scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns among Viridans Group Streptococcal Isolates from Infective Endocarditis Patients from 1971 to 1986 and 1994 to 2002

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (11) ◽  
pp. 4463-4465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh M. Prabhu ◽  
Kerryl E. Piper ◽  
Larry M. Baddour ◽  
James M. Steckelberg ◽  
Walter R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT To determine whether changes in antimicrobial resistance have occurred among viridans group streptococci, we retrospectively examined 50 viridans group streptococcal isolates recovered from patients with infective endocarditis over 3 decades. Resistance rates (percent resistant isolates 1971 to 1986 and 1994 to 2002) were as follows: levofloxacin, 0 and 9; penicillin and clindamycin, 0 and 4; and erythromycin and azithromycin, 11 and 26, respectively.

scholarly journals Pediatric Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends across the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
Gwen L. Robinson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Gerber ◽  
Jason G. Newland ◽  
Chloe M. DeLisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
Regional Comparisons ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Objective.Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns across US pediatric healthcare institutions are unknown. A national pooled pediatric antibiogram (1) identifies nationwide trends in antimicrobial resistance, (2) allows across-hospital benchmarking, and (3) provides guidance for empirical antimicrobial regimens for institutions unable to generate pediatric antibiograms.Methods.In January 2012, a request for submission of pediatric antibiograms between 2005 and 2011 was sent to 233 US hospitals. A summary antibiogram was compiled from participating institutions to generate proportions of antimicrobial susceptibility. Temporal and regional comparisons were evaluated using χ² tests and logistic regression, respectively.Results.Of 200 institutions (85%) responding to our survey, 78 (39%) reported generating pediatric antibiograms, and 55 (71%) submitted antibiograms. Carbapenems had the highest activity against the majority of gram-negative organisms tested, but no antibiotic had more than 90% activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately 50% of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Western hospitals had significantly lower proportions of S. aureus that were methicillin resistant compared with all other regions tested. Overall, 21% of S. aureus isolates had resistance to clindamycin. Among Enterococcus faecium isolates, the prevalence of susceptibility to ampicillin (25%) and vancomycin (45%) was low but improved over time (P < .01), and 8% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid. Southern hospitals reported significantly higher prevalence of E. faecium with susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid compared with the other 3 regions (P < .01).Conclusions.A pooled, pediatric antibiogram can identify nationwide antimicrobial resistance patterns for common pathogens and might serve as a useful tool for benchmarking resistance and informing national prescribing guidelines for children.

scholarly journals Differences in Neisseria gonorrhoeae population structure and antimicrobial resistance pattern between men who have sex with men and heterosexuals

2016 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. SERRA-PLADEVALL ◽  
M. J. BARBERÁ ◽  
A. E. CALLARISA ◽  
R. BARTOLOMÉ-COMAS ◽  
A. ANDREU
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Sequence Types

SUMMARYThis study compared the antimicrobial susceptibility and genotypes of strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from men who have sex with men (MSM) and from heterosexuals. One hundred and eleven strains were characterized from 107 patients, comprising 57 strains from 54 heterosexuals and 54 strains from 53 MSM. Antimicrobial resistance rates were higher in strains from heterosexual patients, with resistance to cefixime (P = 0·0159) and ciprofloxacin (P = 0·002) being significantly higher. Typing by N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) showed that the most prevalent sequence types (ST) and genogroups (G) respectively were ST2400, ST2992, and ST5793, and G1407, G2992, and G2400. A statistically significant association was observed for MSM and genogroups G2400 (P = 0·0005) and G2992 (P = 0·0488), and G1407 with heterosexuals (P = 0·0002). We conclude that in our region distinct populations of gonococci are circulating among subjects with different sexual practices, with their corresponding transmission patterns. Furthermore, the high prevalence of genotype G2400 in MSM, has not to our knowledge been previously described.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Pasteurella multocida isolated from sheep and pigs in Spain – Short communication

