Factors influencing phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by macrophages in murine schistosomiasis

We investigated the influence of Salmonella typhimurium load and specific antibodies on phagocytosis in schistosomiasis. Macrophages from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice showed depressed capacity to increase the phagocytosis in the presence of a high bacterial load, due to a reduced involvement of these cells in phagocytosis and to a deficient ability to increase the number of phagocytosed bacteria. Normal and Salmonella-infected mice increased their phagocytic capacity when exposed to a high bacterial load. Antibody to Salmonella increased the phagocytic capacity of macrophages from Schistosoma-infected mice due to an increase in the number of bacteria phagocytosed but caused no modification in the number of macrophages engaged in phagocytosis. Our data indicate that macrophages from Schistosoma-infected mice work close to their functional limit, since no increase in phagocytosis was observed after increasing the bacterial load. Specific antibodies can improve their phagocytic capacity and, therefore, could help clearing concurrent infection.

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Lung Microbiome Differentially Impacts Survival of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Depending on Tumor Stroma Phenotype

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8090349 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 349 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Olga Kovaleva ◽

Polina Podlesnaya ◽

Madina Rashidova ◽

Daria Samoilova ◽

Anatoly Petrenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Normal Tissue ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Tumor Stroma ◽

Small Cell ◽

Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Lung Microbiome ◽

High Bacterial Load

The link between a lung tumor and the lung microbiome is a largely unexplored issue. To investigate the relationship between a lung microbiome and the phenotype of an inflammatory stromal infiltrate, we studied a cohort of 89 patients with non-small cell lung cancer. The microbiome was analyzed in tumor and adjacent normal tissue by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Characterization of the tumor stroma was done using immunohistochemistry. We demonstrated that the bacterial load was higher in adjacent normal tissue than in a tumor (p = 0.0325) with similar patterns of taxonomic structure and alpha diversity. Lung adenocarcinomas did not differ in their alpha diversity from squamous cell carcinomas, although the content of Gram-positive bacteria increased significantly in the adenocarcinoma group (p = 0.0419). An analysis of an inflammatory infiltrate of tumor stroma showed a correlation of CD68, iNOS and FOXP3 with a histological type of tumor. For the first time we showed that high bacterial load in the tumor combined with increased iNOS expression is a favorable prognostic factor (HR = 0.1824; p = 0.0123), while high bacterial load combined with the increased number of FOXP3+ cells is a marker of poor prognosis (HR = 4.651; p = 0.0116). Thus, we established that bacterial load of the tumor has an opposite prognostic value depending on the status of local antitumor immunity.

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High bacterial load in negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) foams used in the treatment of chronic wounds

Wound Repair and Regeneration ◽

10.1111/wrr.12088 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (5) ◽

pp. 677-681 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Erlangga Yusuf ◽

Xavier Jordan ◽

Martin Clauss ◽

Olivier Borens ◽

Mark Mäder ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Negative Pressure ◽

Negative Pressure Wound Therapy ◽

Chronic Wounds ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Wound Therapy ◽

High Bacterial Load

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Pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive pneumococcal disease: immunopathogenesis and diagnosis

Pneumologia ◽

10.2478/pneum-2019-0009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 8-14

Author(s):

Gina Amanda ◽

Dianiati Kusumo Sutoyo ◽

Erlina Burhan

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Disease ◽

Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽

High Bacterial Load ◽

Droplet Nuclei

Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). It has many virulence factors, the most important being a polysaccharide capsule (Cps). There are 97 different serotypes of pneumococcal based on Cps which include both colonization and invasive serotypes. Pneumococcal pneumonia may exist as a result of either aspiration of bacteria in the nasopharynx or inhalation of droplet nuclei which contains bacteria until they reach the lower respiratory tract. This condition will activate both innate and adaptive immune system. The diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia is established in a patient who has the signs and symptoms of pneumonia, accompanied by the detection of S. pneumoniae in microbiology examination. Pneumococcus may also penetrate into a normally sterile site such as bloodstream, meninges, and pleural cavity, and infection of pneumococcus in those sites are defined as an invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD). High bacterial load, dysfunction of the immune system, and co-colonization of another microorganism may also lead to IPD.

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Organized Framework of Main Possible Applications of Sheep Wool Fibers in Building Components

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12030761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 761 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Monica C.M. Parlato ◽

Simona M.C. Porto

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Natural Fibers ◽

Green Building ◽

Production Costs ◽

Acoustic Properties ◽

Wool Fibers ◽

Rural Buildings ◽

Building Components ◽

High Bacterial Load ◽

Sheep Wool

Greasy sheep wool is currently considered a special waste for its high bacterial load, with expensive disposal costs for sheep breeders. For this reason, wool is often burned or buried, with serious consequences for the environment. On the other hand, sheep wool is well regarded as one of the most performative insulating natural fibers due to its thermo-hygrometric and acoustic properties. In the building sector, sheep wool meets the requirements of green building components because it is an eco-friendly material, there is a surplus of it, it is annually renewable, and totally recyclable. If used instead of common insulation materials (e.g., fiberglass, rock wool, polyurethane foam, polystyrene), sheep wool offers significant benefits for sustainability such as a reduction in the production costs for new insulating materials and in environmental pollution. Mechanical and physical properties of sheep wool investigated in previous studies were assessed and discussed with the aim of providing an organized framework of possible applications of wool fibers in building components. This paper highlights in detail aspects that have not yet been investigated enough to detect new potential uses of sheep wool fibers in rural buildings and the reuse of traditional ones.

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Factors influencing the development of bacterial blight of peas.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9540365 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 365 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

DC Wark

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Low Temperature ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Bacterial Blight ◽

Soil Moisture Content ◽

Atmospheric Humidity ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

High Soil Moisture ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Number Of Bacteria

Garden peas commonly carry a nucleus of plants with bacterial blight (Pseudomonas pisi Sackett) in a masked form. When such plants were exposed to low temperature, either by natural frosting or by dipping the tops of the plants in cold liquids, the number of bacteria in the tissues increased rapidly and typical symptoms of the disease occurred in a few days. Soil type and soil moisture content also influenced the development of the disease, which was more marked in peas grown on a red loam from the Dickson Experiment Station than in peas grown on a prepared potting soil. Disease symptoms developed more rapidly a t high soil moisture content than at lower soil moisture content, following exposure to high atmospheric humidity.

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Infection bactérienne à Salmonella typhimurium chez un invertébré, Galleria mellonella L.

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m68-039 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 233-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. Kurstak ◽

C. E. Vega

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Galleria Mellonella ◽

Salmonella Infection ◽

Total Hemocyte Count ◽

Hemocyte Count ◽

Infection Bactérienne ◽

Epidemiological Significance ◽

Number Of Bacteria ◽

Wax Moth

Fourth and fifth instar larvae of Galleria mellonella were inoculated by injection or "per os" with two strains of Salmonella typhimurium. After injection of 2 × 104 viable units, the average mortality was 68%, with strain 7 Suc LL, and 26% with strain LT2; by per os inoculation, mortality was 58% and 18% respectively. During infection, the number of bacteria increased and the total hemocyte count decreased by 64% with a consequent impairment of phagocytosis. Infection under similar conditions with a saprophytic Enterobacteriaceae species, Escherichia coli had no effect. Since the wax-moth infests beehives the possibility of Salmonella infection may be of epidemiological significance.

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