scholarly journals Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of B. fragilis group organisms isolated from clinical specimen and human intestinal microbiota

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Barreto Mano de Carvalho ◽  
José Luciano Bezerra Moreira ◽  
Maria Candida S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Epidemiological aspects and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from clinical and human intestinal specimens were examined in this study. B. fragilis group strains were isolated from 46 (37%) of 124 clinical specimens and the source of the samples was: Blood culture (3), intraabdominal infection (27), brain abscess (2), soft tissue infection (17), respiratory sinus (3), pleural aspirate (9), breast abscess (3), surgical infected wound (22), pelvic inflammatory disease (22), chronic otitis media (9) and miscellaneous (7). Intraabdominal and soft tissue infections were responsible for more than half of the clinical isolates. Susceptibility to penicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, metronidazole, chloramphenicol and clindamycin was examined. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and chloramphenicol. For clindamycin and cefoxitin the resistance rates observed were 21.7% and 10.9% respectively. Susceptibility profiles varied among the different species tested. A total of 37 species of B. fragilis group isolated from intestinal microbiota of individuals who had no antimicrobial therapy for at least 1 month before the sampling was also examined. All strains were also susceptible to chloramphenicol and motronidazole and the resistance rates to clindamycin and cefoxitin were 19.4% and 5.4% respectively. A few institutions, in Brazil, have monitored the antimicrobial susceptibility of B. fragilis group strains isolated from anaerobic infections. The resistance rates to cefoxitin and clindamycin and the variation in susceptibility patterns among the species isolated in this study emphasize the need for monitoring of susceptibility patterns of B. fragilis group organisms isolated, especially at our University Hospitals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Dolores Cid ◽  
José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal ◽  
Chris Pinto ◽  
Lucas Domínguez ◽  
Ana Isabel Vela
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.

scholarly journals 467. Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Analysis of Staphylococcus aureus in Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome among Children in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S229-S229
Author(s):  
Jae Hong Choi ◽  
Hyunju Lee ◽  
Eun Hwa Choi
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is a blistering and desquamative skin disease caused by the exfoliative toxins of Staphylococcus aureus. SSSS mainly affects children younger than 5 years of age. Although many countries show a predominance of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), recently an increase in cases due to methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has been reported. We investigated the molecular characteristics of S. aureus isolated from the children with SSSS in Korea. Methods From January 2010 to December 2017, children clinically diagnosed as SSSS under the age of 5 years were enrolled. Cases from 3 different university hospitals in Korea were included. S. aureus isolated from nasal, axillary, or inguinal area of the children were analyzed for multilocus sequence type and exfoliative toxins (eta, etb). Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of S. aureus. Results A total of 26 cases were enrolled. The mean age was 2.3 years (range, 0–4.8 years). Twenty-two (84.6%) patients were hospitalized. Skin manifestations were classified as follows; generalized (n = 10, 38.5%), intermediate (n = 11, 42.3%), and abortive (n = 5, 19.2%). Twenty-five isolates (96.2%) were resistant to methicillin and macrolide-resistance was found in 92.3% (n = 24). ST89 (n = 21, 80.8%) was the most prevalent clone, with single clones of ST1, ST5, ST72, ST121, and ST1507. The eta gene was detected in 1 (3.8%) MSSA isolate. The etb gene was detected in 14 (53.8%) isolates all of which were ST89. All patients were treated with antibiotics, and the mean duration was 8.3 days regardless of the administration route. Nafcillin or first cephalosporin was most commonly prescribed (n = 20, 76.9%), clindamycin was administered in combination in 9 patients (34.6%) and vancomycin in 4 patients (15.4%). Among the 25 MRSA cases, only 6 (24.0%) were treated with susceptible antibiotics. However, there was no difference in treatment duration according to antimicrobial susceptibility (8.43:8.22 days, P > 0.05). Conclusion The molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolated from the Korean children with SSSS demonstrated the high prevalence of methicillin-resistant ST89 clone that harbors the etb gene. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Susceptibility Profiles of Nocardia Isolates Based on Current Taxonomy

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Schlaberg ◽  
Mark A. Fisher ◽  
Kimberley E. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
First Line ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linezolid Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Established Species ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTThe genusNocardiahas undergone rapid taxonomic expansion in recent years, and an increasing number of species are recognized as human pathogens. Many established species have predictable antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, but sufficient information is often not available for recently described organisms. Additionally, the effectiveness of sulfonamides as first-line drugs forNocardiahas recently been questioned. This led us to review antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for a large number of molecularly identified clinical isolates. Susceptibility results were available for 1,299 isolates representing 39 different species or complexes, including 11 that were newly described, during a 6-year study period. All tested isolates were susceptible to linezolid. Resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) was rare (2%) except amongNocardia pseudobrasiliensis(31%) strains and strains of theN. transvalensiscomplex (19%). Imipenem susceptibility varied forN. cyriacigeorgicaandN. farcinica, as did ceftriaxone susceptibility of theN. novacomplex. Resistance to more than one of the most commonly used drugs (amikacin, ceftriaxone, TMP-SMX, and imipenem) was highest forN. pseudobrasiliensis(100%),N. transvalensiscomplex (83%),N. farcinica(68%),N. puris(57%),N. brasiliensis(51%),N. aobensis(50%), andN. amikacinitolerans(43%). Thus, while antimicrobial resistance can often be predicted, susceptibility testing should still be considered when combination therapy is warranted, for less well characterized species or those with variable susceptibility profiles, and for patients with TMP-SMX intolerance.

scholarly journals First data on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Moraxella catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon

