scholarly journals In vitro PHYTOTHERAPY OF VECTOR SNAILS BY BINARY COMBINATIONS OF LARVICIDAL ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN EFFECTIVE CONTROL OF FASCIOLIASIS

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Sunita ◽  
Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Human Race ◽  
Food Borne

SUMMARY A food-borne trematode infection fascioliasis is one among common public health problems worldwide. It caused a great economic loss for the human race. Control of snail population below a certain threshold level is one of the important methods in the campaign to reduce the incidence of fascioliasis. The life cycle of the parasite can be interrupted by killing the snail or Fasciola larva redia and cercaria inside of the snail Lymnaea acuminata. In vitro toxicity of different binary combinations (1:1 ratio) of plant-derived larvicidal active components such as citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, azadirachtin and allicin against Fasciola redia and cercaria were tested. The mortality of larvae was observed at 2h, 4h, 6h and 8h of treatment. In in vitro condition azadirachtin + allicin (1:1 ratio) was highly toxic against redia and cercaria (8h LC50 0.006 and 0.005 mg/L). Toxicity of citral + ferulic acid was lowest against redia and cercaria larvae.

scholarly journals Fascioliasis Control:In VivoandIn VitroPhytotherapy of Vector Snail to KillFasciolaLarva

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Sunita ◽  
D. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Infected Snail ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Snail Population ◽  
Lymnaea Acuminata

Snail is one of the important components of an aquatic ecosystem, it acts as intermediate host ofFasciolaspecies. Control of snail population below a certain threshold level is one of the important methods in the campaign to reduce the incidence of fascioliasis. Life cycle of the parasite can be interrupted by killing the snail orFasciolalarva redia and cercaria in the snail body.In vivoandin vitrotoxicity of the plant products and their active component such as citral, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, azadirachtin, and allicin against larva ofFasciolain infected snailLymnaea acuminatawere tested. Mortality of larvae were observed at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, and 8 h, of treatment. Inin vivotreatment, azadirachtin caused highest mortality in redia and cercaria larva (8 h, LC500.11, and 0.05 mg/L) whereas inin vitrocondition allicin was highly toxic against redia and cercaria (8 h, LC500.01, and 0.009 mg/L). Toxicity of citral was lowest against redia and cercaria larva.

Inhibitory Effects of Active Fraction and Its Main Components of Shaofu Zhuyu Decoction on Uterus Contraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 777-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shulan Su ◽  
Yongqing Hua ◽  
Jin-Ao Duan ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Erxin Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Vanillic Acid ◽  
Uterine Contraction ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Pregnant Mice ◽  
Main Components

Shaofu Zhuyu decoction is a famous formula for treating primary dysmenorrhea in China since the Qing dynasty. In this paper, the inhibitory effects of active-guided fraction and its main bioactive components of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction on a model of non-pregnant mice uterine contraction induced by oxytocin in vitro were investigated. Qualitative and quantitative chemical analyses were used to correlate the chemical composition of active fraction with the spasmolytic effects. Seven ingredients in the active fraction were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD. Three ingredients, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and typhaneoside, were evaluated for their effects on mice isolated uterine contraction induced by oxytocin in vitro. The ED50 of them were 63.0 μg/ml, 57.6 μg/ml, 109.7 μg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of the combination of these three compounds was prior to the fraction and seven compounds group. The ED50 was 65.5 μg/ml. The data stated that ferulic acid, vanillic acid, and typhaneoside were possibly the main active components in the bioactive fraction of Shaofu Zhuyu decoction. The study also implied that Shaofu Zhuyu decoction may have direct inhibitory effects on the contractility of the mice uterus and justified the traditional use of the prescription for treating the uterine cramping associated dysmenorrhea.

scholarly journals Chemotactic Activities in Nonmastitic and Mastitic Mammary Secretions: Presence of Interleukin-8 in Mastitic but Not Nonmastitic Secretions

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele R. Barber ◽  
T. J. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Loss ◽  
Chemotactic Activity ◽  
Neutrophil Recruitment ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Mass Separation ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Immunomodulatory Therapies ◽  
Neutrophil Chemotactic Activity

