scholarly journals The effects of air pollution on cardiovascular diseases: lag structures

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 677-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Conceição Martins ◽  
Luiz A A Pereira ◽  
Chin A Lin ◽  
Ubiratan P Santos ◽  
Gildeoni Prioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Female Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Gender Groups

OBJECTIVE: To assess the lag structure between air pollution exposure and elderly cardiovascular diseases hospital admissions, by gender. METHODS: Health data of people aged 64 years or older was stratified by gender in São Paulo city, Southeastern Brazil, from 1996 to 2001. Daily levels of air pollutants (CO, PM10, O3, NO2, and SO2) , minimum temperature, and relative humidity were also analyzed. It were fitted generalized additive Poisson regressions and used constrained distributed lag models adjusted for long time trend, weekdays, weather and holidays to assess the lagged effects of air pollutants on hospital admissions up to 20 days after exposure. RESULTS: Interquartile range increases in PM10 (26.21 mug/m³) and SO2 (10.73 mug/m³) were associated with 3.17% (95% CI: 2.09-4.25) increase in congestive heart failure and 0.89% (95% CI: 0.18-1.61) increase in total cardiovascular diseases at lag 0, respectively. Effects were higher among female group for most of the analyzed outcomes. Effects of air pollutants for different outcomes and gender groups were predominately acute and some "harvesting" were found. CONLUSIONS: The results show that cardiovascular diseases in São Paulo are strongly affected by air pollution.

scholarly journals Relationship between preterm birth and air pollution in Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M E L Brandao ◽  
B A L F Braga ◽  
M L C Martins ◽  
P L A A Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Fourth Quartile

Abstract Santos is a seaboard Brazilian city recognized by its port activity where the road and rail infrastructure along with the large transportation operation, displays an important factor to contribute with all kinds of toxic and air pollutants. Recent studies have suggested associations between air pollution and various birth outcomes. Pollutant gases such as NOx, O3 and particulate matter PM2,5, PM10 have been cited as factors involved in such outcomes. The present study aims to assess the relationship between atmospheric pollutants and perinatal outcomes in the city of Santos from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2015. Cross-sectional study that analyzed 10.319 singleton births in an area set with 2 km radius of the monitoring stations. Birth weight and information on mother and pregnancy were obtained at the Brazilian “Born Alive National Information System”. Daily records of air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and O3), temperature and relative air humidity, for the study period, were obtained from São Paulo State Environmental Agency (CETESB). Associations between preterm birth and air pollutants mean levels at each gestational trimester were investigated using multiple logistic regression model controlled by the variables: infant sex, type of delivery, maternal education. prenatal care, and number of previous live births, temperature and relative air humidity. NO2 e PM2,5 was not associated with preterm birth. O3 was significantly associated in the first trimester in the fourth quartile (OR = 1,47 CI 95% 1,05; 2,07). PM10 was significantly associated in the first trimester for the fourth quartile (OR = 1,28 CI 95% 1,00; 1,64), second trimester for the second quartile (OR = 1,37 CI 95% 1,07; 1,77). Conclusions the results shows evidence that maternal exposure to air pollution especially during the first trimester of pregnancy may contribute to preterm birth. Further actions are needed towards controlling air pollution are strongly recommended for promoting early-life health. Key messages This is the first research of this kind that was made in Santos. It brings important evidence of the impact in the life of the population, especially those whose is not even born yet. It can be used as a resource to guide public policies in health, especially the guidelines that dictate the concentration of air pollutants and air quality.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequalities and exposure to traffic-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Habermann ◽  
Míriam Souza ◽  
Rogério Prado ◽  
Nelson Gouveia
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Air pollution is a leading public health concern. In addition, poor populations have been reported as showing increased exposure to such pollution. The current study thus aimed to evaluate the socioeconomic status of the population exposed to vehicle-related air pollution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study used data from the 2010 Census on head-of-household’s mean monthly income and the percentage of households connected to the sewage system. Exposure to air pollutants was estimated according to traffic density in the census tract plus a 200m surrounding buffer. The relationship between exposure and socioeconomic variables was analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Exposure increased with increasing socioeconomic status (p < 0.001). The population with the highest socioeconomic status lives in the most polluted areas of the city. However, place of residence alone is not capable of measuring exposure. The study suggests that future epidemiological studies include other indicators of vulnerability.

scholarly journals Anomalous scales of Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. (Bromeliaceae) exposed in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, SP, Brazil as air pollution markers

Hoehnea ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Giampaoli ◽  
Natalie do Valle Capelli ◽  
Armando Reis Tavares ◽  
Francine Faia Fernandes ◽  
Marisa Domingos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Initial Evaluation ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
Tillandsia Usneoides ◽  
São Paulo State