10.3823/833 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Marcel El Achkar
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Level ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Moraxella catarrhalis is an important bacterial pathogen. Although national data have shown an increase in the levels of antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings in Lebanon, there is a lack of data regarding this human pathogen. This study aimed to determine for the first time the antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of M. catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon. Methods. A total of 34 M. catarrhalis strains were isolated from clinical specimens during the period from November 2010 to March 2019. Bacterial identification was carried out using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. Antibiotic susceptibility of all isolates was performed according the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Results. A total of 34 non-duplicated M. catarrhalis strains were isolated from nose (n=19), ear (n=7), sputum (n=5), blood (n=1), eye (n=1), and throat (n=1) of patients referred to Nini Hospital in Tripoli, North governorate of Lebanon. Regarding antibiotic susceptibility rates, the percent susceptibility is 100% to the majority of antibiotics, except ampicillin (7.4%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (85.3%), nalidixic acid (85.3%), and ciprofloxacin (97.1%). Conclusion. To our knowledge, this study is the first investigation regarding the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of M. catarrhalis isolates in Lebanon. In addition to the high level of resistance to ampicillin, our findings showed the emergence of resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin. Even if this study provides useful information to develop effective empirical treatment, we recommend the implementation of reliable diagnostic tools to guide appropriate treatment.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Viridans Group Streptococcal Isolates from Infective Endocarditis Patients from 1971 to 1986 and 1994 to 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4463-4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh M. Prabhu ◽  
Kerryl E. Piper ◽  
Larry M. Baddour ◽  
James M. Steckelberg ◽  
Walter R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT To determine whether changes in antimicrobial resistance have occurred among viridans group streptococci, we retrospectively examined 50 viridans group streptococcal isolates recovered from patients with infective endocarditis over 3 decades. Resistance rates (percent resistant isolates 1971 to 1986 and 1994 to 2002) were as follows: levofloxacin, 0 and 9; penicillin and clindamycin, 0 and 4; and erythromycin and azithromycin, 11 and 26, respectively.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Gram-Positive Anaerobic Cocci Responsible for Human Invasive Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
François Guérin ◽  
Loren Dejoies ◽  
Nicolas Degand ◽  
Hélène Guet-Revillet ◽  
Frédéric Janvier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Parvimonas Micra ◽  
Invasive Infections ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

The aim of this multicentre study was to determine the in vitro susceptibility to anti-anaerobic antibiotics of Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) isolates responsible for invasive infections in humans. A total of 133 GPAC isolates were collected in nine French hospitals from 2016 to 2020. All strains were identified to the species level (MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA sequencing). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of amoxicillin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, imipenem, clindamycin, vancomycin, linezolid, moxifloxacin, rifampicin, and metronidazole were determined by the reference agar dilution method. Main erm-like genes were detected by PCR. The 133 GPAC isolates were identified as follows: 10 Anaerococcus spp., 49 Finegoldia magna, 33 Parvimonas micra, 30 Peptoniphilus spp., and 11 Peptostreptococcus anaerobius. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem, vancomycin (except 3 P. micra), linezolid and metronidazole. All isolates were susceptible to amoxicillin and piperacillin, except for P. anaerobius (54% and 45% susceptibility only, respectively). MICs of cefotaxime widely varied while activity of rifampicin, and moxifloxacin was also variable. Concerning clindamycin, 31 were categorized as resistant (22 erm(A) subclass erm(TR), 7 erm(B), 1 both genes and 1 negative for tested erm genes) with MICs from 8 to >32 mg/L. Although GPACs are usually susceptible to drugs commonly used for the treatment of anaerobic infections, antimicrobial susceptibility should be evaluated in vitro.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Farzad Khademi ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Campylobacter Species ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Campylobacter species are one of the main causes of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. Recently, WHO reported that the emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species is becoming a public health issue around the world. The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species, especially fluoroquinolone-resistant strains isolated from human and animal origins in Iran. Methods. Using related keywords and without date and language limitations, a comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, Google Scholar, and SID to identify relevant studies on the prevalence of the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Campylobacter species in Iran. Results. A total of 34 reports (9 in Persian and 25 in English) were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Disk diffusion, E-test, and agar dilution were common methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The antibiotic resistance profiles of Campylobacter species against fluoroquinolones were as follows: 53.6%, 41.8%, and 0% to ciprofloxacin for C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, respectively, 24.3% and 25.1% to enrofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, 59.6% and 49.2% to nalidixic acid for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively, and 87.3% and 64.7% to ofloxacin for C. jejuni and C. coli, respectively. Conclusion. Our findings revealed a high prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter species in Iran. This calls for the use of more effective antibiotics with low resistance rates including aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and imipenem.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria in Victoria, Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine C. Teng ◽  
L Linda Dreyer
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Laboratory ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

AbstractMortality associated with anaerobic infections approximates 20%. Resistance of anaerobic bacteria to commonly used antimicrobials has been increasingly reported. The aim of this study was to describe antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical samples using a gradient diffusion method, E test (bioMérieux), in Victoria, Australia. Metronidazole, meropenem and amoxycillin-clavulanate were found to be active against almost all isolates tested. Most Gram positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC), exceptPeptostreptococcus anaerobius(64.6% penicillin-susceptible), remained susceptible to penicillin. AllClostridium perfringensisolates tested were penicillin, metronidazole and meropenem susceptible. OfB. fragilisisolates tested, 5% and 0.83% were meropenem and metronidazole non-susceptible, respectively. Clindamycin susceptibility in anaerobes other than the GPAC is approximately 75% and therefore should not be used as empirical treatment in the absence of susceptibility testing. Considering the global trend of antibiotic resistance among anaerobic bacteria, routine susceptibility testing of anaerobic bacteria, particularly when isolated from critical sites, as well as surveillance of local resistance trends is strongly encouraged. Gradient diffusion MIC determination of anaerobic bacteria is feasible in a clinical diagnostic laboratory and should be more widely utilised.

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