ABSTRACT Due to its association with low-quality milk and a decrease in milk production in bovines, mastitis is a major cause of economic loss. Additionally, mastitis can be harmful to suckling newborns and can cause damage to the mammary gland. In mastitic mammary secretions there is a substantial increase in somatic cells, specifically neutrophils. In this study we examined the ability of mastitic and nonmastitic mammary secretions to cause in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis using a microchemotaxis assay. Also, the role of the inflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in neutrophil recruitment during mastitis was addressed in these in vitro experiments. We found that both nonmastitic and mastitic mammary secretions were chemotactic, not chemokinetic, for neutrophils. The neutrophil chemotactic activity in mastitic, but not nonmastitic, mammary secretions was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. Molecular mass separation of the active components showed that the chemotactic activity of the mastitic secretions was present in the 10-kDa-or-less fraction and was blocked by anti-IL-8 antibodies. These results indicate that IL-8 plays a major role in neutrophil recruitment during mastitis. An understanding of its role will be of help in designing strategies for immunomodulatory therapies for mastitis.

scholarly journals The soluble glutathione transferase superfamily: Role of Mu class in Triclabendazole sulphoxide challenge in Fasciola hepatica

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekah B. Stuart ◽  
Suzanne Zwaanswijk ◽  
Neil D. MacKintosh ◽  
Boontarikaan Witikornkul ◽  
Mark Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glutathione Transferase ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Affinity Purification ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Glutathione Transferases ◽  
Parasitic Helminths ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Production Industry

AbstractFasciola hepatica (liver fluke), a significant threat to food security, causes global economic loss for the livestock production industry and is re-emerging as a food borne disease of humans. In the absence of vaccines the commonly used method of treatment control is by anthelmintics; with only Triclabendazole (TCBZ) currently effective against all stages of F. hepatica in livestock and humans. There is widespread resistance to TCBZ and detoxification by flukes might contribute to the mechanism. However, there is limited Phase I capacity in adult parasitic helminths and the major Phase II detoxification system in adults is the soluble Glutathione transferases (GST) superfamily. Previous global proteomic studies have shown that the levels of Mu class GST from pooled F. hepatica parasites respond under TCBZ-Sulphoxide (TCBZ-SO), the likely active metabolite, challenge during in vitro culture ex-host. We have extended this finding by using a sub-proteomic lead approach to measure the change in the total soluble GST profile (GST-ome) of individual TCBZ susceptible F. hepatica on TCBZ-SO-exposure in vitro culture. TCBZ-SO exposure demonstrated a FhGST-Mu29 and FhGST-Mu26 response following affinity purification using both GSH and S-hexyl GSH affinity resins. Furthermore, a low affinity Mu class GST (FhGST-Mu5) has been identified and recombinantly expressed and represents a novel low affinity mu class GST. Low affinity GST isoforms within the GST-ome was not limited to FhGST-Mu5 with second likely low affinity sigma class GST (FhGST-S2) uncovered through genome analysis. This study represents the most complete Fasciola GST-ome generated to date and has supported the sub proteomic analysis on individual adult flukes.

scholarly journals Composition and acaricidal activity of essential oil from Elsholtzia densa Benth against Sarcoptes scabiei mites in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 178-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Zhou ◽  
F Liao ◽  
J Weng ◽  
Q Mo ◽  
R Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Liquid Paraffin ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Sarcoptes Scabiei ◽  
Acaricidal Activity ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Ms Analysis

Plant-based natural products represent an alternative to chemical compounds for the control of mites in veterinary medicine. Here, the essential oil of Elsholtzia densa (E. densa) Benth was extracted using hydrodistillation at a rate of 1.2%. The chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The GC-MS analysis indicated that the principal compounds in the volatile oil of the sample were 4-Pyridinol (28.16%) and thymol (26.58%). The acaricidal activity of E. densa oil against Sarcoptes scabiei (S. scabiei) was tested in vitro. Toxicity test data were analysed using a complementary log-log (CLL) model. The E. densa oil was prepared in five concentrations by dilution with liquid paraffin (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 mg/ml) and exhibited strong toxicity against S. scabiei with LT<sub>50</sub> values of 16.637, 5.075, 2.884, 1.184 and 0.760 h, respectively. The LC<sub>50</sub> values were 7.678, 4.623, 2.543, 1.502, 1.298 and 0.981 mg/ml for S. scabiei at 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h, respectively. Compared to the control, the essential oil showed significant effects against S. scabiei in vitro. At 16 mg/ml, E. densa oil was found to kill all mites within a 16-h period. The results indicate that E. densa oil possesses potential acaricidal activity in vitro and may be exploited as a novel drug for the effective control of S. scabiei.