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-498
Author(s):  
Dolores Cid ◽  
José Francisco Fernández-Garayzábal ◽  
Chris Pinto ◽  
Lucas Domínguez ◽  
Ana Isabel Vela
Keyword(s):  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Farming Industry ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Pasteurella multocida is responsible for economically important diseases in sheep and pigs. Antimicrobial susceptibility studies are essential for initiating rational and effective empirical therapy of P. multocida infections. In this study we investigated the antimicrobial susceptibility to 18 antimicrobial agents of 156 clinical isolates of P. multocida from sheep (n = 87) and pigs (n = 69) using the microdilution method. Both sheep and pig isolates exhibited low levels of resistance (≤ 15%) to ceftiofur, gentamicin, neomycin, spectinomycin, chlortetracycline, tulathromycin, florfenicol, danofloxacin, and enrofloxacin and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, high resistance rates (> 15% up to 50%) to oxytetracycline, tilmicosin, and tiamulin, and very high resistance rates (> 50%) to tylosin tartrate, clindamycin, and sulphadimethoxine. However, sheep isolates exhibited significantly lower percentages of resistance and lower MIC90 values (P < 0.05) than pig isolates for most of the antimicrobials tested. In addition, sheep isolates exhibited also significantly lower phenotypic antimicrobial resistance diversity (8 resistotypes vs. 30 resistotypes). LAC-LIN-SUL-MAC was the resistotype most frequently detected in sheep (39.1%) and LIN-SUL-MAC in pig isolates (26.1%). The differences in susceptibility patterns could be influenced by the lower use of antimicrobials in the small ruminant industry compared with the pig farming industry.

scholarly journals Decline and Rise of the Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated from Middle Ear Fluid in Children: Influence of Changes in Circulating Serotypes

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 3989-3991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Pérez-Trallero ◽  
José M. Marimón ◽  
Marta Alonso ◽  
María Ercibengoa ◽  
José M. García-Arenzana
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine

ABSTRACTChanges in the antimicrobial susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaecausing otitis media were studied in 916 isolates from children <5 years old between 1999 and 2010 in a region of northern Spain. The rate of antimicrobial resistance decreased between the period before the introduction of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (from 1999 to 2001) and the period from 2005 to 2007. However, in 2008 to 2010, resistance rates increased again due to the spread of serotype 19A, especially the multidrug-resistant ST320 and ST276 clones.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of B. fragilis group organisms isolated from clinical specimen and human intestinal microbiota

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cibele Barreto Mano de Carvalho ◽  
José Luciano Bezerra Moreira ◽  
Maria Candida S. Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Anaerobic Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Epidemiological aspects and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of the Bacteroides fragilis group isolated from clinical and human intestinal specimens were examined in this study. B. fragilis group strains were isolated from 46 (37%) of 124 clinical specimens and the source of the samples was: Blood culture (3), intraabdominal infection (27), brain abscess (2), soft tissue infection (17), respiratory sinus (3), pleural aspirate (9), breast abscess (3), surgical infected wound (22), pelvic inflammatory disease (22), chronic otitis media (9) and miscellaneous (7). Intraabdominal and soft tissue infections were responsible for more than half of the clinical isolates. Susceptibility to penicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, metronidazole, chloramphenicol and clindamycin was examined. All isolates were susceptible to metronidazole and chloramphenicol. For clindamycin and cefoxitin the resistance rates observed were 21.7% and 10.9% respectively. Susceptibility profiles varied among the different species tested. A total of 37 species of B. fragilis group isolated from intestinal microbiota of individuals who had no antimicrobial therapy for at least 1 month before the sampling was also examined. All strains were also susceptible to chloramphenicol and motronidazole and the resistance rates to clindamycin and cefoxitin were 19.4% and 5.4% respectively. A few institutions, in Brazil, have monitored the antimicrobial susceptibility of B. fragilis group strains isolated from anaerobic infections. The resistance rates to cefoxitin and clindamycin and the variation in susceptibility patterns among the species isolated in this study emphasize the need for monitoring of susceptibility patterns of B. fragilis group organisms isolated, especially at our University Hospitals.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance in Outpatient Escherichia coli Urinary Isolates in Dakar, Senegal