Tillandsia usneoides is an epiphytic bromeliad that has been used as a universal bioindicator. The species accumulates metals and presents foliar scale variations when exposed to air pollutants. This study aimed to use the variations in foliar scales as microscopic markers of pollutant effects in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas (MRC), São Paulo State, Brazil. T. usneoides plants were exposed for 12 weeks during dry and wet seasons, totaling four exposures, at five sites in the MRC. Samples were selected before each exposure for initial evaluation of the plants (T0). Leaf fragments were fixed in glutaraldehyde and total scale density and anomalous scale percentage were evaluated. Plants exposed in the MRC showed anomalies and changes in number of subperipheral cells of leaf scales. When compared to T0, T. usneoides presented higher total scale density and anomalous scale percentage at disturbed sites, thus the species can be used as a pollution bioindicator for MRC.

scholarly journals Air pollution and hospital admissions and deaths due to respiratory infections in megacity of Tehran: A time series analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Namvar ◽  
Mostafa Hadei ◽  
Seyed Saeed Hashemi ◽  
Elahe Shahhosseini ◽  
Philip K. Hopke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Ambient Air Pollutants ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Introduction: Air pollution is one of the main causes for the significant increase of respiratory infections in Tehran. In the present study, we investigated the associations between short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with the hospital admissions and deaths. Materials and methods: Health data from 39915 hospital admissions and 2459 registered deaths associated with these hospital admissions for respiratory infections were obtained from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education during 2014-2017. We used the distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) for the analyses. Results: There was a statistically positive association between PM2.5 and AURI in the age group of 16 years and younger at lags 6 (RR 1.31; 1.05-1.64) and 7 (RR 1.50; 1.09-2.06). AURI admissions was associated with O3 in the age group of 16 and 65 years at lag 7 with RR 1.13 (1.00-1.27). ALRI admissions was associated with CO in the age group of 65 years and older at lag 0 with RR 1.12 (1.02-1.23). PM10 was associated with ALRI daily hospital admissions at lag 0 for males. ALRI admissions were associated with NO2 for females at lag 0. There was a positive association between ALRI deaths and SO2 in the age group of 65 years and older at lags 4 and 5 with RR 1.04 (1.00-1.09) and 1.03 (1.00-1.07), respectively. Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor air pollutants including PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO was associated with hospital admissions for AURI and ALRI at different lags. Moreover, exposure to SO2 was associated with deaths for ALRI.

THE EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION AND TEMPERATURE ON CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES IN SÃO PAULO, BRAZIL: ANALYSES OF LAG STRUCTURES

Epidemiology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. S38-S39
Author(s):  
Alfésio L.F. Braga ◽  
Loudes C. Martins ◽  
Luiz A.A. Pereira ◽  
Chin A. Lin ◽  
Ubiratan P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo

Evaluation of the mutagenic potential of urban air pollution in São Paulo, Southeastern Brazil, using theTradescantiastamen-hair assay

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 578-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane T. Guimarães ◽  
Mariangela Macchione ◽  
Débora J. A. Lobo ◽  
Marisa Domingos ◽  
Paulo H. N. Saldiva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Air Pollution ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Mutagenic Potential

scholarly journals Unorganized Machines to Estimate the Number of Hospital Admissions Due to Respiratory Diseases Caused by PM10 Concentration

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Yara de Souza Tadano ◽  
Eduardo Tadeu Bacalhau ◽  
Luciana Casacio ◽  
Erickson Puchta ◽  
Thomas Siqueira Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Regularization Parameter ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Learning Machines ◽  
Echo State Networks

The particulate matter PM10 concentrations have been impacting hospital admissions due to respiratory diseases. The air pollution studies seek to understand how this pollutant affects the health system. Since prediction involves several variables, any disparity causes a disturbance in the overall system, increasing the difficulty of the models’ development. Due to the complex nonlinear behavior of the problem and their influencing factors, Artificial Neural Networks are attractive approaches for solving estimations problems. This paper explores two neural network architectures denoted unorganized machines: the echo state networks and the extreme learning machines. Beyond the standard forms, models variations are also proposed: the regularization parameter (RP) to increase the generalization capability, and the Volterra filter to explore nonlinear patterns of the hidden layers. To evaluate the proposed models’ performance for the hospital admissions estimation by respiratory diseases, three cities of São Paulo state, Brazil: Cubatão, Campinas and São Paulo, are investigated. Numerical results show the standard models’ superior performance for most scenarios. Nevertheless, considering divergent intensity in hospital admissions, the RP models present the best results in terms of data dispersion. Finally, an overall analysis highlights the models’ efficiency to assist the hospital admissions management during high air pollution episodes.

Health Effects of Air Pollution in Urban Environment

2019 ◽  
pp. 96-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Banwari Dandotiya
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Environment Exposure

In the last few decades, urban development and growing industrialization has caused air pollution to become a major issue in urban areas of developing and developed countries. Urban area is more susceptible compare to other because of higher exposure time of urban residents, due to unbound interference of air pollutants in indoor environment. Exposure to air pollutants has been associated with increased mortality and hospital admissions due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. This chapter focused on sources and health effects of air pollution in urban areas in India. Most of the urban areas of India are suffering from higher concentrations of air pollutants including gaseous and particulates.

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