration and occurs at a greater rate in unshaded leaves and is closely correlated with increase in leaf thickness. The volumes of palisade and spongy mesophyll are significantly greater in unshaded leaves than in shaded leaves, but the relative proportions of each tissue type does not change significantly. However, in shaded leaves there are fewer spongy mesophyll cells per unit area and a greater proportion of intercellular space than in unshaded leaves. Stomata are formed over the same time period in leaves grown at both intensities, but differentiate at greater rates in leaves grown in full sunlight, giving greater final stomatal density. These observations indicate that a sun plant such as Helianthus responds phenotypically to lowered light intensity primarily by a reduction in cell division (resulting in reduced leaf area), and secondarily by modifying cell expansion in a plane perpendicular to paradermal resulting in the characteristic anatomy of shaded leaves.

The influence of temperature and genotype on the growth and stomatal morphology of southern beech, Nothofagus cunninghamii (Nothofagaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Hovenden
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
National Park ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Stomatal Index ◽  
Stomatal Morphology ◽  
Southern Beech

Nothofagus cunninghamii (Hook.) Oerst. clones of five different genotypes from Mt Field National Park, Tasmania, were grown in controlled environment cabinets at daytime temperatures of 23 and 18°C. These temperatures approximate summer conditions in Tasmania at sea level and at about 700 m a.s.l., respectively. There was a significant effect of both temperature and genotype on plant height, but there was no interaction of these terms. Temperature also had a significant influence on plant leaf area and biomass. Plants grown at 23°C were significantly larger and allocated more biomass to leaf tissue than did those grown at 18°C. Importantly, temperature had no impact on the size of leaves, whether expressed as average weight per leaf or area per leaf, but these variables were strongly affected by genotype. Specific leaf area, stomatal density and stomatal index did not vary with either temperature or genotype. These results have implications for our understanding of altitudinal impacts on plant morphology and also for the interpretation of the fossil record, since temperature has little impact on leaf characters in this species.

Phytochrome B control of total leaf area and stomatal density affects drought tolerance in rice

2011 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liu ◽  
Fang Zhang ◽  
Jinjun Zhou ◽  
Fan Chen ◽  
Baoshan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Phytochrome B ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf

scholarly journals Changes of leaf anatomical profile of cocoa clones seedlings in response to drought.

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Fakhrusy Zakariyya ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Abaxial Epidermis ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll

Cocoa is a plant that is very sensitive to drought during its growth and development phase, which causes changes up to the anatomical and morphologicallevel. This research is aimed to examine the changes on several leaf anatomical characteristics of three cocoa clones under the drought stress. This research was conducted in a greenhouse of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember, East Java, Indonesia in January – December 2017. The research was designedusing randomized complete block design with two factors including clones and watering time interval, with three replications. The clone factor comprised of ICS 60,KW 641, and Sulawesi 1. The result showed that the clones of Sulawesi 1 and KW 641 cocoa had a higher mesophyll thickness, lower stomatal density, narrowerstomatal opening, thicker abaxial and adaxial epidermis, and higher relative water content compared to ICS 60 clone. The 8-day watering interval caused a decreasein mesophyll thickness, leaf thickness, increase in stomatal density, stomatal closure, decrease in abaxial epidermis thickness, and decrease in water status within the plant tissue. The thicker the leaf mesophyll tissue, the higher the leaf water content was. This showed that the water status within a plant leaf tissue determined bythe leaf mesophyll thickness.

scholarly journals Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asiah A. Malek ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Stuart L. Warren ◽  
James E. Shelton
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Total Plant ◽  
Top Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Dry Weight

Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.

scholarly journals Short-term Effect of Uniconazole on the Water Relations and Growth of Ligustrum

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Steinberg ◽  
Jayne M. Zajicek ◽  
Marshall J. McFarland
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Daily Water ◽  
And Control

Growth of potted Ligustrum was controlled by uniconazole at 3.0 mg a.i./pot. Uniconazole inhibited growth by inducing shorter internodes with smaller diameter and by reducing secondary branching and new leaf production. As a result, the total leaf area of the treated plants was 6396 less than the control plants. The chlorophyll content of recently expanded leaves was 27% lower in treated than in control plants, even though there were no visual differences in leaf color. Leaves of treated plants also had a 28% higher stomatal density than the control. The liquid flow conductance of Ligustrum was 3.7 × 10-14 m·s-1·Pa-1 and was similar for plants in both treatments. Differences in daily water, use between the two treatments began to appear at the same time as differences in growth. Total water use of treated plants was 13% less than that of the control. When daily water use was normalized on a-leaf-area basis, water use between treatments was similar, suggesting that differences in total water use were primarily due to differences in leaf area. For plants in both treatments, peak sap flow rates in the main trunk ranged between 60 and 100 g·h-1·m-2. Leaf conductance, transpiration rates, and water potential were also similar for treated and control plants. Chemical name used: (E)-1-(4-chlorophenyll) -4,4, -dimethyl-2-(l,2,4-triazo1-l-y1)-l-penten-3-ol (uniconazole).

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