Human liver cell cultivation for long-term in vitro toxicity studies in a miniaturized multi-compartment 3D bioreactor system

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
SA Hoffmann ◽  
M Lübberstedt ◽  
U Müller-Vieira ◽  
D Knobeloch ◽  
A Nüssler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cell ◽  
Human Liver ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Cell Cultivation ◽  
Toxicity Studies ◽  
Human Liver Cell ◽  
Bioreactor System

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Ghea Dotulong ◽  
Stella Umboh ◽  
Johanis Pelealu
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
In Vitro Toxicity Test

Uji Toksisitas Beberapa Fungisida Nabati terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium (Fusarium oxysporum) pada Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro (Toxicity Test of several Biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum) in Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by In Vitro) Ghea Dotulong1*), Stella Umboh1), Johanis Pelealu1), 1) Program Studi Biologi, FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115*Email korespondensi: [email protected] Diterima 9 Juli 2019, diterima untuk dipublikasi 10 Agustus 2019 Abstrak Tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) adalah salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang sering mengalami penurunan dari segi produksi dan produktivitasnya, akibat adanya serangan penyakit layu yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi toksisitas beberapa fungisida nabati dalam mengendalikan penyakit Layu Fusarium (F. oxysporum) pada tanaman kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) secara In Vitro. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan yaitu metode umpan beracun. Data dianalisis dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan Analisis Varian (ANAVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan metode BNT (Beda Nyata Terkecil). Hasil Penelitian, diperoleh nilai toksisitas fungisida nabati tertinggi yaitu pada ekstrak daun sirsak dengan nilai HR (69,44%), kategori berpengaruh, ditandai dengan diameter koloni 2,75 cm (100ppm) dan yang terendah toksisitasnya yaitu pada ekstrak daun jeruk purut dengan nilai HR (49,81%), kategori cukup berpengaruh ditandai dengan diameter koloni 3,75 cm (25ppm). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi yang diujikan maka semakin tinggi toksisitas dari fungisida nabati yang diberikan.Kata Kunci: fungisida nabati, Fusarium oxysporum, tanaman kentang, In Vitro Abstract Potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the horticulture plants which often decreases in terms of production and productivity, due to the attack of wilt, one of which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxicity of several biofungicides in controlling Fusarium wilt (F. oxysporum) in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Vitro. The research method used was the In Vitro method with the poison bait method. Data were analyzed by Completely Randomized Design with Variant Analysis (ANAVA), followed by the BNT method. The results showed that the highest biofungicide toxicity value was soursop leaf extract with HR values (69.44%), influential categories, characterized by colony diameter 2.75 cm (100ppm) and the lowest toxicity, namely in kaffir lime leaf extract with a value of HR (49.81%), quite influential category was characterized by colony diameter of 3.75 cm (25ppm). The higher the concentration tested, the higher the toxicity of the biofungicide given.Keywords: biofungicides, Fusarium oxysporum, Potato Plants, In Vitro.

Fruit Volatiles to Control Postharvest Rot of Stone Fruits and Pears

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 469a-469
Author(s):  
L.J. Skog ◽  
D.P. Murr ◽  
B.E. Digweed
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Isoamyl Acetate ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Postharvest Rot

Volatile compounds are ubiquitous in plants, giving fruits their characteristic aroma and flavor. There is increasing evidence that these compounds can protect plants from pathogenic organisms. In this trial ≈25 volatile compounds were tested for efficacy against Monilinia fructicola and Penicillium expansum. Both in vitro tests on agar plugs of actively growing pathogens and in situ tests on inoculated stone fruits and pears were conducted. The volatile compounds were grouped into three categories based upon fungicidal activity in vitro: highly effective (fungicidal concentration ≤100 M), moderately effective (fungicidal concentration between 100–200 M) and ineffective (fungicidal concentration >200 M). Highly effective compounds included: acetaldehyde, citral, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 2,exadienal, E-2-hexenal, 4-hexen-3-one, linalool, (E,E)2,4-nonadienal, E-2-nonenal, E-3-none-2-one, salicylaldehyde, and valeraldehyde. Moderately effective compounds included: (E,Z) 2,6-nonadienal, propionaldehyde, terpinene, butyl acetate, E-cinnamaldehde, hexanal, E-2-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and isoamyl acetate. Ineffective compounds included: butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, and methyl acetate. Effectiveness of the compounds varied with both strain and type of microorganism tested. Concentraions required for effective control were much higher when the compounds were tested on inoculated fruit. Phytotoxicity was a problem with some compounds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document