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (03) ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Sire ◽  
Pierre Nabeth ◽  
Jean-David Perrier-Gros-Claude ◽  
Ibrahim Bahsoun ◽  
Tidiane Siby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
Predominant Pathogen ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Resistance Rates

Background: Data regarding the evolution of antimicrobial resistance are needed to suggest appropriate empirical treatment of urinary tract infections (UTI) in developing countries. To assess the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli, the predominant pathogen in community-acquired UTI, a prospective multicenter study was carried out in Dakar, Senegal. Methodology: From February 2004 to October 2006, 1010 non-duplicate E. coli strains were collected from four centres. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion method according to the recommendations of the CA-SFM (2004). Results: Most of the isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (73.1%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (67.5%), cephalothin (55.8%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (68.1%). Extended spectrum beta-lactamase was detected in 38 strains. The overall resistance rates to nalidixic acid, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin were 23.9%, 16.4% and 15.5%, respectively. Most of the strains were susceptible to gentamicin, nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin (respective susceptibility rates, 93.8%, 89.9%, and 99.3%). During this period, a significant decrease in sensitivity was observed for cephalothin, fluoroquinolones and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (p

scholarly journals In Vitro Activity of Telithromycin against Viridans Group Streptococci and Streptococcus bovis Isolated from Blood: Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns in Different Groups of Species

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 820-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iciar Rodríguez-Avial ◽  
Carmen Rodríguez-Avial ◽  
Esther Culebras ◽  
Juan J. Picazo
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Bovis ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Viridans Group Streptococci ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, and telithromycin were determined against 155 viridans group streptococci (VGS) and 18 Streptococcus bovis blood isolates. Heterogeneity in the susceptibility patterns and macrolide resistance phenotypes and genotypes in the different groups of VGS was detected. We found seven telithromycin-resistant S. bovis isolates all harboring the erm(B) gene.

scholarly journals Increasing antimicrobial resistance is not inevitable: in reply to microbiological and antibiotic profile of osteomyelitis tertiary care hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1967
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Corrigan ◽  
Maria Dudareva ◽  
Martin McNally
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
South West ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

It was with interest and alarm that we read the report by Vijakumar et al regarding antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of pathogens isolated from patients with chronic osteomyelitis.1 The authors reviewed 132 isolates from 100 patients managed in Davangere, Karnataka, South West India between January 2017-December 2019.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Enterobacter Species Isolated from Different Clinical Specimens in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Mashrura Quraishi ◽  
Ahmed Abu Saleh ◽  
Chandan Kumar Roy ◽  
Fatima Afroz ◽  
GM Mohiuddin
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Enterobacter Species ◽  
Resistance Rates

The present study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of Enterobacter species to guide the clinician in selecting the best antimicrobial agent for an individual patient. A total of 50 clinical isolates of Enterobacter species were collected from different clinical specimens at the microbiology laboratory of BSMMU between August, 2018 and September, 2019. The two main species of Enterobacter, E.cloacae and E.aerogenes were identified by biochemical tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method and reported according to CLSI guidelines. Majority (56%) of the isolated Enterobacter were E.cloacae, 40% were E.aerogenes and 4% were other species. The Enterobacter isolates showed relatively high resistance rates to the cephalosporins including cefoxitin (82%), cefixime (62%), ceftazidime (46%) and ceftriaxone (46%). Resistance to the carbapenems and aminoglycosides was relatively low. The high resistance rates of Enterobacter species to multiple antibiotics makes it necessary for antimicrobial susceptibility testing to be conducted prior to antibiotic prescription. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2019; 13 (2): 3-6

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