scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Dolores Cid ◽  
José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal ◽  
Chris Pinto ◽  
Lucas Domínguez ◽  
Ana Isabel Vela
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida and Haemophilus parasuis isolates associated with porcine pneumonia

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Nedbalcová ◽  
Zdeňka Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
High Level ◽  
Resistance Rates

Pasteurella multocidaandHaemophilus parasuispig isolates obtained in the Czech Republic were tested for their susceptibility against selected antimicrobial agents by broth microdilution method between 2008 and 2011. A low degree of resistance was observed for ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftiofur, tulathromycin, tilmicosin, florfenicol and enrofloxacin in 20 (6.0%), 15 (4.5 %), 2 (0.6%), 8 (2.4%), 13 (3.9%), 5 (1.5%) and 5 (1.5%)P. multocidaisolates as well as for tiamulin, gentamicin, tulathromycin, tilmicosin and ampicillin in 2 (2.4%), 2 (2.4%), 3 (3.6%), 3 (3.6%) and 6 (7.2%)H. parasuisisolates. In addition, moderate level of resistance to tiamulin was found in 60 (18.1%)P. multocidaisolates and high level of resistance for tetracycline was detected in 107 (32.2 %)P. multocidaisolates and in 23 (27.7 %)H. parasuisisolates. Differences between resistance rates ofP. multocidaandH. parasuiswere significant (P≤ 0.5) only for tiamulin. These data confirmed that antimicrobial resistance is not very widespread among current porcineP. multocidaandH. parasuisisolates in the Czech Republic.

Antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes and genotypes ofPasteurella multocidaisolates associated with swine pneumonia in Taiwan

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 (12) ◽  
pp. 323-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jih-Ching Yeh ◽  
Dan-Yuan Lo ◽  
Shao-Kuang Chang ◽  
Chi-Chung Chou ◽  
Hung-Chih Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Progressive Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Resistance Rates

Pasteurella multocida(PM) can cause progressive atrophic rhinitis and suppurative bronchopneumonia in pigs. The present study performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and serotype and genotype identification on the 62 PM strains isolated from the lungs of diseased pigs with respiratory symptoms. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing examined 13 antimicrobial agents (amoxicillin, cefazolin, doxycycline, flumequine, enrofloxacin, florfenicol, kanamycin, lincomycin, Linco-Spectin (lincomycin and spectinomycin), erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin and tiamulin). Antimicrobial resistance ratios were over 40% in all of the antimicrobial agents except for cefazolin. The highest levels of resistance (100%) were found for kanamycin, erythromycin and tylosin. The majority of isolated strains was serotype D:L6 (n=35) followed by A:L3 (n=17). Comparison of the antimicrobial resistance levels between the two serotypes showed that the antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in D:L6 than in A:L3 for all the tested antimicrobials except for tylosin and tilmicosin. For PM witherm(B),erm(T) orerm(42), the results showed no significant difference compared with non-resistance gene strains in phenotype. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotyping usingApaI restriction digestion of the genomic DNA demonstrated that there were 17 distinct clusters with a similarity of 85% or more, and the genotyping result was similar to that of serotyping. The results of the present study demonstrated that the PM isolated from diseased pigs in Taiwan was resistant to multiple antimicrobials, and the distribution of antimicrobial resistance was associated with pulsotype and serotype.

scholarly journals Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Pasteurella multocida isolated from chickens and japanese quails in Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Everlon Cid Rigobelo ◽  
Patrick Joseph Blackall ◽  
Renato Pariz Maluta ◽  
Fernando Antonio de Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni from Broilers and Broiler House Environments in Norway

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 736-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. NORSTRÖM ◽  
G. JOHNSEN ◽  
M. HOFSHAGEN ◽  
H. THARALDSEN ◽  
H. KRUSE
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Broiler House

Antimicrobial susceptibility in Campylobacter jejuni collected from the environment outside four broiler houses (n = 63) and from the environment inside these broiler houses (including broiler droppings) (n = 36) from May to September 2004 was studied and compared with isolates from Norwegian broilers analyzed within the frame of the Norwegian monitoring program of antimicrobial resistance in feed, food, and animals (NORM-VET) in 2004 (n = 75). The MICs of oxytetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and nalidixic acid were obtained by the broth microdilution method VetMIC. The present study, which to our knowledge is the first Norwegian study on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from the environment of broiler houses, revealed a very low occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in C. jejuni from the broilers and broiler house environments studied. All isolates originating from the four broiler houses studied were susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except for one isolate from the outdoor environment (courtyard soil), which was resistant to oxytetracycline (MIC, 8 mg/liter). For the isolates from broilers (NORM-VET), low prevalences of resistance to oxytetracycline (1.3%) and ampicillin (4%) were observed. No quinolone resistance was observed. The results for the broiler isolates are in agreement with the earlier findings of a very low prevalence of resistance in Campylobacter from broilers in Norway, which reflects the low usage of antimicrobials in Norwegian broiler production. Furthermore, the present data are in accordance with antimicrobial susceptibility data for C. jejuni from domestically acquired human cases.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns and Wild-Type MIC Distributions of Anaerobic Bacteria at a German University Hospital: A Five-Year Retrospective Study (2015–2019)

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 823
Author(s):  
Mohamed Tarek Badr ◽  
Benjamin Blümel ◽  
Sandra Baumgartner ◽  
Johanna M. A. Komp ◽  
Georg Häcker
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Local antimicrobial susceptibility surveys are crucial for optimal empirical therapy guidelines and for aiding in antibiotic stewardship and treatment decisions. For many laboratories, a comprehensive overview of local antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of anaerobic bacteria is still lacking due to the long incubation time and effort involved. The present study investigates the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and related clinical and demographic data of 2856 clinical isolates of anaerobic bacteria that were submitted for analysis to the Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene of the Freiburg University Medical Center (a tertiary university medical center in Southern Germany) between 2015 and 2019. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been carried out according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guideline. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 and MIC90 for penicillin, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin were established for Gram-positive anaerobes and for ampicillin-sulbactam, meropenem, metronidazole, moxifloxacin, and clindamycin for Gram-negative anaerobes. The distribution of MIC-values for various antibiotics against anaerobic bacteria was also established, especially for those having no specific breakpoints according to EUCAST guidelines. Most clinically relevant anaerobic bacteria originated from general surgery, neurological, and orthopedic wards. A high proportion of isolates were resistant to moxifloxacin and clindamycin indicating the importance of their susceptibility testing before administration. Based on our study metronidazole and other β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations such as ampicillin-sulbactam remain suitable for empirical treatment of infections with anaerobic bacteria.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella Gallinarum and Salmonella Pullorum isolated from ill poultry in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Antonio Casarin Penha Filho ◽  
Joseane Cristina Ferreira ◽  
Ana Maria Iba Kanashiro ◽  
Ana Lúcia da Costa Darini ◽  
Angelo Berchieri Junior
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Salmonella Pullorum ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Over Time

ABSTRACT: Salmonella Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum) and Salmonella Pullorum (S. Pullorum) are poultry host-specific, agents of fowl typhoid and pullorum disease, respectively. These biovars cause septicemic infections, resulting in high mortality. Outbreaks are frequently reported worldwide, causing losses due to the elimination of infected flocks and treatments. The use of antimicrobial agents is frequent in poultry farms to prevent or treat gastrointestinal infections. In the present research it was evaluated the antimicrobial susceptibility of 50 S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum isolates, from outbreaks that occurred between 1987 to 1991 and 2006 to 2013. The comparison of the susceptibility profiles showed that all isolates were susceptible to β-lactams. All isolates from 1987-1991 were susceptible to all antibiotics tested except NAL and CIP (78%). The susceptibility profile of S. Gallinarum (2006 - 2013 period) was the following NAL (58%), CIP (63%), ENR (67%), TET (92%), FFC (96%) and SXT (96%). S. Pullorum isolates (2006 - 2013 period) showed the following susceptibility rates to NAL (65%), CIP (71%), ENR (94%) and TET (94%). All isolates were susceptible to β-lactams tested, however, resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones increased over time. Furthermore, low levels of resistance to other antibiotics were found in recent isolates, such as tetracyclines.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Antimicrobial Susceptibility Characteristics inPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolates from Cystic Fibrosis Patients

mSphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Qin ◽  
Chuan Zhou ◽  
Danielle M. Zerr ◽  
Amanda Adler ◽  
Amin Addetia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genomic Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Parental Origin ◽  
Adaptive Mutations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACTClinical isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosafrom patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are known to differ from those associated with non-CF hosts by colony morphology, drug susceptibility patterns, and genomic hypermutability.Pseudomonas aeruginosaisolates from CF patients have long been recognized for their overall reduced rate of antimicrobial susceptibility, but their intraclonal MIC heterogeneity has long been overlooked. Using two distinct cohorts of clinical strains (n= 224 from 56 CF patients,n= 130 from 68 non-CF patients) isolated in 2013, we demonstrated profound Etest MIC heterogeneity in CFP. aeruginosaisolates in comparison to non-CFP. aeruginosaisolates. On the basis of whole-genome sequencing of 19 CFP. aeruginosaisolates from 9 patients with heterogeneous MICs, the core genome phylogenetic tree confirmed the within-patient CFP. aeruginosaclonal lineage along with considerable coding sequence variability. No extrachromosomal DNA elements or previously characterized antibiotic resistance mutations could account for the wide divergence in antimicrobial MICs betweenP. aeruginosacoisolates, though many heterogeneous mutations in efflux and porin genes and their regulators were present. A unique OprD sequence was conserved among the majority of isolates of CFP. aeruginosaanalyzed, suggesting a pseudomonal response to selective pressure that is common to the isolates. Genomic sequence data also suggested that CF pseudomonal hypermutability was not entirely due to mutations inmutL,mutS, anduvr. We conclude that the net effect of hundreds of adaptive mutations, both shared between clonally related isolate pairs and unshared, accounts for their highly heterogeneous MIC variances. We hypothesize that this heterogeneity is indicative of the pseudomonal syntrophic-like lifestyle under conditions of being “locked” inside a host focal airway environment for prolonged periods.IMPORTANCEPatients with cystic fibrosis endure “chronic focal infections” with a variety of microorganisms. One microorganism,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, adapts to the host and develops resistance to a wide range of antimicrobials. Interestingly, as the infection progresses, multiple isogenic strains ofP. aeruginosaemerge and coexist within the airways of these patients. Despite a common parental origin, the multiple strains ofP. aeruginosadevelop vastly different susceptibility patterns to actively used antimicrobial agents—a phenomenon we define as “heterogeneous MICs.” By sequencing pairs ofP. aeruginosaisolates displaying heterogeneous MICs, we observed widespread isogenic gene lesions in drug transporters, DNA mismatch repair machinery, and many other structural or cellular functions. Coupled with the heterogeneous MICs, these genetic lesions demonstrated a symbiotic response to host selection and suggested evolution of a multicellular syntrophic bacterial lifestyle. Current laboratory standard interpretive criteria do not address the emergence of heterogeneous growth and susceptibilitiesin vitrowith treatment implications.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacterial Enteropathogens Causing Traveler's Diarrhea in Four Geographic Regions

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 212-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harumi Gomi ◽  
Zhi-Dong Jiang ◽  
Javier A. Adachi ◽  
David Ashley ◽  
Brett Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Traveler’S Diarrhea ◽  
The World ◽  
Traveler's Diarrhea ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT The emergence of resistant enteropathogens has been reported worldwide. Few data are available on the contemporary in vitro activities of commonly used antimicrobial agents against enteropathogens causing traveler's diarrhea (TD). The susceptibility patterns of antimicrobial agents currently available or under evaluation against pathogens causing TD in four different areas of the world were evaluated. Pathogens were identified in stool samples from U.S., Canadian, or European adults (18 years of age or older) with TD during 1997, visiting India, Mexico, Jamaica, or Kenya. MICs of 11different antimicrobials were determined against 284 bacterial enteropathogens by the agar dilution method. Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin were highly active in vitro against the enteropathogens, while traditional antimicrobials such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole showed high levels and high frequencies of resistance. Rifaximin, a promising and poorly absorbable drug, had an MIC at which 90% of the strains tested were inhibited of 32 μg/ml, 250 times lower than the concentration of this drug in the stools. Amdinocillin, nalidixic acid, and doxycycline showed moderate activity. Fluoroquinolones are still the drugs of choice for TD in most regions of the world, although our study has a limitation due to the lack of Escherichia coli samples from Kenya and possible bias in selection of the patients for evaluation. Azithromycin and rifaximin should be considered as promising new agents. The widespread in vitro resistance of the traditional antimicrobial agents reported since the 1980s and the new finding of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Southeast Asia are the main reasons for monitoring carefully the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns worldwide and for developing and evaluating new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of TD.

scholarly journals Magnitude and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from environmental samples at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemse Sebre Muktar ◽  
Woldaregay Erku ◽  
Wude Mihret ◽  
Aminu Seman ◽  
Tewachw Awoke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Abstract Background The hospital environment especially the intensive care units (ICUs) contributes to the spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, which are contributing to increasing morbidity and mortality rates. We aimed to assess the rate of environmental contamination of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Methods A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to July, 2018. A total of 65 environmental swab were taken from inanimate items. All isolates from the inanimate environment were cultured by using ESBL ChromoSelect Agar and identified using conventional bacteriological methods. All ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility using the disc diffusion method according to the methods and interpretive criteria of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results From a total of 65 environmental swab samples, 16 (24.6%) were ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. The most predominant ESBL producing isolates were E. coli (8/16, 50%) and Klebsiella spp (6/16, 37.6%). The Pediatrics and Medical-Surgical ICU exhibited the highest ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae, each with (37.5%, 6/16). Linens and ventilators were associated with high rates of ESBL isolates positivity each with equal 31.3% detection rate. ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates had significantly high resistance level to ampicillin (100%), ceftazidime (93.8%), cefepime (87.5%) and cefotaxime (86.7%). However, low resistance level was recorded against amikacin (18.8%). Conclusion The appearance of ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae among ICUs hospital environment is posing a serious threat for the control of nosocomial infections. The high resistance found from this study shows the need for policies for devising infection control procedures and screening policies for ESBL on a routine basis.

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